A polymorphic dinucleotide repeat microsatellite in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar (SSOSL436).
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
O Lie
Publications and source records attributed to O Lie.
Three bovine dinucleotide repeat polymorphisms (D5S46, D15S25, D26S19).
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Animals↗
Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, microsatellites at the SSOSL25, SSOSL85, SSOSL311, SSOSL417 loci.
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Alleles↗
Association of alleles for the class I bovine lymphocyte antigens with conformation, semen traits, and growth rate of young bulls.
The 279 Norwegian bulls that were performance tested during 1988 and 1989 were typed for bovine lymphocyte antigens of class I, and relationships with performance test results of these bulls were investigated. A single-trait animal model was used to estimate the gene substitution effects of bovine lymphocyte antigens on conformation as well as semen volume, density, and quality; a fixed linear model was also applied to the breeding values of growth rate. Allelic frequencies ranged from .2 to 28%; alleles w16 (28%), A2 (15%), A10(w50) (12%), and A8 (10%) were the most frequent. Allele A12(A30) was significantly associated with decreased semen density and decreased growth rate, and allele A10(w50) was significantly associated with increased growth rate. No antigen showed a significant association with conformation, semen density, or semen quality. Heterozygosity at the locus for bovine lymphocyte antigen of class I did not show significant advantage in any of the traits. The bovine lymphocyte antigens appeared to be potential markers for quantitative trait loci controlling semen density and growth rate; however, further research is necessary to confirm these findings.
Alleles↗
Tetradecylthioacetic acid incorporated into very low density lipoprotein: changes in the fatty acid composition and reduced plasma lipids in cholesterol-fed hamsters.
The mechanism behind the hypolipidemic effect of tetradecylthioacetic acid (CMTTD, a non-beta-oxidizable 3-thia fatty acid) was studied in hamsters fed a high cholesterol diet (2%), which resulted in hyperlipidemia. Treating hyperlipidemic hamsters with CMTTD resulted in a progressive hypocholesterolemic and hypotriacylglycerolemic effect. Decreased plasma cholesterol was followed by a 39% and 30% reduction in VLDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol, respectively. In contrast, the HDL-cholesterol content was not affected, thus decreasing the VLDL-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratios. 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl- (HMG) CoA reductase activity and its mRNA level were unchanged after CMTTD administration. Also, the LDL receptor and LDL receptor-related protein (LRP-4) mRNAs were unchanged. The decrease in plasma triacylglycerol was accompanied by a 45% and 56% reduction in VLDL-triacylglycerol and LDL-triacylglycerol, respectively. The hypolipidemic effect of CMTTD was followed by a 1.4-fold increase in mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and a 2.3-fold increase in peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation. CMTTD treatment led to an accumulation of dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (20:3n-6) in liver, plasma, very low density lipoprotein, and heart. Noteworthy, CMTTD accumulated more in the heart, plasma, and VLDL particles compared to the liver, and in the VLDL particle alpha-linolenic acid (18:3n-3) decreased whereas eicosatetraenoic acid (20:4n-3) increased. In addition, linoleic acid (18:2n-6) and the total amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids decreased, the latter mainly due to a decrease in n-6 fatty acids. The present data show that CMTTD was detected in plasma and incorporated into VLDL, liver, and heart. The relative incorporation (mol%) of CMTTD was heart > VLDL > liver. In conclusion, CMTTD causes both a hypocholesterolemic and hypotriacylglycerolemic effect in hyperlipidemic hamsters.
Animals↗
Modulation of plasma and hepatic oxidative status and changes in plasma lipid profile by n-3 (EPA and DHA), n-6 (corn oil) and a 3-thia fatty acid in rats.
This manuscript describes changes in plasma lipid profiles and parameters of oxidative status in the plasma and liver of rats fed 5 different fatty acids: 95% eicosapentaenoic acid, 92% docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), corn oil (n-6), 1-mono-(carboxymethylthio)-tetradecane (CMTTD) and palmitic acid (controls) for 3 months. At the given doses both EPA and the 3-thia fatty acid, CMTTD, caused a significant decrease in plasma triglycerides, phospholipids, free fatty acids and cholesterol. DHA decreased plasma free fatty acids and cholesterol, while corn oil feeding reduced only plasma free fatty acids. Plasma and hepatic vitamin E levels were significantly decreased in EPA, DHA and CMTTD fed rats, but remained unchanged in corn oil fed rats. Plasma glutathione was noted to decrease after EPA and DHA feeding but remained unchanged in other groups. However, hepatic glutathione content was increased in EPA, DHA and CMTTD fed rats, whereas cysteine levels were noted to decrease. As hepatic levels of cysteinylglycine remained unchanged, increased rate of cellular glutathione synthesis rather than its decreased degradation is likely to contribute to the increased hepatic glutathione content in EPA, DHA and CMTTD fed rats. Except for reduction in the levels of plasma lipid peroxidation caused by CMTTD, no significant changes were noted between the different treatment groups. Hepatic lipid peroxidation was elevated only in rats given DHA. Furthermore, our results show that EPA and DHA cause minimal imbalance of the peroxisomal H2O2 metabolising enzymes as compared to CMTTD. In addition, contrary to the potent peroxisome proliferator compound CMTTD which decreased the activities of glutathione transferase and glutathione peroxidase, EPA and DHA increased the activities of these detoxification enzymes.
