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Biomedical subjects

O Odlum

Publications and source records attributed to O Odlum.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

Site-specific variations in metabolism by human fibroblasts exposed to nifedipine in vitro.

Nifedipine induces overgrowth of gingival tissues in some patients. However, other collagenous tissues in their body do not overgrow. The purpose of this study was to compare effects of serial dilutions of nifedipine on the in vitro metabolism of fibroblasts derived from normal gingiva, nifedipine-induced hyperplastic gingiva, knee capsular ligament, and dermis. The data suggested that nifedipine affects the metabolism of fibroblasts derived not only from gingiva, but also from other collective connective tissues. Thus, nifedipine-responder cells are present in tissues other than gingiva. There was an inverse relationship between in vivo tissue levels of IL-1-beta and in vitro responsiveness to nifedipine of fibroblasts derived from that tissue. Nifedipine-induced overgrowth of connective tissues, other than gingiva, probably does not occur either because of the relatively slow rate of collagenous protein synthesis by resident fibroblasts or because of alterations in collagen deposition/resorption within susceptible tissues produced by nifedipine on collagenase synthesis.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1995

Meeting the needs of under-serviced communities: one university's externship experiment.

Increasingly, the ability to respond to society's needs is becoming a guiding principle for educational institutions. This concept will, in difficult financial times, take on even greater significance when all programs will have to justify their survival by preparing graduates that can work in areas where there is a demonstrable need. The implications of this approach are far-reaching and require years of planning to adjust the current focus of a program to meet the new goals. In this article, a dental program that set out to broaden the scope of its curriculum in order to respond to societal needs will be reviewed.

Clinical Clerkship↗
PubMed1994

Comparative metabolism of 3H-glucosamine by fibroblast populations exposed to cyclosporine.

Cyclosporine and nifedipine therapy produces gingival overgrowth in many patients. Neither the mechanism underlying this undesirable side effect nor the possibility of synergism between these drugs is known, although many renal transplant patients receive both drugs. This study compared the rates of 3H-glucosamine utilization by three groups of fibroblasts: untreated gingival fibroblasts, fibroblasts from gingival overgrowth tissue of a patient receiving both cyclosporine and nifedipine, and normal gingival fibroblasts exposed to cyclosporine-A in vitro. Significant differences in the rates of deposition of 3H-glucosamine into the extracellular matrix by each group of gingival fibroblasts were demonstrated, suggesting that increased rates of deposition of proteoglycans into the gingival extracellular matrix by fibroblasts should be further investigated as a biologic mechanism for gingival overgrowth.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Oral health status of a group of elderly Canadian Inuit (Eskimo).

Fifty-four Inuit elders, representing 90% of the individuals 60 yr of age and older in three communities in the Keewatin region of the Canadian Northwest Territories, were examined for dental caries, periodontal disease, levels of edentulism, and the fit and quality of denture prostheses. These elders had a mean of 2.8 +/- 3.5 decayed teeth and a DMFT of 26 +/- 13 which reflected significant tooth loss. The Root Caries Index for subjects with gingival recession was 19%. Periodontal pocket assessments revealed that 86% of the individuals examined had CPITN readings of either 3 or 4. Over one third of the elders were totally edentulous, most of them female. Only 47% of these individuals wore complete dentures. Denture fit assessment revealed that 36% of the complete maxillary dentures and 42% of the complete mandibular dentures fit poorly. The overall oral health findings for these Inuit elders differed from those found in other older populations; however, the present findings may be the norm for a population undergoing a cultural transition.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Medical and dental status of a culture in transition, the case of the Inuit elderly of Canada.

The medical and dental status, and drug utilisation patterns of Canadian Inuit elders (60+ years) were evaluated. Inuit elders averaged 6.3 medical conditions per person, primarily nervous systems-sense organ deficits, respiratory problems and systemic infections. The mean number of drugs being used was 2.5 per person, primarily analgesics, bronchodilators and antibiotics. Poorly fitting dentures, and high levels of tooth decay, periodontal disease, soft tissue and TMJ anomalies were documented. Compared to older southern Canadians, the medical and dental findings for these Inuit elders were different. Drug utilisation rates were consistent with older southern Canadians, but different drugs were taken.

Acculturation↗
PubMed1982

Microbial populations growing in the presence of fluoride at low pH isolated from dental plaque of children living in an area with fluoridated water.

Longitudinal microbiological examinations have been made of dental plaque from a site approximal to the upper central incisors of 10 8-year-old children living in an area with water fluoridation. Differential counts of viable bacteria, made using a selective medium containing various levels of fluoride (0 to 100 mug/ml) at pH levels of 7.0 to 5.5, demonstrated an effect of both pH and fluoride on the numbers and types of bacteria isolated. Strains of Streptococcus and Neisseria grew after only 16 h of incubation at pH levels as low as 6.0 with fluoride levels up to 50 mug/ml. The most commonly isolated streptococci were Streptococcus mitior and S. salivarius. S. mutans was isolated less frequently and was inhibited by 20 and 50 mug of fluoride per ml at pH 6.0 and 6.5, respectively. Veillonella strains were the most resistant isolates, being isolated after 16 h of incubation on media at pH 6.0 with 100 mug of fluoride per ml. Despite their known fluoride resistance, Actinomyces spp. were often only detected on the selective media after 72 h of incubation. The pH of the medium had a definite selective effect, as the number of colonies growing on the fluoride-free basal media at pH 6.0 was only 30% of that at pH 7.0. Representative strains of S. mutans, S. mitior, S. sanguis, and S. milleri were tested for their ability to utilize glucose at the pH and fluoride levels of the medium on which they were initially isolated. Fluoride reduced the initial glycolytic rate of the cells, but in 5 of the 13 strains tested the final amount of glucose used after 2 h of incubation was the same in the presence or absence of fluoride. The isolation of bacteria capable of growth in the presence of fluoride over a significant portion of the pH range that occurs in plaque in vivo could explain in part the finding that fluoride does not have a dramatic effect on the plaque community. Fluoride in plaque may reduce the ecological advantage afforded to aciduric S. mutans strains by carbohydrate substances. In the in vivo situation this could mean that, even with high carbohydrate intake, fluoride may permit S. mitior to compete with S. mutans within the plaque ecosystem.

Actinomyces↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Preventive resins in the management of radiation-induced xerostomia complications.

The article focuses on caries problems that can arise in oncology patients following radiation of the salivary glands. Preventive restoration techniques are described that utilize fluoride-releasing resins. The particular difficulties associated with the management of areas of exposed incisal and gingival dentine in older patients are given special attention. Positive results are described for a 14-month period that appear to indicate that the technique leads to prevention of recurrent decay and retention of restorations in dehydrated areas of the mouth.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A method of eliminating streak artifacts from metallic dental restorations in CTs of head and neck cancer patients.

The purpose of this report was to develop a method to reduce streak artifacts derived from dental restorations in CT-imaging of the head and neck region. We selected six patients who were being treated for head and neck cancer and who had metal-derived artifacts on their CT that limited pre- or post-surgical visualization. The metal restorations were removed and replaced with non-metallic composite resin restorations. The CT was repeated as required on completion of the procedures. The streak artifacts were completely eliminated in patients in whom radiolucent composite materials were used. Patients have been followed for 6-26 months with no complications or breakdown of the restorations. The substitution of radiolucent for metallic restorations in special cases should be considered as a solution to CT dental artifact problems.

Adolescent↗