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O N Efimov

Publications and source records attributed to O N Efimov.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

[Cancer of the proximal section of the stomach: the standards of surgical treatment based on 30 years of experience].

Cancer of the GE-junction is a highly malignant tumor with early lymphatic metastasis to the lymph nodes both in the abdomen and mediastenum. At surgery, lymph nodal metastasis is revealed in nearly 80% of cases. At present, surgical treatment with extended lymph node dissection is the "golden standard". Over 30-year experience in surgically treating GE-junction tumors in 1209 patients at the Thoracoabdominal Department, Russian Cancer Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, support the view that extended procedures are superior to standard procedures. Radical procedures were made in 956 of the 1209 patients. These included subtotal proximal gastrectomies in 54.2% of cases, transpleural gastrectomies with esophageal resection in 42.4%, and Ivor-Lewis type procedures in 3.4%. In cases with extended lymph nodal dissection, five-year survival was superior to the results of standard procedures: 32.8 +/- 6.0 and 22.6 +/- 2.8%, respectively (t = 1.8). These figures obviously testify that extended and combined procedures with extended lymph nodal dissection make it possible to stage of a primary tumor and to improve long-term survival.

Digestive System Surgical Procedures↗
PubMed1991

[Experience in the use of the AKA-2 device in the formation of esophago-intestinal anastomosis].

Two techniques of the compressive anastomosis formation were used. At the early postoperative period, there were no complications. Three months after the operation, 4 patients were examined. In 1, the cicatricial anastomotic stenosis, caused by the errors in technique of the anastomosis creation, was revealed. In the remaining 3 patients, there were no impairment in healing of an anastomosis. In 9 patients, in formation of an anastomosis, all the layers of the intestinal wall and only mucous membrane of the esophagus were stitched. No impairment in anastomotic healing was noted. Of the 16 patients operated on with the use of the AKA-2 apparatus (in all the cases, the compressing rings with a small diameter--20 mm were used), 1 died at day 4 after the operation from ischemic insult of the brain.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed1990

[Endoscopic laser recanalization in the chemo- and radiotherapy of stenosing cancer of the esophagus].

The authors analyze the results of endoscopic laser recanalization in 11 patients with stenosing esophageal carcinoma, whose mean age is 61 years. The tumor was located in the upper thoracic portion of the esophagus in 3 patients, in the middle thoracic portion in 6, and in the lower thoracic portion in 2 patients. The diagnosis of carcinoma was morphologically verified. The length of the esophagus involvement was estimated by x-ray data and varied from 5 to 12 cm and longer. Endophytic form predominated--it was diagnosed in 5 patients. The technique of endoscopic laser recanalization by means of Raduga-1 unit with neodymium alumo-yttrium garnet laser as the source of irradiation is described. The method was specified with consideration for the type of tumor growth. The patients were kept on parenteral nutrition during the treatment session. Three-five days after endoscopic laser destruction long-distance open-field gamma-beam therapy was administered to 10 patients and polychemotherapy to 9 of these. After laser destruction dilatation of the stenosed portion of the esophagus from 0.2-0.6 to 1.0-2.0 cm was recorded in 10 patients. Complete regression of the tumor resultant from laser destruction and chemoradiotherapy was achieved in 5 patients, partial regression in the rest 5. The patients were followed up for 5-12 months. No recurrences were recorded in patients with complete regression of the tumor; the process progressed in 3 cases with partial regression. Studies on improvement of recanalization technique, specification of indications for and contraindications against this treatment modality are in progress.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[Diagnostic and therapeutic tactics in gastric polyps].

During examination and dynamic endoscopic follow-up of 151 patients suffering from polyps of the stomach of various histological structure with various degree of epithelial dysplasia or without it, different types of treatment were undertaken in 61 patients. The results of the treatment are analysed, the efficacy of different methods of biopsy of polypoid structures and alternative methods of treatment of patients with benign and malignant polyps are evaluated, and the recognition of endoscopic polypectomy as a diagnostic and therapeutic intervention is substantiated.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1989

[Epithelial dysplasia and cancer of the stomach].

Relationships between chronic gastric diseases and gastric cancer are discussed. Mucosal epithelial dysplasia may be regarded as the most reliable sign of increased risk of gastric cancer. Endoscopy with biopsy is the principal method for the assessment of the dysplasia-cancer relationship. A retrospective study of histologic preparations and smear imprints from gastric biopsy specimens and operative samples, obtained from 292 patients with chronic gastritis, gastric ulcers, gastric polyps and polyposis, and conditions following gastric resection for nontumorous diseases and cancer (group 1) and 80 patients with verified gastric cancer (group 2), is reported. In both groups, there was mucosal dysplasia of varying markedness. Endoscopic monitoring revealed gastric cancer in 48 first-group patients. Gastric cancer, combined with dysplasia, was detected in 128 patients from both groups, its early stages, in 37 of those. Convincing evidence in favor of a relationship between dysplasia and cancer is presented.

