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Biomedical subjects

O N Larina

Publications and source records attributed to O N Larina.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

[Population genetic study of Russian cosmonauts and test subjects: genetic demographic parameters and immunogenetic markers].

Genetic demographic characteristics and immunogenetic markers (blood groups ABO, Rhesus, MNSs, P, Duffy, Kidd, and Kell) have been studied in a group of 132 Russian cosmonauts and test subjects (CTSG). Analysis of pedigrees has shown a high exogamy in the preceding generations: almost half of the subjects have mixed ethnic background. According to the results of genetic demographic analysis, a sample from the Moscow population was used as control group (CG). Comparison between the CTSG and CG has demonstrated significant differences in genotype frequencies for several blood group systems. The CTSG is characterized by a decreased proportion of rare interlocus genotypic combinations and an increased man heterozygosity. Analysis of the distributions of individual heterozygosity for loci with codominant expression of alleles has shown that highly heterozygous loci are more frequent in the CTSG. Taking into account that the CTSG has been thoroughly selected from the general population, it is concluded that heterozygosity is related to successful adaptation to a space flight.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed2002

[Growth of three-dimensional complexes of living cells in the process of rotational cultivation].

Unlike the monolayer cultures, three-dimensional (multilayer) cultures of living cells make it possible to more closely imitate events occurring in native tissues. Rotating cultivators for three-dimensional cultures create analogous conditions of reduced gravity and, therefore, can be used in ground-based investigations of the biological effects of space flight. We have designed a disposable cultivation cell with diffused gas exchange and a device to rotate the cell at a controlled speed about the horizontal axis. Immortalized CH-fibroblasts were attached to a glass carrier pretreated with polylysine. Cultivation was performed for 2-3 days at 8 rot./min. A rapid growth of three-dimensional cell complexes was observed during the cultivation. The investigation demonstrated that multilayer cultures of immortalized CH-fibroblasts represent a convenient model for studies in cell biology and development of technologies of growing d-dimensional living cell complexes as a source of implants from autologic cells (including stem cells) thus resolving the problem of donator materials.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Three-dimensional (3-D) structures formed by immortalized human fibroblast cells in simulated microgravity.

3-D structures were obtained at rotatory cultivation of CH immortalyzed human fibroblasts attached to glass microcarrier beads. The morphology of cells from these cultures was studied by scanning electron microscopy. A number of structural alterations in fibrillar filopodia of CH cells were revealed as compared with cells grown in stationary monolayer cultures, namely, smaller length, uneven caliber, the presence of curvatures, and disturbed branching pattern. Filopodia displayed unusual formations: protuberance-like and "mammoth's tusk"-like off-shoots, foamy spreadings in distal segments, and spiral windings of filopodia. The susceptibility of CH cells morphology to mechanical environment makes them a promising model for gravitational biology studies.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1999

[Therapeutic effectiveness of histaglobin preparations in patients with allergic rhinitis and chronic urticaria].

AIM: To evaluate therapeutic effects of histaglobin drugs (histaglobin and histaglobin-triplex) in patients with continuous allergic rhinitis (CAR) and chronic recurrent (idiopathic) urticaria (CRU). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The drugs were given to 45 patients with CAR and high sensitivity to household allergens confirmed by cutaneous diagnostic tests or high IgE level, and 40 patients with CRU with typical cutaneous lesions. The drugs were injected subcutaneously (a total of 6 injections, 2 ml of solution each) with the interval 2-3 or 3-4 days. Histaglobin was given as 12 mg of normal human immunoglobulin + 0.00015 mg of histamine dihydrochloride. Histamine-triplex as 36 mg of immunoglobulin + 0.00045 mg of histamine dihydrochloride. The treatment was repeated in a months (3 injections). Clinical response was assessed in scores by the scale of clinical symptoms. RESULTS: Histaglobin relieved symptoms of CAR (from 7.34 +/- 0.095 to 1.7 +/- 0.04 scores on the treatment day 28, p < 0.01). After the repeated course CAR symptoms attenuated to 1.6 +/- 0.057 scores). Extranasal symptoms significantly reduced too. Excellent and good results were achieved in 80% of the patients. Positive results were also obtained in 82.5% of CRU patients. Tolerance of histaglobin and histaglobin-triplex was good. CONCLUSION: In the tested regimen, both histaglobin and histaglobin-triplex proved effective in CAR and CRU when routine treatment failed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[Biological techniques in space].

