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Biomedical subjects

O Narkiewicz

Publications and source records attributed to O Narkiewicz.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Variability of the parahippocampal surface of the transverse fissure in the human brain.

The parahippocampal (ventral) surface of the lateral part of the transverse fissure (LTF), formed by the parahippocampal gyrus, was examined in 53 human brain hemispheres without pathological changes. Cytoarchitectonics of this region was studied on the frontal histological sections stained either with cresyl violet or with Weil method. Four types of the shape of the parahippocampal surface of LTF were distinguished. In type 1 the surface is either flat or elevated in its medial part (medial eminence; 34.0%). In type 2 the surface is elevated in its lateral part (lateral eminence, 24.5%). In type 3 there are two eminences--the lateral and the medial; both of similar height (20.8%). In type 4 the lateral eminence is distinctly higher than the medial one (20.7%). The eminences contain cytoarchitectonically different structures. The lateral eminence is formed mainly by the subiculum and CA1 area, the medial by the presubicular region. The shape of the parahippocampal surface of LTF may be of importance in assessment of the Alzheimer's disease pathology.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

The second layer neurones of the entorhinal cortex and the perforant path in physiological ageing and Alzheimer's disease.

The hippocampal formation was studied in 5 brains of younger (29 to 52 years of age) and 6 brains of elderly (61 to 89 years of age) subjects without signs of dementia, as well as in 11 brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease (65 to 91 years of age). The 8-microns-thick sections were stained either with cresyl violet, Weil method or with immunocytochemical methods for amyloid (4G8) and neurofibrillary tangles (Tau-1). Cell bodies, senile plaques and tangles were counted in all brains. In brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease a significant neuronal loss (about 56%) was observed in the second layer of the entorhinal cortex. The tangles/neurones ratio was very high (62.79.1%) in this layer. A great number of senile plaques were present in the whole hippocampal formation, especially in the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus (22.91.5 plaques/mm2) which is the termination zone of the perforant path. It seems therefore, that pathological alterations in Alzheimer's disease disrupt the main input to the hippocampal formation. In "physiological" ageing we did not observe changes in the density of neurones, although single tangles and plaques were found in all hippocampal areas. In elderly individuals 3.81.3% of neurones of the second layer revealed neurofibrillary pathology; a few plaques were found in various areas of the hippocampal formation. These observations may suggest only a slight decrease in number of neurones in the hippocampal formation. However, these changes cause a slight impairment of memory and learning often found in elderly individuals without dementia.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Lateral tuberal nucleus in man and macaca comparative morphometric investigations.

Cytoarchitectonics of the lateral tuberal nucleus--a phylogenetically new hypothalamic structure--was investigated using morphometric methods. The most characteristic feature of the human lateral tuberal nucleus is an extremely great variability of its shape and segmentation. The lateral tuberal nucleus consists mostly of several separated neuronal groups; in each brain the arrangement of these groups is different. In macaca the lateral tuberal nucleus is a single elongated neuronal structure much less variable than in man. The human LTN is approximately ten times larger than that in macaca, but the number of neurons is only about four times higher due to a lower neuronal density. The lateral tuberal nucleus both of man and macaca is a homogenous neuronal population with a very low coefficient of variability of cross-section neuronal area (30% and 24% respectively). The size of neuronal bodies in the lateral tuberal nucleus is about 42% smaller in macaca than in man. However, the size of neuronal nuclei is slightly (15%) bigger and the nucleus/cell body area ratio is about twice as high in macaca as that in man (40% and 21% respectively).

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Neuronal loss in the human claustrum following ulegyria.

The claustrum is a large subcortical structure that in animals possesses extensive connections with almost all regions of the cerebral cortex. Because there are no data that support the presence of claustrocortical connections in human brain, the main aims of the present study were to confirm the existence of these connections in the human brain. Five control brains and nine brains with bilateral and large ulegyria were studied. Severe neuronal loss in the anterior part of the claustrum was observed after pathological lesions that involved the frontal cortex. Pathological changes localized in the parietal and occipital cortices caused neuronal loss in the central and posterior part of the human claustrum. These findings suggest that the human claustrum is dependent on the neocortex and that, as in animals, it possesses extensive connections with the cerebral cortex that are topographically organized. The anterior part of the claustrum is connected with the frontal cortex, and the central and posterior parts with the parietal and occipital cortices.

Basal Ganglia↗
PubMed1993

Dilatation of the lateral part of the transverse fissure of the brain in Alzheimer's disease.

Post-mortem MRI (magnetic resonance images) studies followed by histopathological examination were used to study the size and the shape of the lateral part of the transverse fissure of the brain in seven individuals with Alzheimer disease (AD) and five controls. In control brains, the lateral part of the transverse fissure is a narrow cleft protruding laterally as choroid and hippocampal recesses. In AD-affected brains, the lateral part of the transverse fissure becomes a large subarachnoid space as a result of different degrees of atrophy of various hippocampal and parahippocampal structures. Our findings directly indicate the relationship between changes in the hippocampal and parahippocampal structures and the size of the lateral part of the transverse fissure. Sector CA1, the subiculum, the entorhinal cortex, and the parahippocampal isocortex are the most affected, whereas the dentate gyrus is much less affected. Adjacent thalamic structures, which are less vulnerable to the AD pathology, do not appear to contribute to transverse fissure changes. The size and the shape of the lateral part of the transverse fissure of the brain in AD reflect the atrophy of the hippocampus and parahippocampal structures.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

The pathology of the claustrum in Galloway syndrome indicates the existence of claustro-entorhinal pathway.

