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Biomedical subjects

O Mäentausta

Publications and source records attributed to O Mäentausta.

30 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Serum bile acid levels in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy during treatment with phenobarbital or cholestyramine.

Nineteen patients suffering from the intrahepatic cholestasis (IHC) of pregnancy were studied. Twelve of them were treated with phenobarbital (100 mg/day) and seven with cholestyramine (18 g/day). The overnight fasting levels of serum cholic acid (CA), chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) and deoxycholic acid (DCA) were measured by radioimmunoassay. The activities of serum transaminases, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, alkaline phosphatase and total and conjugated bilirubins were also analyzed. It was found that there was no correlation between the itching symptom and the serum bile acid levels. During phenobarbital treatment serum bile acid concentrations did not change. Also, the other measured parameters as well as the CA/CDCA ratio did not change significantly. Transaminases had, however, a slight tendency to decrease. The therapy successfully relieved itching in half of the cases. There was no relationship between the relief of the itching and the change in the bile acid concentrations. Cholestyramine treatment did not decrease the CA level significantly, but that of the CDCA decreased (P less than 0.05) and the ratio of CA/CDCA increased (P less than 0.05). In the other analyzed liver function test results, an increase (P less than 0.05) occurred only in the concentrations of conjugated bilirubin. The itching was relieved in five of the seven cases during the first week of treatment, but after that the symptom tended to reappear. There was a slight correlation between the decrease in the CDCA level and in the relief of the itching. The two drugs did not cause any particular side effects.

Bile Acids and Salts↗
PubMed1982

Gall bladder volume and serum bile acids in cholestasis of pregnancy.

Gall bladder volume was measured by ultrasound in eight patients with cholestasis of pregnancy, in 21 normal pregnant women and in 14 non-pregnant women, and at the same time serum cholic and chenodeoxycholic acid levels were estimated. The gall bladder volume was 60% larger in cholestasis than that in normal pregnancy and more than two times larger in normal pregnancy than in non-pregnant women. The serum cholic and chenodeoxycholic acid concentrations were significantly higher in cholestasis of pregnancy than those in normal pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Serum bile acids and lipids during treatment of climacteric symptoms with natural oestrogen--progestin combinations.

Climacteric symptoms of 21 women were treated for 6 mth with sequential combination preparations containing natural oestrogen (oestradiol and oestriol) and norethisterone acetate as progestin. There were no significant changes during the treatment period in the serum alanine aminotransferase activity or concentrations of cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, triglycerides, cholic acid and deoxycholic acid. The concentration of chenodeoxycholic acid was, however, significantly decreased after 6 mth treatment. It thus appears that the above natural oestrogen--progestin combinations do not have adverse effects on hepatic function and lipid metabolism.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Serum cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid concentrations in neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.

Primary bile acid concentrations were measured in serum of 332 newborns with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (serum total bilirubin level greater than 200 mumol/l) and compared with those of 95 nonhyperbilirubinemic neonates (serum total bilirubin level less than 200 mumol/l). The serum concentrations (mumol/l; mean +/- SEM) for cholic acid (8.78 +/- 0.44) and chenodeoxycholic acid (10.5 +/- 0.68) were significantly higher (p less than 0.001) in the hyperbilirubinemic group than in the controls (7.16 +/- 0.48 and 6.67 +/- 0.48, respectively). 80 (24%) of the hyperbilirubinemic newborns had true cholestasis (serum levels of cholic and/or chenodeoxycholic acid higher than mean +/- 2 SD in the reference group). The ratio of cholic to chenodeoxycholic acid was significantly higher (p less than 0.05) in the cholestatic group than in the hyperbilirubinemic newborns without cholestasis. There was no significant differences in the serum concentrations of alkaline phosphatase or lactate dehydrogenase between the cholestatic and noncholestatic groups. In the hyperbilirubinemic newborns, the primary bile acids were indiscriminately raised. Only 8 infants from the 332 newborns had jaundice at the age of 1 month. Of these 8 infants only 2 had neonatal cholestatic hyperbilirubinemia. It thus appears that measurement of serum primary bile acid concentrations has only limited diagnostic value in assessing the severity or prognosis of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.

