Biomedical subjects

O Lannerstad

Publications and source records attributed to O Lannerstad.

15 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2004

Atopic manifestations are more common in patients with Crohn disease than in the general population.

BACKGROUND: The role of TNF-alpha in Crohn disease is now well established and anti-TNF-alpha is frequently used as a second- or third-line treatment. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is traditionally associated with macrophages but has recently also been found in mast cells of the ileal wall in patients with Crohn disease. As it is well known that mast cells and TNF-alpha play important roles in atopic manifestations like asthma, allergic rhinitis; and eczema the aim of this study was to investigate whether these are seen more commonly in Crohn patients than in the general population. METHODS: Patients with Crohn disease (n = 308), aged 18-50 years, living in the Linköping region in southeast Sweden, were asked to answer a questionnaire regarding the presence of any kind of atopic manifestations. The questionnaire was also sent to 930 controls collected from the Southeastern Region Population Registry. The controls were matched according to age, sex, and place of residence. RESULTS: The response rate among the Crohn patients was 91% (280/308) and among controls 84% (779/930). Eczema was a significantly more frequent manifestation, being almost twice as common in Crohn patients (27%) as in the general population (16%). Adjustment by logistic regression for place of residence, gender, age and coexistence of any other atopic manifestation did not change the odds ratios significantly. CONCLUSION: Atopic manifestations as a group, and eczema as a single manifestation, are significantly more frequent in Crohn patients than in the general population.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1988

Peripheral arterial embolectomy, risks and results.

Embolectomy of the extremities was performed on 221 patients (263 emboli) with median age 77 years. The upper extremity was affected in 21% of cases. No correlation was found between the time from onset of symptoms to embolectomy and the amputation rate. There were 81 deaths (37%) within a month of operation. The mortality rate was significantly higher (47%) among the patients who were already in hospital when embolism occurred and also when the embolism was associated with myocardial infarction (68%). Among patients given oral anticoagulants postoperatively the perioperative mortality was 5%, compared with 51% without such medication. Patient age, concomitant coronary artery disease and oral anticoagulant treatment were factors independently influencing morbidity during the first postoperative month. The 5-year survival rate was also significantly heightened by anticoagulant treatment (43 vs. 12%). Data concerning amputation rate, perioperative mortality and long-term survival in relation to oral anticoagulant treatment must be cautiously interpreted. Prospective trials are required to answer some of the questions.

Adult↗

PubMed1988

A comparison of the behaviour of autologous and homologous platelets in microporous polyurethane grafts. An experimental study in sheep.

In experimental studies in sheep the behaviour of autologous and homologous platelets in microporous polyurethane grafts was compared at a flow rate of 25 ml/min. The grafts were interposed to replace segments of resected carotid arteries. The deposition of 32P-labelled platelets on the graft wall was recorded, as were graft patency, thrombus weight and thrombus-free surface. Compared to autologous platelets, homologous platelets accumulated over longer periods of time and in greater numbers, leading to deposition of larger amounts of thrombus material and reduced patency.

Animals↗

PubMed1987

Acute thrombogenicity of a compliant polyurethane urea graft compared with polytetrafluoroethylene: an experimental study in sheep.

The acute thrombogenicity of a new polyurethane urea graft has been compared with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) grafts using labelled homologous platelets in the carotid arteries of sheep in a low-flow model. There was no difference in patency. Thrombus weight and thrombus free surface were the same in both types of graft after 4 h. The accumulation of homologous 32P platelets was measured at the 2 anastomoses and at a midgraft position. At no point was there any statistically significant difference between the 2 grafts, but the activity was always somewhat higher in the polyurethane grafts. Although more compliant, in this study polyurethane urea grafts behaved much like PTFE ones.

Animals↗

PubMed1987

Effects of different graft preparation techniques on the acute thrombogenicity of autologous vein grafts. An experimental study in sheep.

The effects of different techniques of preparing autologous vein grafts on acute thrombogenicity have been studied in a sheep model. Storing grafts at room temperature or rinsing with different solutions seemed to be of minor importance, whereas distending them to a pressure of 400 mm Hg significantly reduced patency and increased platelet accumulation and thrombus formation.

Animals↗

PubMed1986

Small bowel necrosis after aorto-iliac reconstruction.

