PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

O P Gupta

Publications and source records attributed to O P Gupta.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

A sensitive and relevant model for evaluating anti-inflammatory activity-papaya latex-induced rat paw inflammation.

A new model employing latex of papaya as an inflammagen has been developed for testing anti-inflammatory activity. The latex (exudate) was harvested from the unripe papaya fruit, which had been dried under vacuum. The latex was then suspended in 0.05 M sodium acetate buffer. This suspension when injected in rat hind paw produced concentration-dependent inflammation. Of the 0.25% of this suspension, 0.1 ml was found ideal for evaluating anti-inflammatory activity of test drugs. This concentration produced 70%-100% inflammation lasting for about 5 hr with a maximum effect at h 3. The test drugs employed were prednisolone, aspirin, indomethacin, phenylbutazone, ibuprofen, piroxicam, chloroquine, levamisole, and a mixture of boswellic acids. For comparison, these drugs were also tested against carrageenan-induced inflammation. All the test drugs--steroidal, aspirin, and non-aspirin-like--showed anti-inflammatory activity against latex-induced inflammation. The activity of chloroquine, levamisole, and boswellic acids was significantly more against latex as compared with that of the carrageenan model. The inflammation caused by latex may be attributed to both its hydrolytic enzymes--papain and chymopapain--and glutathione, the activator of these enzymes. These enzymes seem to act like lysosomal enzymes that are released in inflammatory disease processes which mediate inflammation by stimulating the synthesis of prostaglandins. The papaya latex-induced inflammation model appears to be a sensitive, broad-based, and relevant one likely to prove useful for discovering new and effective drugs against inflammation and rheumatoid arthritis.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Isoniazid induced neuropathy in slow versus rapid acetylators: an electrophysiological study.

Clinical, biochemical and nerve conduction studies were performed in 100 cases of tuberculosis taking isonicotinic acid hydrozide (isoniazid) for more than 12 weeks. Electro-physiological studies were carried out in a similar number of normal age and sex matched controls. In 16 percent of cases an abnormality was documented in the motor nerve conduction velocity, amplitude and terminal latency of the common peroneal, ulnar and median nerves; of these, only two patients had objective evidence of neuritis. The occurrence of isoniazid neuropathy was found to be more in the fourth decade of life (10 of 16), in those who had taken the drug for over six months (13 of 16), and in 'slow' inactivators (10 of 16).

Acetylation↗
PubMed1992

Left ventricular mass by M-mode echocardiography.

A comparison of various M-mode echocardiographic methods for assessment of left ventricular mass (LVM) was done in 21 subjects. The anatomical LVM was taken as Standard; it varied from 64.55 to 341.82 g. Of the six different M-mode echo methods compared, the method of Devereux and Reichek (1977) was found to correlate best with anatomical LVM (r = 0.99; SD = 49.54). By this method LVM = 1.4 [(LVIDd + LVPWTd + IVSTd)3 - (LVIDd)3] - 14 g.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Left ventricular muscle mass by echocardiography: methodology.

The limitations of electrocardiography for diagnosing left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), due to unacceptable accuracy and lack of serial quantifications, are well known. The use of angiocardiography for LVH assessment is invasive, hazardous and costly. Echocardiography provides an excellent method of estimation of left ventricular muscle mass, which is simple, non-hazardous, accurate and reproducible.

Cardiomegaly↗
PubMed1992

Effects of restorations and carious lesions on the periodontium in humans.

The objectives of the present study were to examine the effects of dental restorations, crowns and fillings, and carious lesions on the periodontal tissues. One hundred and one clinic patients were selected on the basis of each having one or more teeth with either carious lesions or restorations, and having contralateral teeth without restorations or carious lesions. Debris, calculus, gingivitis, pocket depths, and bone loss were evaluated using objective criteria of assessment for each condition. The results showed significantly greater gingivitis, pocket depth, and bone loss around teeth with restorations and carious lesions than around their controls.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Seasonal variations in the corpuscles of stannius in Notopterus notopterus (Pallas).

Seasonal changes in the corpuscles of stannius of Notopterus notopterus (Pallas) have been studied during various stages of reproductive cycle. During the pre-spawning period, corpuscles of stannius are found as enlarged, oval or elongated in shape, lobes are clear and show cellular and nuclear hypertrophy while spawning phase shows atrophy in the corpuscles of stannius, their cells and nuclei. During post-spawning period corpuscles of stannius are more active than spawning phase and showed high physiological activity. Two corpuscles of stannius are also observed during this phase. This study shows that corpuscles of stannius are more active during late prespawning phase. During such period, animals are sexually mature and an increased estrogen secretion by the ovaries is naturally expected. This study suggests a correlation with the gonadal maturation and structural changes in the corpuscles of stannius during seasonal variations.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Penicillinase ELISA for detection of tubercular antigen in tuberculosis.