Chenodeoxycholic Acid↗
PubMed1981

Changes in serum bile acid concentrations during normal pregnancy, in patients with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy and in pregnant women with itching.

Two primary bile acids, cholic acid (CA) and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), and one secondary bile acid, deoxycholic acid (DCA), were measured by radioimmunoassay in pregnancy serum from 30 healthy women, 49 women with itching and 45 with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. All subjects were studied serially from between 16 and 20 weeks gestation until 35-60 days post partum. In healthy pregnant women, serum CA and DCA levels did not change significantly at any time. The mean CDCA level rose significantly towards term. In women with intrahepatic cholestasis, serum levels of CA and CDC were increased ten- and five-fold, respectively, at the time of appearance of clinical symptoms and the CA/CDCA ratio rose from 1/1 to 2/1; there was also a moderate increase in the serum concentration of DCA. In 4 of 8 women studied prospectively an increase in serum bile acid levels preceded the appearance of symptoms or other laboratory evidence of intrahepatic cholestasis. Nine of the women with itching with normal routine liver function test results had increases in serum CA and CDCA concentrations suggesting mild cholestasis.

Bile Acids and Salts↗
PubMed1980

Cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid concentrations in serum during infancy and childhood.

Concentrations of two primary bile acids (cholic and chenodeoxycholic acids) were determined by radioimmunoassay in the serum of infants and children at ages ranging from 1 hour to 15 years. The same bile acids were also measured in umbilical cord serum. Concentrations of the primary bile acids were significantly higher in the serum of 1-hour old infants than those in the umbilical cord serum or the peripheral vein serum of adults. The levels of cholic and chenodeoxycholic acid remained high until the age of 6 months, being about 5-fold higher than those in the sera of adults. Primary bile acid concentrations reached the adult level by the age of 1-2 years. These results indicate that developmental changes occur in the metabolism and excretion of bile acids in man. The relatively high concentrations of the primary bile acids in serum during the first 6 months of life suggest that up to this age, the mature ability of the liver to excrete the bile salts into the bile and/or to clear them from the circulation has not yet been reached.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Serum bile acid concentrations in the course of benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis.

The patient reported here represents the classic features of the syndrome of benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis (BRIC). She had conjugated hyperbilirubinaemia during the neonatal period and early infancy. The concentrations of serum primary bile acids, cholic acid (CA) and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) were determined by radioimmunoassay and were continuously extremely raised during the icteric, recovery, and also the anicteric phases of the disease. The ratio of CA to CDCA was always within the normal range. The secondary serum bile acid, deoxycholic acid (DCA), was only slightly raised. The oral cholate tolerance test was abnormal in the patient during the anicteric phase. These observations support the suggestion that a disturbance of the hepatocellular bile acid transport may be the primary defect in BRIC.

Bile Acids and Salts↗
PubMed1980

Amniotic fluid bile acids in normal and pathologic pregnancy.

Radioimmunologic techniques were used to determine 2 primary bile acids (cholic and chenodeoxycholic acid) and 1 secondary bile acid (deoxycholic acid) from human amniotic fluid of healthy pregnant women and from patients with diabetes, toxemia, or intrahepatic cholestasis during pregnancy. In general, the mean bile acid concentrations in the amniotic fluid were very similar to those in the serum, although in paired samples from individual patients these 2 values did not correlate significantly. Very high levels of the 2 primary bile acids were measured from the amniotic fluid of patients with intrahepatic cholestasis. The mean values were about 70 times higher than those in the controls. Amniotic fluid cholic acid content was slightly elevated in diabetic and toxemic patients, too. Deoxycholic acid was consistently found in the amniotic fluid specimens, but there was no change in its concentration among the various groups. In this limited series of patients, no significant correlation was found between the bile acid concentrations in the amniotic fluid and signs of fetal distress at the time of amniocentesis, although the lowest maternal serum estriol and human placental lactogen values were associated with the highest amniotic fluid bile acid concentrations. The condition of the newborn infants did not correlate with amniotic fluid bile acid concentrations in any of the patient groups studied. It thus appears that high amniotic fluid bile acid content present a threat to the fetus, but further studies are needed to clarify this point.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Radioimmunoassay of conjugated cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, and deoxycholic acid from human serum, with use of 125I-labeled ligands.