The review is dedicated to the biotechnological studies in space. The main directions of studies in the space biotechnology are the developments of life support systems, crystallogenesis of biological macromolecules, separation of proteins and cells with the help of electrophoresis as well as the studies of cellular, subcellular and molecular processes induced by the spaceflight factors effect. The experience gained in the cultivation of unicellular organisms, the selection of perspective species and strains of microorganisms, the use of them in the ecological life-support system under development is considered in detail. The development of tooling designed for performing the overall technological chain ranged from growing the cell cultures to isolating the individual macromolecules and their storage has been followed. Findings gained in the studies of the transmittance of genetic material in the microorganisms allow one to hope that in perspective the microgravity conditions will be capable of cultivating the highly effective strains of the producers.

Aerospace Medicine↗
PubMed1997

[Effect of 135 days human stay in chamber on the composition of electrophoretic fraction and levels of some individual plasma proteins].

The investigation was performed with three test-subjects who were locked in a chamber with simulated spaceflight environment for 135 days. Samples of venous plasma were collected to determine concentrations of total protein, total cholesterol (TCh), cholesterol of high density lipoproteins (HDLP), alpha 1-inhibitor of proteolysis (alpha 1-Pl), alpha 2-microglobulin (alpha 2 M), and haptoglobin (Hp). Concentrations of cholesterol of low density lipoproteins (Ch LDLP) and HDLP-LDLP ratio were calculated. Relative content of electrophoretic fractions of alpha 1- and alpha 2-globulins and a qualitative pattern of electrophoretic separation of lipoproteins were also determined. Data from the investigation showed significant decreases in alpha 1-Pl, alpha 2-M, Hp, and the alpha 2-globulin fraction that could be consequent to suppression of protein synthesis in the liver. Considering that at some points in the investigation concentrations of proteolysis-inhibiting and regulating alpha 1-Pl and alpha 2-M dropped to or went beyond the bottom margin of the norm, these effects have physiological implications. On days 2 and 7 after exit from the chamber, a weak acute-phase reaction was apparently linked with the emotional stress. Two test-subjects had chronologically differing periods of elevated TCh and Ch HDLP. Yet, the HDLP-LDLP ratios have never left boundaries of the physiological norm.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1996

[Assessment of the risk factors for urolithiasis in cosmonauts during long flights].

Twelve cosmonauts flown aboard the Mir orbital station for 6-12 months and twelve candidates for cosmonauts were examined in an effort to determine a degree of urolithiasis risk. Prior to flight, on flight day 310 (in one cosmonaut) and after flight, the daily urinary excretion of the components influencing lithiasis formation was determined as well as a computer-aided calculation of urine saturation by lithogenic salts was performed (Ch. Pak, USA). In the in- and postflight periods, the greater number of indices under study were negatively changed in cosmonauts. Excretion dynamics of the lithogenesis inhibitors, i.e., citrates and magnesium, is of polar directionality. Frequency of deviations from the normal indices of urolithic risk in cosmonauts is primarily conditioned by low diuresis, urine supersaturation with calcium oxalate, undissociated uric acid, brushit, hypercalciuria, and changed pH.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1993

[Role of lectins in allergic reactivity].

