Topically applied pentoxifylline has no effect on allergic patch responses.
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Administration, Cutaneous↗
Biomedical subjects
O Maurer
Publications and source records attributed to O Maurer.
Six-month overnight administration of intraperitoneal amino acids does not improve lean mass.
UNLABELLED: Intraperitoneal administration of 1% amino acid dialysis solution in patients on continuous peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) is associated with improvement in plasma amino acid concentrations and inconsistent results with respect to nitrogen balance. Whether alteration(s) in lean mass and body fat distribution also occur remains controversial. Therefore 18 patients (P), on CAPD for at least 6 months, were assigned in a prospective and controlled fashion to receive overnight either a 1% amino acid (AA-P) or a 1.36% glucose (Glu-P) containing dialysis solution. Body composition was investigated using whole body dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (Hologic QDR 1000/W). In P receiving glucose (n = 9), total body fat mass increased (+1.0 +/- 0.4 kg, mean +/- SEM, p < 0.03), whereas in patients on amino acids (n = 9), it decreased (-0.6 +/- 0.3, p < 0.02). This decrease in fat mass in AA-P was attributable to a decrease in upper body fat (-0.6 +/- 0.2, p < 0.02), whereas in Glu-P, it increased (+0.9 +/- 0.03, p < 0.03). No change in lower body fat was observed in either group. Total body lean mass remained similar in both groups during the six months of study (AA-P: 46.6 +/- 2.9 kg vs 47.0 +/- 3.0 kg, Glu-P 50.8 +/- 3.2 vs 50.1 +/- 2.2 kg baseline vs 6 months, respectively). In AA-P plasma urea concentrations increased from 25 +/- 2 to 34 +/- 3 mmol/l (p < 0.05), whereas plasma bicarbonate concentrations were similar before and after 6 months of therapy in either group. Plasma albumin and transferrin concentrations did not change in either group. Protein catabolic rate increased in AA-P (p < 0.01), whereas K x t/V did not change as a consequence of either therapy. CONCLUSION: Reduction in the amount of glucose in the peritoneal dialysate and the addition of amino acids decreases, whereas continuous dialysis with overnight glucose increases upper body fat over a 6-month period. However, no changes in protein stores were observed with the addition of amino acids. Therefore overnight peritoneal dialysis with amino acids offers minor advantages to protein-malnourished patients on CAPD, but may be of benefit in overweight CAPD patients.
Absorptiometry, Photon↗
High haemodialysis clearance of ornidazole in the presence of a negligible renal clearance.
The pharmacokinetics of ornidazole was studied in 6 patients treated by haemodialysis and in 8 subjects with a creatinine clearance between 4 and 99 ml/min x 1.73 m2. Blood and urine collections were performed for 72 h after i.v. and oral administration of 1.0 g ornidazole. Total body clearance, half-life, volume of distribution and systemic availability were independent of renal function and did not differ from previously reported values in normal volunteers. The haemodialysis clearance of ornidazole was greater than 100% higher than the total body clearance. The renal clearance of ornidazole accounted for less than 7% of the total body clearance. The percentage of the dose of ornidazole recovered in urine as parent compound or as the biologically active metabolites [alpha-(chloromethyl)-2 hydroxymethyl-5 nitroimidazole-1 ethanol and 3-(2 methyl-5 nitroimidazole-1-yl)1,2 propanediol] decreased linearly with decreasing renal function. Although the sum of those three compounds recovered in urine accounted for less than 10% of the total dose of ornidazole administered, they yielded therapeutic concentrations (greater than 4 micrograms/ml) in urine over 24 h after dosing. Due to the peculiar pharmacokinetic behaviour of ornidazole, i.e. high haemodialysis clearance in the absence of significant renal clearance, no dosage adjustment is necessary while renal function declines, but an increased dose is mandatory while patients are on dialysis.
Administration, Oral↗