We describe a method for radioimmunoassay of conjugated cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, and deoxycholic acid in serum. In the method, 125I-labeled bile acid conjugates are used as the tracers along with antibodies raised against individual bile acid-bovine serum albumin conjugates. Antibody-bound and free bile acids were separated by polyethylene glycol precipitation (final concentration, 125 g/L). Before radioimmunoassay, 0.1-mL serum samples were precipitated with nine volumes of ethanol, and portions from the supernate were used in the assays. The lowest measurable amounts of the bile acids, expressed as pmol/tube, were: cholic acid conjugates, 2; chenodeoxycholic acid conjugates, 0.5; and deoxycholic acid conjugates. 2. Analytical recovery of bile acids added to bile acid-free serum ranged from 85 to 110%; intra-assay and inter-assay CVs ranged from 3.2 to 5.3% and from 5.3 to 12.2%, respectively. Concentrations (mean +/- SD) of the bile acid conjugates in serum from apparently healthy women and men (in mumol/L) were: cholic acid conjugates, 0.43 +/- 0.17 (n = 126); chenodeoxycholic acid conjugates, 0.47 +/- 0.23 (n = 111); and deoxycholic acid conjugates, 0.33 +/- 0.11 (n = 96). The values for primary bile acids were greatly increased in patients with various hepatobiliary diseases.

Chenodeoxycholic Acid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Liver function tests in diabetic patients.

Nine different liver function tests (LFT) were assessed in 175 unselected diabetic outpatients stabilized on diet, insulin, or oral hypoglycemic drugs. In another group of 72 diabetic inpatients having diagnostic liver biopsy, relationships between LFT and histologic changes in the liver were investigated. Abnormalities in at least one of the tests were noted in 57% of the outpatients, and two tests gave pathologic results in 27%. The non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients more often had abnormal LFT results than did the insulin-dependent diabetic patients. Serum chenodeoxycholic acid concentrations were increased in 27%, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gGT) activities in 19%, and alanine aminotransferase (Alt) activities in 17% of the outpatients, but the increases were rarely more than twice the upper limit of normal. In multivariate analysis, outpatients who were overweight, showed poor diabetes control during a short duration of diabetes controlled by treatment with diet or oral agents, and had a mature age at onset of diabetes displayed the most significant clinical explanatory variables associated with abnormal Alt. In the inpatients, the percentages of abnormal Alt and gGT results were augmented, along with increasing severity of histologic changes, but the mean values of Alt and gGT did not differ significantly between the various histologic groups. In addition, the diabetic patients with nonspecific inflammatory changes or increase in liver fibrosis often showed normal or only minor elevations in these test values.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sex steroid hormones and receptors in relation to S-phase fraction and ploidy level in endometrial carcinoma.

Although endogenous hormones exert an effect on the proliferation of endometria adenocarcinoma, there also seems to be an autonomous proliferation of the malignant cells. Simultaneous measurement of endocrine and cell proliferation related variables in endometrial adenocarcinoma specimens are expected to increase the understanding of factors responsible for progression or regression of this form of cancer. Sixty patients with endometrial adenocarcinoma were examined. The following parameters were analysed: endogenous plasma concentration of oestradiol, oestrone, progesterone, androstenedione and testosterone; S-phase fraction (SPF) and ploidy level, by flow cytometry; oestrogen and progesterone receptors, by immunohistochemistry. The oestrogen receptor positive tumours had a lower S-phase fraction that receptor negative tumours (p < 0.05), but SPF was still under the mean for the whole group. ER positive tumours were all diploid, while progesterone receptors were found also in aneuploid tumours. The presence of PR did not relate to lower SPF, but in an earlier study increased progesterone concentration was found to relate to lower SPF, and the antiproliferative effect of progesterone was also seen in more malignant tumours.

Adenocarcinoma↗