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Biomedical subjects

O M de Almeida

Publications and source records attributed to O M de Almeida.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Inhibition of choline acetyltransferase by excitatory amino acids as a possible mechanism for cholinergic dysfunction in the central nervous system.

Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity was reduced by more than 85% in cultured retina cells after 16 h treatment with 150 microM kainate (T(1/2) : 3.5 h). Glutamate, AMPA and quisqualate also inhibited the enzyme in equivalent proportion. Cell lesion measured by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide - thiazolyl blue (MTT) reduction and microscopic observation was not detected even after 48 h with kainate. Other retina neurochemical markers were not affected by kainate and full recovery of the enzyme was achieved 9 days after kainate removal. Moreover, hemicolinium-3 sensitive choline uptake and hemicolinium-3 binding sites were maintained intact after kainate treatment. The immunoblot and immunohistochemical analysis of the enzyme revealed that ChAT molecules were maintained in cholinergic neurons. The use of antagonists showed that ionotropic and group 1 metabotropic receptors mediated the effect of glutamate on ChAT inhibition, in a calcium dependent manner. The quisqualate mediated ChAT inhibition and part of the kainate effect (30%) was prevented by 5 mM N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). Veratridine (3 microM) also reduced ChAT by a Ca(2+) dependent, but glutamate independent mechanism and was prevented by 1 microM tetrodotoxin.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Distally based fasciocutaneous flap of the calf for cutaneous coverage of the lower leg and dorsum of the foot.

Cutaneous injuries of the inferior third of the leg and dorsum of the foot represent a great challenge for plastic surgeons. The poor vascularization and subsequent poor healing encountered in these regions demand detailed knowledge of the local anatomy to select the best surgical alternative for each patient. In patients in whom local or free muscular flaps are not suitable, the fasciocutaneous flaps seem to be a good alternative. The distal pedicled fasciocutaneous flap of the calf was used to cover skin defects of the leg and foot in 22 patients. In 4 patients the authors designed an island flap to prevent a large defect in the donor area and to decrease the time of hospitalization and recovery of the patient. In a severe defect, the flap was used as a cross-leg flap. The results were satisfactory because the flap provided stable coverage for different defects with few complications. The island flap is a good option for achieving a better aesthetic result and can be used in select patients.

Foot Injuries↗
PubMed2000

Treatment of extensive sternum keloid scar with surgical removal and immediate reconstruction with skin flaps from a combined mammaplasty.

We report the case of a 47-year-old woman with a large keloid scar on the sternum who was submitted to a simultaneous scar removal with bilateral breast-reduction mammaplasty. Breast reduction was performed to reduce local skin tension and to provide a skin flap for the full reconstruction of the scar-removal site. The association of these surgical procedures stands as a viable alternative for the reconstruction of the sternum region, producing less keloid scarring.

Breast↗
PubMed1995

[Facial fractures. Analysis of 130 cases].

The importance of facial trauma comes from the possibility of leaving serious functional and aesthetic consequences. Since 1990 patients with facial fractures were treated at the Emergency Ward of the Hospital das Clinicas of the Medical Faculty of São Paulo by plastic surgeons. In 24 months, 130 patients with facial fractures were treated there. The main causative factors were motor vehicle accidents (51%) and the main bone fracture was that of mandible (46%). A correlation between the kind of trauma and the kind of fracture is made.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Toxic shock syndrome after reduction mammaplasty: a case report].

The clinical features of the toxic shock syndrome are well established. It is rapidly developing disease and may be lethal if not recognized and treated in time. Once the syndrome was associated with the use of tampon by menstruating women. Recently this syndrome has been reported as due to Staphylococcus aureus infection. A severe case of toxic shock syndrome in a 18-years-old patient after reduction mammoplasty is reported, and the importance of an early diagnosis is emphasized.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Treatment of cutaneous losses of the heel with lateral calcaneus artery flap].

The lateral calcaneal artery flap is an axial flap which comprises also the saphenous vein and the sural nerve. Its use has been reported for coverage of skin loss of the malleolus and calcaneal area. The donor area should be closed by a split thickness skin graft. In the present report, eight patients who had skin loss on the foot were submitted to reconstruction with the lateral calcaneal flap. In seven there were island flaps and in one a bridge of skin similar to that described by Grabb and Argenta. The etiology was trauma in five patients and decubitus ulcer in three. The results were good. The flap was adequate for the cover on the posterior foot area even after submitted to the strain of normal walking. The advantages were simpler technique and consistency of the anatomical landmarks.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Renal insufficiency with primary hyperaldosteronism].

We describe a case of advanced chronic renal failure with persisting hypokalemia. The clinical study revealed the simultaneous presence of a salt and potassium loosing nephropathy associated with aldosterone-producing adenoma. This late pathology was revealed as electrolytic changes characteristic of primary hyperaldosteronism became evident as the renal function progressively deteriorated.

Adenoma↗