Stick sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using rabbit anti PPD-RT 23 immunoglobulins and enzyme penicillinase has been explored for detection of tubercular antigen in sera and CSF samples of pulmonary tuberculosis and tubercular meningitis (TBM) respectively. The analysis of sera showed 73.3% of pulmonary tuberculosis cases, 16.2% of healthy controls and 44.4% of Hansen's disease positive for tubercular antigen. The accuracies of positive and negative predictive values were 69% and 82% respectively. The analysis of CSF samples showed the presence of tubercular antigen in 76.4% of TBM, 16.6% of pyogenic meningitis cases, 19.4% of neurological diseases other than meningitis and 16.1% non-neurological disease controls. The accuracies of positive and negative predictive values were 48% and 94% respectively. Hence this simple test using economical and indigenous reagents can be applied for the diagnosis of pulmonary and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis.

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMed1991

Haemorheological treatment of painful sickle cell crises. Use of pentoxifylline.

A variety of drugs have been tried, with little or no benefit, to prevent and treat painful crises in patients with sickle cell anaemia. The new drug pentoxifylline, which has the ability to alter red cell flexibility, was tried in nine patients with painful vaso-occlusive crises. Another nine matched patients served as control. While no patient in the control group improved, five patients in the pentoxifylline group responded favourably within 48 hours. We conclude that pentoxifylline may be useful in patients with acute painful vasoocclusive crises due to sickle cell anaemia.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

A prospective study of 14 cases of motor neuron disease.

Fourteen consecutive patients with motor neuron disease were studied during a period of one year. Seven patients were in the second decade of life, with eleven below the age of 40 years. Males accounted for 13 cases. Four had sustained some trauma in the past, one had poliomyelitis. Younger patients (average age 17.9 years) usually had an asymmetrical lower motor neuron lesion which was gradually progressive (the Norris score reached an average of 89.9 in a mean period of 36.9 months). A largely symmetrical distribution affecting both the upper and lower motor neurons and the lower cranial nerves with a rapidly downhill course (the Norris score fell to 80.3 in 12.9 months) were the features observed in older patients (average age 46.7 years). Cerebrospinal fluid protein was raised in four cases. Anti-neural antibodies were not demonstrable in any of the patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Clinical profile of irritable bowel syndrome at a rural based teaching hospital in central India.

In a study of 52 patients with irritable bowel syndrome preponderance of males (4.2:1) and young adult age group (20-29 years) was observed. Distinct spastic colon and functional diarrhoea constituted 60%, whereas 40% had mixed presentation. Abdominal pain commonly in the umbilical and splenic flexure region, relieved after defaecation, and rectal dissatisfaction were the common symptoms. Upper gastrointestinal symptoms were present in 25% of patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Effect of whole pituitary extract on the corpuscles of stannius in Notopterus notopterus (Pallas).

Administration of pituitary extract brings important change in the cells of the corpuscles of stannius. Two variety of cells are found in the corpuscles of stannius of control group, one with dense cytoplasm while the other possess non-reactive cytoplasm. Under the influence of whole pituitary extract, there is an intense cell activity in corpuscles of stannius suggesting more synthesis of hypocalcemic factor. Other possible reasons like stimulation of interrenal, thereby activating corpuscles of stannius have also been discussed. The possible involvement of ACTH or cortisol and synergistic effect of prolactin in promotion of hypercalcemia have also been suggested.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Field evaluation of measles vaccine efficacy in New Seemapuri, Shahdara Zone-Delhi during 1990.

A field evaluation of measles vaccine efficacy was undertaken in resettlement colonies in New Seemapuri, Shahdara Zone, Delhi, having an estimated population of 20,500 by case-reference method. The standard 30 cluster sampling technique was adopted and 261 measles vaccinated children were matched with 545 measles non-vaccinated children. The attack rate of measles was found to be 4.2 and 30.3 per cent in measles vaccinated and non-vaccinated children respectively, which is statistically highly significant (P less than 0.001). The relative risk of developing measles in non-vaccinated child is seven times more as compared to a vaccinated child. Vaccine efficacy (V.E.) evaluated by different epidemiological and laboratory methods was found to be 86.1 per cent +/- 11 at P = 0.05. Further, a large scale study on measles V.E. is recommended in different parts of the country by case-reference method, as it is found to be simple, reproducible and easy to undertake in a field situation.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1979

Neurofibroma of the maxillary antrum.

A rare case of neurofibroma of the maxillary antrum is reported. The tumor was removed via a Caldwell-Luc approach. Its histopathologic characteristics are described.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

Giant aneurysm of the internal carotid artery in the carotid canal.

A case of giant aneurysm of the intrapetrous portion of the internal carotid artery, with intracranial and extra-cranial extension in an eight-year-old girl, is reported. Intracranial extension was demonstrated by the presence of a large sac projecting above the petrous shadow in a frontal carotid angiogram, and upward displacement of the middle cerebral artery in the post-ligation angiogram. Extracranial extension was shown clinically as a pulsating mass in the nasopharynx, and also radiologically as a widened medial coronoid space. Erosive destruction of the petrous bone and its neighbourhood produced palsies of the 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th and 10th cranial nerves. There was appreciable recovery in the cranial nerve palsies when the patient was assessed clinically two weeks after ligation of the internal carotid artery.

Aneurysm↗