Animals↗
A study of variability in the MHC class II beta 1 and class I alpha 2 domain exons of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L.
Variability in the most extracellular exons of Atlantic salmon MHC-Sasa class I and class II was studied by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification followed by sequencing. The domains studied were class I alpha 2 and class II beta 1. The material used was genomic DNA of fish, mainly derived from the major Norwegian breeding pool, supplemented with some material from a minor breeder and a local river strain. The analysis revealed extensive variation, most individuals being heterozygous with at least two variants.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Isolation and sequence determination of porcine class II DRB alleles amplified by PCR.
The first domain exon of a porcine DRB gene was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the nucleotide sequence was determined. In a material consisting of 10 unrelated animals, five different alleles were identified, all probably belonging to a single locus designated DRB1. In addition, a non-expressed locus, designated DRB2, was coamplified with DRB1. This pseudogene, containing a single base deletion, also exhibited some variation, but at a very restricted level compared with DRB1. In pairwise comparisons of DRB1 alleles, the number of amino acid substitutions ranged between 6 and 21 out of 83 positions compared.
Alleles↗
Association of major histocompatibility complex antigens (BoLA-A) with AI bull progeny test results for mastitis, ketosis and fertility in Norwegian cattle.
Altogether 424 Norwegian AI bulls, progeny tested for clinical mastitis, ketosis and fertility (recorded as nonreturn percentage), were typed by Edinburgh and Oslo allo-antisera to bovine lymphocyte antigens (BoLA-A) over a 7-year period. Significant effects of BoLA-A on disease were revealed. A2 was associated with relative resistance to mastitis, a positive influence on fertility, and a possible relative resistance to ketosis, while A13 was associated with relative resistance to ketosis. The previously reported associations of A11 and w16 with relative susceptibility to mastitis were not confirmed in the present material.
Animals↗
Cloning and sequence analysis of cDNAs encoding the MHC class II beta chain in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar).
Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) cDNAs encoding the major histocompatibility complex (Mhc-Sasa) class II beta chain were isolated from a leucocyte library by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) approach. Three different cDNAs (c144, c22, and c157) encoding the entire mature beta chain have been analyzed. Clone c144 differs from clone c157 in 12.6% of the nucleotides in the beta 1-encoding region. The corresponding differences between clones c144 and c22, and clones c22 and c157, are 10.3% and 5.2%, respectively. This variation is, at least in part, most likely attributable to allelism. The similarity indices between the highly conserved beta 2 domains from Atlantic salmon and corresponding sequences from humans (DQ beta), chicken (BL beta), carp (TLAII beta-1), and rainbow trout (O.M. No. 55) are 45%, 40%, 66%, and 97%, respectively. Variable residues in the beta 1 domains from Atlantic salmon correspond with polymorphic sites of beta 1 domains from higher vertebrates. The frequency of substitutions in the beta 1-encoding region exceeds that in the 3'-untranslated (UT) region with several folds, indicating extensive beta 1 polymorphism in Atlantic salmon.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Molecular cloning of major histocompatibility complex class I cDNAs from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar).
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Amino Acid Sequence↗
A fast and highly sensitive method for detecting freemartinism in bovine twins using immunomagnetic beads and Y-specific PCR primers.
A method for detecting male cells in the blood of the female calf in bovine heterosexual twin pregnancies has been established. Nucleated cells were isolated from full blood by immunomagnetic separation, lysed by boiling and then subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification with Y chromosome specific primers. Diagnosis was achieved within one day. The method was successfully used on blood samples that had been stored at +4 degrees C for more than one month. Dilution of male blood in female blood showed that XY cells were detectable down to a concentration of 0.1%. This method should be amenable to automatization and can be adapted to any PCR-based genetic test.
Animals↗
High lysozyme activity in a Norwegian bovine family co-segregates with a restriction fragment length polymorphism.
Analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of the lysozyme gene cluster was performed in a Norwegian bovine family segregating a single dominant Mendelian factor for high lysozyme activity in serum. An RFLP site with allelic bands of 16kb and 5.9 kb turned out to be linked to the locus for the high lysozyme activity factor with a lod score of 6.8 at a recombination fraction of 3.4%. This implies that we have revealed a genetic marker for the high lysozyme activity trait.