The morphology of the claustrum in Galloway syndrome was investigated. Galloway syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disease that causes microcephaly and is associated with kidney pathology. The brain examined was small, and the external surface of the hemispheres was lissencephalic, with an abnormal gyrification pattern. The whole cerebral cortex showed severe pathological changes, but the most affected area was the cortex lying on the medial aspect of the temporal lobe, especially the entorhinal cortex. In addition, the paraamygdalar and temporal parts of the claustrum were intensively changed. These results may confirm the opinion that the claustrum is a cortico-dependent structure and that the limbic cortex receives large projection from its ventral parts.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1992

Cytoarchitectonics of the nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract in the rat.

The cytoarchitectonics of the nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract (NLOT) was studied on Nissl stained sections in 6 brains of adult Wistar rats by using morphometric methods. The neuronal density of layer III (11,866 +/- 547 mm-3) is on average about three times smaller than that of layer II (30,947 +/- 1110 mm-3). The average cross-section area of neurons in layer III (254.3 +/- 3.8 microns2) is about twice as large as that of neurons in layer II (115.8 +/- 0.8 microns2). The layer II is rather homogenous in contrast to layer III which possesses neurons of various size. Other morphometric parameters of layer II and III are also different.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Relation of the insular claustrum to the neocortex in Insectivora.

The claustra of 9 species of Insectivora (Sorex araneus, Sorex minutus, Tenrec ecaudatus, Solenodon paradoxus, Neomys fodiens, Erinaceus europaeus, Talpa europaea, Desmana moschata, Potamogale velox) were investigated. In all examined animals we found two parts of the insular claustrum: the main part called by us the pars principalis and more medially situated lamina profunda claustri. In the "basal" Insectivora the main part is in close contact with the layer VIa of the neocortex. In some more developed "basal" and in all "progressive" Insectivora the area capsularis appears. Dorsolaterally it separates the main part of the insular claustrum from the neocortex and possesses, besides neurons, also numerous fibers of the extreme capsule. The above data strongly suggest that in the phylogenesis the insular claustrum originates from the cortex from which it gets separated by the extreme capsule. Lamina profunda claustri is rather a narrow band of neurons situated on the medial side of the pars principalis and mostly separated from it by a thin lamina of white substance. Lamina profunda is continuous with the layer VIb of the neocortex.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Nucleus limitans thalami--comparative anatomical study.

Cyto- and myeloarchitectonics as well as acetylcholinesterase activity of the nucleus limitans thalami--an important part of the nociceptive system--were studied in insectivora (Sorex araneus, Erinaceus europaeus, Talpa europaeus), rat, rabbit, cat, monkey and man. Our results suggest that nucleus limitans is phylogenetically a rather new structure. In insectivora and in the rat we could not find any evident group of neurons resembling nucleus limitans. In the rabbit and cat nucleus limitans is composed of few layers of elongated cells. In macaca and man it is a larger, more complicated structure possessing various types of neurons, and arranged into many layers.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1987

Projections from the pretectothalamic border area to the somatosensory part of the claustrum: an autoradiographic study.

Injections of tritiated amino acid into the pretectothalamic border area of cats resulted in the appearance of numerous silver grains in the ipsilateral claustrum. The accumulation of grains was especially abundant in the dorsomedial area of the central part of the claustrum. These results indicate the presence of substantial projection from the pretectothalamic border area to the claustrum. It may be assumed that these projections belong to the somatosensory system, since they connect mainly di(mes)encephalic nuclei, receiving largely the somatosensory input, with the somatosensory part of the claustrum.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1986

Neurons of the claustrum in the cat; a Golgi study.

The insular claustrum of the cat was studied using Kopsch modification of the Golgi technique. Neurons with or without dendritic spines were found. Among spiny neurons large pyramid-like cells with one main dendrite (S I type) appeared most frequently. Spindle-shaped neurons with two main dendrites (S II type) and multipolar ones (S III type) occurred much less frequently. Two types of aspimny multipolar neurons were found-larger (A I type) and smaller (A II type). Both were observed only in the posterior areas of the claustrum, mainly in its visual part. In the narrower regions of the claustrum, especialy in its anterior and posterior part, the dendritic fields of neurons were mostly arranged parallel to the surface of the claustrum. Centrally in the broader intermediate part of the claustrum long axes of neurons were oriented in various directions.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Projections of the amygdaloid body to the insular cortex in the cat.

Experiments were performed on brains of 15 cats with the use of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) retrograde transport method. After injections of HRP to the insular cortex, relatively great numbers of labeled neurons were found in all main nuclei of the amygdaloid body. After injections to the anterior part of the granular insular cortex numerous labeled neurons were located in the lateral, central lateral, basal dorsal and basal ventral nucleus of the amygdaloid body. Injections to the agranular insular cortex labeled neurons in the lateral, basal dorsal and basal ventral nucleus and in the claustrum prepiriforme. These results indicate the presence of large projections from vast areas of the amygdaloid body to the agranular insular cortex and the anterior part of the granular insular cortex.

Amygdala↗
PubMed1981

Interamygdaloid connections in the rat studied by the horseradish peroxidase method.

Neurons of the rat amygdaloid body were labeled with horseradish peroxidase following its injection into contralateral nuclei of the amygdala. The results strongly suggest that there is a contralateral amygdaloid projection from the basal (dorsal and ventral) nuclei of amygdala; it terminates in the medial, central and lateral nucleus. True commissural connections were found only between posterior parts of the cortical nuclei of amygdala and between homonymous areas of the piriform cortex.

Amygdala↗