Small bowel ischaemia causing necrosis is a rare complication after aorto-iliac reconstructive surgery. During a 14-year-period we have seen 6 cases out of 1343 reconstructions, making a frequency of 0.4 per cent. Diagnosis was difficult, causing a delay until re-exploration. Thrombocytopenia was a constant finding, and should raise suspicion. Pathogenesis was multifactorial. In two of our cases diagnosis was made at autopsy and in four at operation. Two patients survived extensive bowel resection but had a long stormy postoperative course.

Adult↗

PubMed1986

The acute thrombogenicity of a compliant polyurethane arterial graft compared with autologous vein. An experimental study in sheep.

The acute thrombogenicity of a new type of polyurethane urea graft was compared with that of autologous femoral vein graft in a sheep carotid artery interposition model. There was significantly more thrombus formation (as measured from thrombus weight and thrombus-free surface) and greater platelet accumulation in the polyurethane graft. Despite flow restriction to 25 ml/min, the patency rates after 4 hours were similar; all veins were patent and only one of the eight polyurethane grafts was occluded.

Animals↗

PubMed1985

The effect of inhibition of thromboxane synthesis in experimental thrombosis and hemostasis.

The effect of a selective inhibitor of thromboxane synthesis (dazoxiben) was evaluated in different acute models for thrombosis and hemostasis. Dazoxiben significantly reduced the thrombogenicity of the modified human umbilical vein (Dardik Biograft) inserted in the carotid artery position in sheep. The effect was evident concerning patency, thrombus weight and platelet accumulation at the distal anastomosis. This paralleled a decreased production of thromboxane in both anastomoses and the midgraft region. Dazoxiben did not reduce either the frequency of jugular vein thrombosis (induced by a combination of endothelial damage and flow restriction) or arteriolar microembolism after laser injury in rabbits. Neither did it influence initial hemostasis as evaluated by measuring the hemostatic plug formation in the rabbit mesenteric microcirculation. It is concluded that thromboxane synthesis inhibition may be of value when attempting to improve the performance of small diameter vascular prostheses, the data obtained indicating a low risk for hemorrhagic complications.

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗

PubMed1985

Ischemic intestinal complications after aortic reconstructive surgery.

The cases of bowel ischemia following aortoiliac reconstructive surgery during a 5-year period were analyzed. The incidence of the complication was 1.5%. Two of the six patients had ischemia of both small and large bowel. The various secondary operations are described. Three of the patients died. A characteristic and consistent finding was profound thrombocytopenia, which was significantly more pronounced than in a control series. The pathogenesis is multifactorial.

Aged↗

PubMed1984

Results of elective surgery for recurrent ulcer.

Ninety-two patients operated on electively for recurrent peptic ulcer during the years 1970-1979 were subjected to follow-up after two to twelve years. Two patients died in connection with the reoperation and a third patient during the follow-up time of complications to the ulcer disease (3%). Postoperative complications developed in nine patients (26%) after resection and in five patients (8%) after vagotomy. Ten of 87 patients, who had the combination of vagotomy and resection as a result of the original and present operation, developed suspected or proven recurrent ulcer (11%) while this occurred in four of seven (57%) who had not had this combination. At the follow-up 54% of the patients were classified as Visick I or II. Most of the patients classified as Visick III or IV were so, not because of recurrent ulcer but because of side-effects like dumping, diarrhoea, and vomiting.

Adult↗

PubMed1980

Morbidity related to smoking and other risk factors. A population study of disability pension, hospital care and sickness benefit days among middle-aged men in Malmö, Sweden.

In 1969 a cohort of 703 men born in 1914 was screened to determine the prevalence of cardivascular and pulmonary diseases among middle-aged men. Smoking habits and other cardiovascular risk factors were registered. Hypertension was treated. The disability pension rate among non-smokers was considerably lower than that for smokers. Also the proportion of individuals who had been admitted to hospital and the proportion of individuals who had reported sick was lower in non-smokers than in smokers. The ex-smokers showed an intermediate position both in terms of disability pension rate and in proportion of individuals admitted to hospital. High systolic blood pressure, high cholesterol level and high triglyceride values in 1969 were not associated with increased disability pension rate, hospitalization rate or with increased sick leave.