Skin reaction on phytohemagglutinin in healthy people and in patients with allergic bronchial asthma before and after specific hyposensitization has been studied. The attempt to determine interrelations between the skin sensitivity to phytohemagglutinin and some immunity indexes and to explain several links of lectins' action mechanisms during allergic processes have been made.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Protein composition in human plasma after long-term orbital missions and in rodent plasma after spaceflights on biosatellites "Cosmos-1887" and "Cosmos-2044".

The two-dimensional plasma protein map of crewmembers of long-duration "Mir" expeditions obtained the day after the recovery shows a manifold increase in the content of several proteins normally seen in trace amounts. The emergence of several unusual protein spots occurs as well, some of them probably due to charge shifts provided by the events influencing posttranslational modification processes. By the 8 postflight day these phenomena were disappeared. In the "Cosmos-1887" biosatellite experiment, the plasma samples obtained two days after the landing as well as plasma of synchronous animals exhibited the higher fibrinogen levels when compared to those of vivarium animals. The protein consisting of a number of fractions with molecular weight of 50 to 60 kD and pI 5 to 6 had protein spots of similar size in flight and synchronous animals while in vivarium rats one of the spots was larger in size as opposed to the others. The plasma protein spectrum of flight and synchronous groups of animals in "Cosmos-1887" experiment where plasma samples were prepared in the period of time from 5 to 10 hours after spaceflight coincided with the pattern of vivarium animals. The data suggest that the protein changes described above develop during postflight period and accelerations, vibrations, readaptation to 1 G gravity, emotional stress could be the cause of these alterations.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Metabolism in cosmonauts: the results of biochemical research on the blood of the crew members of the 7 prime expeditions on the Mir orbital space complex].

The pre- and postflight biochemical analyses of the blood of 16 cosmonauts flown aboard Mir orbital station over 125-366 days revealed the changes in carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism being in line with the present-day ideas about the space flight effects on the human metabolism. A particular individual pattern of the responses and the absence of correlation with flight duration of space expeditions ranging from 4 months to a 1 year, are noted.

Blood↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The protein composition of the blood plasma of cosmonauts after prolonged orbital flights].

The method of two-dimensional electrophoresis was used to determine the protein composition of blood plasma in the cosmonauts stayed on board Mir station over 166 and 366 days. Separation pattern of plasma protein observed next day after landing had several typical differences from the standard pattern of plasmatic proteins found during a preflight examination and on the 7th postflight day. The changes were an increase in intensity of specific protein spots as well as in occurrence of unusual protein spots.

Blood Protein Electrophoresis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Identification of individual genotype parameters, informative for medical care in piloted space missions: modern and future capabilities].

The factors of space flight provoke some negative shifts in crew health. Improvement of the methods of diagnostics, evaluation of predisposition to diseases and correction of functional deviations is within the scope of the crew medical operations personnel. It is also a new focus of biomedical research referred to as "personalized medicine" the corner stone of which is genetic analysis. Investigations in this area are prediscovery by character; population genetics seems to be the most adequate approach. The authors give examples of candidate genes the genotypes of which could be of significance to medical operations and discuss the genetic safety of space flight. Aside from the applied aspects, the genetic investigations of space crews are of their own concernment in understanding the genetic basis of differences in biological resistance to unhealthy environment.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Protein composition of blood serum and the products of nitrogen metabolism in humans during long-term hypokinesia].

Examination of 9 healthy young men exposed to antiorthostatic hypokinesia (-5 degrees) for 370 days revealed enhanced catabolic processes in the muscular tissue. This manifested as increases of creatinine in blood and urine as well as of the creatinine coefficient. The use of countermeasures prior to experimental day 170 helped to maintain the concentration of final nitrogen metabolites at the baseline level. The serum concentrations of total protein and protein fractions remained within the normal limits and varied in a phasic manner. We observed a decrease of the concentration of alpha 2-globulins, which indicates inhibition of the synthetic activity of the liver, and an increase of that of beta-globulins, which suggests an adverse effect of head-down tilt on lipid metabolism.

Adult↗