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Biomedical subjects

O Müller

Publications and source records attributed to O Müller.

197 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Amiodarone-induced hepatic phospholipidosis: correlation of morphological and biochemical findings in an animal model.

Morphological and biochemical investigations were performed in guinea pigs after 1, 3, 5 and 16 weeks of amiodarone feeding. The most prominent morphological finding was an increase in dense bodies in hepatocytes, Kupffer cells and in bile duct epithelia, reaching a maximum after 5 weeks of treatment according to morphometric analysis. Similar time courses were observed for the serum and liver tissue concentrations of amiodarone and desethylamiodarone and the--albeit minimal--extent of hepatocellular necrosis. Phospholipids in the liver homogenate were unchanged after 1 week, but significantly increased after prolonged amiodarone treatment. There was no significant alteration in the pattern of individual phospholipids. Serum and tissue concentrations as well as the extent of phospholipidosis do not appear to be a function of the duration of drug application. A very close correlation, however, was observed between the liver tissue concentration of amiodarone and the amount of dense bodies as a morphological expression of phospholipidosis.

Amiodarone↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of loracarbef (LY163892) versus amoxicillin in the treatment of bronchopneumonia and lobar pneumonia.

Loracarbef (LY163892), a carbacephem, is the first of a new class of beta-lactam compounds. A 14-day, double-blind, randomized, parallel treatment study compared loracarbef (400 mg b.i.d.; n = 169) and amoxicillin (500 mg t.i.d.; n = 167) in the treatment of lobar pneumonia and bronchopneumonia. Forty-four patients in the loracarbef group and 40 patients in the amoxicillin group were evaluable for efficacy analysis. Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae were isolated from pure or mixed cultures in 45.5% of the evaluable patients, with S. pneumoniae being isolated most frequently. Favourable clinical responses (cure or improvement) in the loracarbef-treated group (42/44; 95.5%) were similar to those in the amoxicillin-treated group (38/40; 95%). A favourable bacteriological response was observed for 36/44 (81.8%) loracarbef-treated patients compared with 28/40 (70%) amoxicillin-treated patients (p = 0.2). Adverse events were similar in both groups. Withdrawal of treatment was required in three patients in each group due to gastrointestinal events or rash/allergic exanthema. These data support the conclusion that loracarbef and amoxicillin have comparable efficacy and safety in the treatment of bronchopneumonia and lobar pneumonia caused by susceptible pathogens. However, loracarbef can be administered twice daily, offering the advantage of improved patient compliance. It is also active against beta-lactamase producing organisms.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Loracarbef versus penicillin V in the treatment of streptococcal pharyngitis and tonsillitis.

Ten-day, double-blind, randomized, parallel treatment regimens of loracarbef (200 mg capsule twice daily or 15 mg/kg/day oral suspension in two divided doses up to a maximum of 375 mg/day; n = 169) and penicillin V (250 mg capsule four times daily or 20 mg/kg/day suspension in four divided doses up to a maximum of 500 mg/day; n = 175) were compared in the treatment of group A beta-haemolytic streptococcal (GABHS) pharyngitis and tonsillitis. Post-therapy clinical responses were similar for evaluable patients in both treatment groups: 97.4% of the loracarbef group (101/115 patients cured and 11/115 improved) and 96.0% of the penicillin group (101/124 patients cured and 18/124 improved). A statistically significant difference in the pathogen elimination rate was noted between treatment groups: post-therapy throat cultures were negative for GABHS in 94.8% (109/115) of loracarbef-treated patients compared with 87.1% (108/124) of penicillin-treated patients (p = 0.040). Loracarbef and penicillin V were comparable in terms of safety. Headache and nausea/vomiting were the most common events reported during therapy (nausea/vomiting were slightly less common in the loracarbef group). Three patients in each group were discontinued from the study due to drug-related adverse events; one due to rash in the loracarbef group and one due to rash and one due to vomiting in the penicillin group. These data support the conclusion that loracarbef twice daily is more effective in eradicating GABHS than penicillin V four times daily, and the two drugs are comparable in safety and clinical efficacy in the treatment of GABHS pharyngitis and tonsillitis.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The clinical and parasitological presentation of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Uganda is unaffected by HIV-1 infection.

The relation between Plasmodium falciparum malaria and symptomatic human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) infection was investigated in paediatric and adult patients in Kampala, Uganda, from 1987 to 1989. Both infections contributed largely to hospital morbidity. Of 1527 clinically suspicious in-patients, 61% were positive for HIV-1 infection. 52% of patients with positive HIV-1 serology fulfilled the World Health Organization clinical case definition for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in Africa. No association could be found between HIV-1 infection and malaria either in paediatrics or in adults. P. falciparum parasitaemia was present in 18% of all patients and no differences in prevalence of malaria infection or in parasite density could be demonstrated between HIV-1 positive and HIV-1 negative patients. The comparison of clinical symptoms showed typical differences in AIDS-related morbidity but no difference in malaria-specific morbidity. Also, the response to malaria treatment was the same in HIV-1 positive and HIV-1 negative patients. P. falciparum malaria does not appear to act as an opportunistic agent in AIDS patients in Uganda.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of a prototype long-lasting insecticide-treated mosquito net under field conditions in rural Burkina Faso.