Epithelium↗
PubMed1989

[The probability of malignant degeneration of stomach polyps].

A retrospective analysis of the endoscopic diagnostic data on 151 cases of gastric polyps of various histological structure was carried out. A relationship between the risk of malignant transformation of gastric polyps, on the one hand, and their histology, presence and degree of dysplasia, on the other, was established. Epithelial dysplasia, in pronounced degree included, was observed in 33.7% of patients with hyperplastic polyps and in all cases of gastric adenoma. Epithelial dysplasia of hyperplastic polyps was mild or moderate in most cases while that of adenomatous polyps was moderate or grave. Gastric cancer as a consequence of malignant transformation of polyps was detected in 15 (9.9%) patients (hyperplastic polyps--2; adenomatous polyps--13). No objective endoscopic criteria for establishing the risk of polyp transformation were developed. Grave epithelial dysplasia, i.e. precancerous lesions in the gastric mucosa, may be suggested as such criterion. Moderate or grave dysplasia of the polyp epithelium should be considered in forming the group at risk first and foremost.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1988

[Enhancement of the information value of kidney scintigraphy using 99m Tc-DMSA].

A method of high frequency image filtration improving the quality of imaging, and more precise renometry with measurement of the total count and the level of RP kidney accumulation were used for raising the informative value of the results of renal scintigraphy with 99m Tc-DMSA. 54 patients with unilateral pyelonephritis, 46--with bilateral pyelonephritis, 15--with nephroptosis, and 10 healthy persons were examined. Informative values were calculated on the basis of the results of these investigations. The sensitivity of routine renometry was 0.88, its specificity--0.27 and precision--0.78; the same indices for routine static scintigraphy were 0.88; 0.4 and 0.84; for modified renal investigations--0.98; 0.77 and 0.96, respectively. The results of the investigations have shown that the use of scintigraphy with improved quality of kidney images in parallel with modified renometry raises the informative value of renal studies with 99m Tc-DMSA and precision of diagnosis of renal parenchymal lesions.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1988

[The role of endoscopic study in the diagnosis of precancerous gastric pathology and identification of a risk group].

The results of endoscopic diagnosis and case follow-up of 686 patients with precancerous gastric conditions usually identified as a risk group (chronic gastritis, polyps, peptic ulcer, conditions following distal stomach resections) have shown that in patients with symptoms of epithelial dysplasia of gastric mucosa indices of cancer detectability significantly exceeded those in similar pathological conditions without symptoms of epithelial dysplasia. They were 22.0 +/- 2.5% and 2.5 +/- 0.8%, respectively; indices of stage I stomach cancer detectability were 9.9 +/- 1.8% and 0.2 +/- 0.2%, respectively. Patients with precancerous stomach diseases with moderate and severe epithelial dysplasia found in their gastric biopsies, should be attributed to a risk group, and these changes of gastric mucosa must be regarded as the main criterion for the identification of such a group.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1984

[Use of nonhazardous laser radiation for treating the complications of patients undergoing radical surgery for esophageal and stomach cancer].

Helium-neon laser irradiation of sparing intensity (fluence 1.5-2.0 x 10(3) W/m2) was given to 15 patients with erosive-ulcerous complications ( anastomositis , reflux-esophagitis and peptic ulcer of anastomosis) following radical surgery on the stomach. Irradiation was delivered via the optical fibre of the endoscope biopsy duct. A pronounced analgetic effect of laser irradiation was observed. In 2 cases, peptic ulcers of anastomoses became completely covered with epithelium. The same effect was obtained in 11 out of 13 cases of erosive reflux-esophagitis.

Esophageal Diseases↗
PubMed1980

[State of the urinary organs after combined radiation therapy of cervical cancer using the Agat-B tube apparatus].

The state of urinary organs was examined in 126 patients when using for an associated radiotherapy of cervical cancer a high-dose-rate pipe apparatus "Agat-B" together with moving distant gamma-therapy. Early radiation cystitis was noted in 31 (24.6%) patients, which was not the cause of development of late radiation injuries. Late radiation catarrhal cystitis was revealed in 26 (21.7%) patients, ulcerous--in 17 (13.8%), during the first year radiation cystitis being noted in 12 (11.2%) patients, following two years--in 21 (22.6%), following three years--in 11 (14.5%) among the examined patients. Reduced functioning in the upper urinary tract more frequently occurred during the first year after the therapy, as noted in 50 (59.6%) patients. No increase was found in the number of complications on the part of urinary organs while employing this method of associated radiotherapy compared with other technics.

Brachytherapy↗