Abomasum↗
The effect of dietary N-3 fatty acids on osmotic fragility and membrane fluidity of human erythrocytes.
Sixteen healthy females were randomly assigned to receive fish oil or corn oil double blind in a 28 days intervention period. Osmotic fragility of erythrocytes was decreased in the fish-oil supplemented group and not affected in the corn-oil group. The decrease in osmotic fragility was maximal after 14 days and approached the pre-intervention level after 24 and 28 days of n-3 supplementation. No change was observed in erythrocyte membrane fluidity in either of the groups. The level of n-3 fatty acids increased significantly in erythrocytes from the fish oil supplemented subjects, mainly at the expense of linoleic acid (18:2, n-6) and oleic acid (18:1). No significant change was seen in the relative amount of arachidonic acid (20:4,n-6) or in the phospholipid/cholesterol ratio in erythrocytes, while the ratio between the sum of phoshatidylcholine and sphingomyeline/phosphatidylethanolamine (PC+SM/PE) increased during the intervention period. This study does not verify the hypothesis of a relationship between osmotic fragility and membrane fluidity. It is concluded that increased level of n-3 fatty acids in erythrocyte membranes decreases osmotic fragility, and that this effect is counteracted by increased PC+SM/PE ratio.
Adult↗
Associations of bovine lymphocyte antigens with milk and meat production traits of Norwegian cattle.
Bovine lymphocyte antigens of class I were defined for 434 AI bulls of Norwegian Cattle, which is a dual purpose breed. The antigens w16, A2, and A8 occurred at highest frequencies. A gene substitution model was used to compare bovine lymphocyte antigens with total breeding value and breeding values for milk yield, milk fat percentage, milk protein percentage, and meat production. Several bovine lymphocyte antigens were significantly associated with the traits in question: low fat percentage was associated with A8, A10(w50), and A11; high milk protein percentage with A13; and low meat production with the rare antigen w1. Associations of the bovine lymphocyte antigens and milk yield were not significant.
Alleles↗
High levels of linkage disequilibria between serologically defined class I bovine lymphocyte antigens (BoLA-A) and class II DQB restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) in Norwegian cows.
Serum defined BoLA-A antigens, together with BoLA-DQB RFLP patterns, were determined in 87 almost unrelated Norwegian cattle. Statistical analysis revealed strong linkage disequilibria between these loci at the population level. A total of 13 haplotypes were found to be present at frequencies significantly greater than those predicted on the basis of their component gene frequencies. Among these, the subgroups 1A and 1B of the DQ1 haplotype were found to be closely associated with the class I antigens A11 and w16, respectively. The association between A11 and DQ1A is of particular interest, as two independent studies, one employing class I serology, and the other RFLP analysis of the class II locus DQ, have previously indicated that A11 and DQ1A confer relative susceptibility to mastitis.
Alleles↗
A study on association between mastitis and serologically defined class I bovine lymphocyte antigens (BoLA-A) in Norwegian cows.
A total of 102 cows was tested for class I antigens of the bovine major histocompatibility complex. Half of the animals (51) had completed at least four lactations without any veterinary treatment for mastitis. The distribution of BoLA-A antigens among these relative mastitis-resistant cows was compared to that in the other half of the material (51), which comprised animals with at least one recorded treatment for mastitis. There were no statistically significant differences in BoLA-A antigen frequency between cows with mastitis and cows without mastitis. The two most common antigens were A2 and w16. The frequency of these two antigens deviated from earlier estimates within the Norwegian cattle (NRF) population, the difference for w16 being statistically significant.
Animals↗
Fatty acid composition of glycerophospholipids in seven tissues of cod (Gadus morhua), determined by combined high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography.
A method for the separation from fish tissues of the four main glycerophospholipid classes, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylserine, using adsorption high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection and consecutive gas chromatographic analysis, based on one injection for their fatty acid compositions, is described. Fatty acid 19:0 was used as an internal standard for the calculation of the relative concentrations of the phospholipids. The patterns of fatty acid distribution within each of the phospholipids from seven cod organs had some general similarities. Phosphatidylcholine had the highest levels of 16:0 and 18:2 n - 6, and the ratio of 20:5 to 22:6 varied between 0.5 and 0.9. Phosphatidylethanolamine had the highest total polyunsaturated fatty acids, (n -3) polyunsaturated fatty acids, and 22:6 n -3, and the ratio of 20:5 to 22:6 varied between 0.2 and 0.5. Phosphatidylinositol showed the highest level of 18:0 and 20:4 n - 6 and had the lowest ratio of (n - 3) to (n - 6). Phosphatidylserine had the highest ratio of (n - 3) to (n - 6) and the lowest ratio of 20:5 to 22:6. A generally low level (less than 1.5%) of the long-chain monoene, 22:1, was found in the phospholipids in all tissues.
Animals↗