Insecticide measurements and standard World Health Organization bioassays on random samples of new unwashed, traditionally washed and up to 18 months field-used 'long-lasting' deltamethrin treated mosquito nets demonstrated a rapid reduction of efficacy under field conditions. The technology of 'long-lasting' insecticide-treatment needs much improvement.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Quantification of position-related errors in measurement of antetorsion of the femur with computerized tomography--introduction of a method for positional correction].

OBJECTIVE: To quantify the influence of patient positioning on the determination of collodiaphyseal (CCD) angle and femoral neck anteversion based on computed tomography. Description of a method for positional correction. METHODS: We evaluated the CT scans of 84 femora from 77 patients, who received individually adapted prostheses. Projected as well as real anteversion and CCD angles were determined and corrected for positioning errors using a newly proposed mathematical method, and compared to other evaluation methods. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: We determined an average tilt of 4.2 degrees in the sagittal and of 9 degrees in the coronary plane, which correlated definitely with the deviations found in the graphical determination of the projected anteversion angle. This produced measurement errors of the projected anteversion angle of up to 10 degrees. Mathematically independent angles, such as projected anteversion and real CCD angle, showed only a weak correlation. This indicates also an anatomical independence of these angles.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Measurement of gravity line position 15-25 years after Harrington-spondylodesis in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis].

AIM: A prospective analysis was performed to evaluate the relation between sagittal spinal morphology, gravity line position and morphological parameters of the pelvis and lumbar spine. METHOD: 25 patients with a mean follow-up of 23 (15-37) years after thoracic Harrington distraction spondylodesis were included. Standing lateral full spine radiographs were performed while patients were standing on a force plate. Pelvic angles according to Duval-Beaupere were measured. RESULTS: Pelvic incidence varied from 30 degrees to 76 degrees (mean 52.1 degrees + 12.5 degrees ). Mean sacral slope was 36.4 degrees (+ 7.8 degrees ). The average thoracic kyphosis (23.6 degrees + 14.3 degrees ) and lumbar lordosis (36.4 degrees + 9.2 degrees ) were diminished. The gravity line position was on average 10.9 mm (+ 21.6mm) posterior to the center of the femoral heads. CONCLUSION: Our method quantifies the relationship between the gravity line position and pelvic parameters according to Duval-Beaupere. The homogenous study group of patients with AIS after Harrington spondylodesis is characterized by decreased lumbar and thoracic profile and posterior displacement of the gravity line position.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Quantification and visualization of the influence of pelvic tilt upon measurement of acetabular inclination and anteversion].

AIM: The indication of acetabular inclination and anteversion not only depends on definition but also on a correctly aligned patient. Determination of anteversion and inclination according to Sven-Johannsson and Visser were simulated with 3D calculations. The influence of pelvic tilt in relation to the frontal plane was evaluated and visualized. METHOD: With 3D calculations of planar X-ray photographs for artificial hip cups the normal vector of the acetabular cup was used to calculate anteversion and inclination. RESULTS: The main axis of the projected acetabular rim is equally suited to determine the cup orientation as the normal vector of the cup plane. Pelvic tilt of about 10 degrees causes measuring errors of about 8 degrees when measured with conventionally used techniques. CONCLUSION: For the correct determination of cup orientation pelvic tilt in relation to the frontal plane has to be accounted for.

Acetabulum↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Prediction of the location of the centre of rotation of the hip joint external landmarks].

AIM: The object of this study was to develop a new method to predict the location of the centre of rotation of the hip joint reasonably accurately. METHOD: We collected the coordinates of palpable bony landmarks in 50 patients, 25 males and 25 females, using CT scans to predict the physiological location of the centre of the hip joint centre. RESULTS: The centre of the hip was located, on average, at 12% (+/- 2.9) of the inter-ASIS (anterior superior iliac spine) distance medial, 33% (+/- 3.9) distal and 19% (+/- 2.7) posterior to the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS). CONCLUSION: Knowledge of the physiological centre of rotation of the hip may be useful in navigation of the cup in total hip arthroplasty.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Absolute beta-catenin concentrations in Wnt pathway-stimulated and non-stimulated cells.

The intracellular level of the proto-oncoprotein beta-catenin is a parameter for the activity of the Wnt pathway, which has been linked to carcinogenesis. The paper introduces a novel sandwich-based ELISA for the determination of the beta-catenin concentration in lysates from cells or tissues. The advantages of the method were proven by determining beta-catenin levels in cell lines and in cells after activation of the Wnt pathway. Analysis revealed high beta-catenin concentrations in the cell lines HeLa, KB, HT1080, MCF-7, U-87 and U-373, which had not been described before. Beta-catenin concentrations were compared in HEK293 and C57MG cells after activation of the Wnt pathway. The beta-catenin concentrations increased by different factors depending on whether the Wnt pathway was activated by incubation with LiCl or with Wnt-3a-conditioned medium. This finding indicated that the beta-catenin level depends on the way and level of Wnt pathway activation. The quantitative analysis of beta-catenin in colorectal tumours revealed high beta-catenin levels in tumours with truncating mutations in the APC gene.

Cell Line↗