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Biomedical subjects

O Naesh

Publications and source records attributed to O Naesh.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Serotonin concentrations in plasma and variations during the menstrual cycle.

We used a specific and sensitive radioenzymatic method to establish a reference interval for the concentration of serotonin in platelet-poor plasma in 98 healthy volunteers (49 men, 49 women). The interval was 0-11 nmol/L with a median of 2.8 nmol/L. No difference in concentration in relation to sex or age was observed. In a group of eight very old volunteers (ages 86-92 years), however, concentrations were increased. In addition, we monitored the plasma concentrations of serotonin in 20 healthy women (ages 26-45 years) through two menstrual cycles. Periovulatory and premenstrual concentrations were greater than the serotonin concentration at the start of menstruation.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Effect of doxapram on postoperative pulmonary complications after upper abdominal surgery in high-risk patients.

In a double-blind randomised trial an infusion of doxapram, 2 mg per min for 6 h immediately after surgery and repeated on the first postoperative day, or the same volume of saline, was given to 39 patients who underwent upper abdominal surgery and who were at high risk of postoperative day, or the same volume of saline, was given to 39 patients who underwent upper abdominal surgery and who were at high risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. The patients were assessed pre-operatively and during the first 5 postoperative days by physical examination, spirometry, blood-gas analysis, and chest radiography. Postoperative pulmonary complications were defined as temperature over 38 degrees C for 2 days, abnormal auscultation, pathological radiography, and/or productive cough. Data from 16 patients per group were analysed. Significantly more patients in the placebo group had three criteria of postoperative pulmonary complication compared with the doxapram group (63% vs 19%). The doxapram group also had higher PaO2 postoperatively.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1990

Platelet responses to intravenous infusion of Intralipid in healthy volunteers.

Platelet function and morphology were studied in eight healthy male volunteers before, immediately after, and 1 d after the infusion of 250 mL of 10% Intralipid. The plasma concentrations of the platelet-release products beta-thromboglobulin (beta-TG), serotonin (5-HT), and platelet factor 4 (PF4) and the threshold to ADP- and adrenaline-induced aggregation were determined ex vivo. In addition the platelets were examined by electron microscopy. Although platelets released beta-TG, PF4, and 5-HT after the infusion, there was no significant change in ex vivo aggregability. About 3% of the platelets had internalized small-sized lipid particles (0.1-0.2 micron) whereas no other morphological changes were detected. The release products may negatively affect the hemorheological properties of the microcirculation in critically ill patients. The release of PF4 may explain the antiheparin effect of parenteral lipid therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Post-exercise platelet activation--aggregation and release in relation to dynamic exercise.

Relatively scarce information is found on the period immediately following physical stress, with special reference to human platelet activity. This, in connection with earlier observations of an increase in platelet release products and hyperaggregability following surgical stress, has initiated the present study. We studied platelet function in eight healthy non-mediated volunteers during and 1 h after cycle exercise of submaximal intensity. ADP-induced platelet aggregability was enhanced in the last minute of exercise followed by a decreased aggregability 1 h after. Adrenaline-induced platelet aggregation showed the same attenuation after exercise but no change during work. The release products beta-thromboglobulin and serotonin in plasma showed significant increases after exercise. This is taken as evidence of an enhanced platelet activity following exercise. A normal stress-response, measured as increase in cyclic AMP in plasma, was observed. In conclusion, platelets are activated following moderate exercise and it seems valid to include the post-exercise period in future studies.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed1990

Metoclopramide (Primperan) in the treatment of ureterolithiasis. A prospective double-blind study of metoclopramide compared with morphatropin on ureteral colic.

A prospective double-blind study was performed to compare metoclopramide (Primperan) with morphatropin in the treatment of ureteral colic. Twenty-one patients (10 in the morphatropin group and 11 in the metoclopramide group) entered the study and diagnosis was confirmed radiologically. Using the Mann-Whitney rank sum test, no significant difference was found in the pain-relieving effect 10, 20, or 30 min after treatment with either 1 ml morphatropin s.c. or 20 mg metoclopramide i.v. Two patients in the morphatropin group developed nausea and giddiness, respectively, and 1 patient from this group was omitted due to the development of urticaria. No side effects occurred in the metoclopramide group. Thus metoclopramide seems to be an alternative to the traditional treatment of ureteral colic with morphia.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1987

Platelet alpha-adrenoceptor function and aging.

The effect of aging on platelet alpha-adrenoceptor binding of 3H-dihydro-alpha-ergocryptine (3H-DHE) and alpha-adrenoceptor response expressed as cAMP decrease, after the addition of noradrenaline 10 microM to intact platelets in vitro were examined and correlated with adrenaline induced platelet aggregation in a group of twelve young volunteers (mean age 21 years), and twelve old volunteers (mean age 88 years). The binding by platelets of 3H-DHE was considerably higher in the young than in the old group (mean 292.70 +/- 40.79 and 167.90 +/- 18.30 fmol/mg protein respectively, p less than 0.02). The affinity (Kd) was also influenced with values of 1.49 +/- 0.21 in the young and 3.32 +/- 0.45 nM in the old, p less than 0.01). Stimulation of platelets with noradrenaline caused a greater decrement of cAMP in the old than in the young group (mean 4.44 +/- 0.87 as compared with 0.32 +/- 0.75 pmol/10(9) platelets. Platelet sensitivity to adrenaline, when expressed as aggregation increased in the old group. These data suggest that the enhanced sensitivity to adrenaline as observed in old people is not the result of increased alpha-adrenoreceptor number of affinity, but related to changes in the platelet membrane possibly not related to the alpha-adrenoceptors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Aging and platelet beta-adrenoceptor function.

Ten young volunteers (mean age 20 years) and ten elderly volunteers (mean age 89 years), including equal numbers of healthy men and women, were tested regarding adrenaline-induced platelet aggregation in vitro, platelet cyclic AMP content before and after beta-adrenoceptor stimulation with isoprenaline, as well as binding by platelet membranes of 125I-hydroxybenzylpindolol. In the aged patients there was a highly significant decrease in the concentration of adrenaline needed to produce irreversible platelet aggregation, as compared with the young. Platelet basal cyclic AMP content did not differ but the response to isoprenaline stimulation, expressed as the percentage rise of cyclic AMP content above the unstimulated level, was significantly decreased in the old subjects. The beta-adrenoceptor number was unchanged but the affinity decreased significantly in the old group. The data suggest that the increased aggregation response to adrenaline in old people could be due in part to a diminished functional capacity of the platelet beta-adrenoceptor.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Platelet function in surgical stress.

Ten patients for elective cholecystectomy were studied pre-, per-and postoperatively. All had neurolept anesthesia. Plasma concentrations of beta-TG, TXB2 and 5-HT and intraplatelet 5-HT were measured. Aggregation to ADP was recorded. Serum cortisol concentration was used as index of the stress response, showing peroperative increase and postoperative decrease. Closely related to this we observed a significant increase in P--beta-TG and P-TXB2 with postoperative normalization in 6 patients without complications. P--5-HT had a peak peroperatively and remained elevated postoperatively. A negative correlation between P--5-HT and decreasing intraplatelet 5-HT postoperatively was observed. High postoperative levels of P--5-HT seem to be related to low arterial PO2 and pulmonary dysfunction. In 3 patients with complications a second increase in P--beta-TG, P-TXB2 and partly in P--5-HT was found. Platelets were temporarily refractory to ADP immediately following surgery and showed increased aggregability postoperatively. We conclude that platelets are activated in surgical stress.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