Cardiovascular Diseases↗

PubMed1979

Risk factors for premature death in men 56--60 years old. A prospective study of men born 1914, living in Malmö, Sweden.

In a five-year follow-up of a random sample of men aged 55 the association between risk factors and premature death was analysed. The overall mortality in five years was 5.8%. The mortality among the smokers was 8%; among non-smokers 2%. Of 16 cancer deaths all were smokers except one who was an ex-smoker. In spite of treatment of hypertension (greater than 165/110 mmHg) there was an association between high blood pressure and premature death, particularly when cause of death was cardiovascular disease. There was no association between premature death and serum cholesterol, serum triglycerides or physical activity. The study is based on 703 men, of whom 41 died. The autopsy frequency was 93%. Only 3 men (0.4%) were lost to follow-up.

Accidents↗

PubMed1977

Effects of a health screening on mortality and causes of death in middle-aged men. A prospective study from 1970 to 1974 of mean in Malmö, born 1914.

All men born in even-numbered months in 1914 and domiciled in Malmö were invited in 1969 to participate in an investigation regarding risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Individuals with a blood pressure of 165/110 and over were treated and a sub-sample of heavy smokers were later invited to take part in a quit-smoking project. During the following five year period total and cause-specific mortality in the examined group was compared with corresponding data for men born in uneven months in 1914. Mortality in the examined cohort was lower than among controls and differed significantly from that in the control group with regard to cardiovascular mortality.

Cardiovascular Diseases↗

PubMed1975

A long-term 51chromium assay for in vitro cell-mediated tumor immunity. Correlation with simultaneously performed microplate assays.

In vitro assays of cell-mediated tumor immunity utilizing 51Chromium (51Cr) labelling of cultured adherent solid tumor cells were designed which allowed an effector cell/target cell incubation time of 48 h without overriding spontaneous 51Cr release. In a series of 16 consecutive experiments, blood lymphocytes from healthy human donors, from patients with tumors unrelated to the cultural tumor target cells, and from colon carcinoma and melanoma patients were tested for their cytotoxic effects on various target cell pairs, human colon carcinoma, melanoma, or skin fibroblasts. The same reagents were used in simultaneously performed microplate and 51Cr assays. Results obtained by visual counting of microplate tests and by 24-h assays of 51Cr release or 51Cr retention correlated in 20/25 effector-cell/target-cell combinations. In a series of six consecutive experiments, lymph-node cells from untreated Wistar/Furth rats, and rats bearing either chemically-induced colon carcinoma NG-W1 or polyoma virus-induced sarcoma P-W13 were tested for their cytotoxicity on syngeneic rat colon carcinoma and sarcoma target cells. Criss-cross type experiments were performed by microplate and 15Cr techniques done in parallel. Results obtained by visual counting of microplate tests and by 48 h assays of 51Cr release or 51Cr retention correlated in 15/18 effector-cell/target-cell combinations.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1975

Absorption of blocking activity from human tumor-bearer sera by Staphylococcus aureus, Cowan I.

Staphylococcus aureus, strain Cowan I, contains a cell-wall substance, protein A, which combines with the Fc part of IgG in most mammalian species. It can therefore be used as a solid-phase immunoabsorbant for elimination of the reacting immunoglobulins. Since it has been shown that Cowan I could absorb out the blocking activity of sera from rats bearing isografts of polyoma-virus-induced sarcomas or chemically induced colon carcinomas, we investigated what effects Cowan I absorption of human tumor-bearer sera might have. In all tumor-bearer sera tested, from patients with melanomas or colon carcinomas, treatment with protein-A-containing staphylococci decreased the sera's ability to inhibit lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity in vitro. Cowan-I-treated sera from healthy controls had no effect on lymphocyte cytotoxicity. Nor did Cowan-I-treated tumor-bearer sera potentiate or "arm" normal lymphocytes against tumor target cells. There was no evidence of complement-dependent cytotoxicity with added human complement in sera from melanoma and colon carcinoma bearing patients either before or after absorption with Staphylococcus aureus, Cowan I, The concentrations of IgA, IgG and IgM were determined in sera used for in vitro tests of blocking activity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity before and after absorption. No reduction of IgA, reduction to undetectable levels of IgG and 20-30 percent reduction of IgM immunoglobulins as compared to unabsorbed sera were demonstrated.

Absorption↗