An association study between polymorphisms of the porcine bone morphogenetic protein receptor type1beta(BMPR1B) and reproductive performance of Iberian x Meishan F2 sows.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
O Ramírez
Publications and source records attributed to O Ramírez.
Polymorphisms of the porcine dopamine beta-hydroxylase gene and their relation to reproduction and piglet survivability in an Iberian x Meishan F2 intercross.
The goals of this study were to sequence and physically map the porcine dopaminebeta-hydroxylase (DBH) gene, as well as to perform an association study between polymorphisms of this gene and the reproductive performance and piglet survivability of F(2) pigs from an Iberian x Meishan cross. The porcine DBH gene was positioned by RH mapping near the telomere of chromosome 1q2.13, close to markers SSC10D08 and SW1301. Sequencing of DBH cDNAs from 10 pigs revealed the existence of six nucleotide polymorphisms, two of which led to non-synonymous amino acid substitutions within exon 3 at positions 463A>G and 616A>G that corresponded to Thr155Ala and Lys206Glu respectively. Three haplotypes segregated in an Iberian x Meishan population: DBH(X) (A(436)-A(616)), DBH(Y) (A(436)-G(616)) and DBH(Z) (G(436)-G(616)). The DBH haplotypes significantly affected rectal temperatures 1 h after birth (P = 0.002) and have a suggestive effect on the time to first colostrum intake (P = 0.019) and on birth weight (P = 0.019).
Animals↗
Comparison of genetic models for analysing the effects of a PvuII polymorphism in the oestrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) gene on prolificacy in an Iberian x Meishan pig population.
The effect of a previously reported PvuII polymorphism in oestrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) was analysed in an F(2) population of Iberian x Meishan pigs. We tested three hypotheses: (1) that a causal mutation was fixed in the parental populations, (2) that a causal mutation existed that was in complete linkage disequilibrium with the alleles of the PvuII polymorphism and (3) that a causal mutation existed in linkage disequilibrium within each parental population. The third model was the most plausible based on the available data. ESR1 alleles displayed different patterns of linkage disequilibrium with the causal mutation in each of the parental populations and the PvuII polymorphism was clearly not the causal mutation. As a consequence, the use of the ESR1 mutation for selection must be evaluated for a particular pig population before it is applied.
Alleles↗
High amino acid variation in the intracellular domain of the pig prolactin receptor (PRLR) and its relation to ovulation rate and piglet survival traits.
Two polymorphisms of the porcine prolactin receptor (PRLR) gene were previously related to litter size by several authors; however, the magnitude and direction of such effects varied depending on the population analyzed. We have sequenced the complete coding region of the porcine PRLR gene and found 6 nonconservative SNP: C1217T (Leu/Pro406), C1283A (Asp/Ala428), G1439A (Lys/Arg480), T1528A (Met/Leu510), G1600A (Gly/Ser534), and G1789A (Gly/Ser597), within exon 10 of the gene, which encodes the entire intracytoplasmic domain of the protein. Eight haplotypes were found and were segregating at different frequencies in 6 porcine breeds. The effects of each individual SNP and haplotype were evaluated in an Iberian x Meishan F2 population using a univariate mixed-inheritance animal model. Significant effects on the number of corpora lutea were found for PRLR haplotypes (P < 0.012), confirming the previously reported associations of PRLR in this process and highlighting the importance of performing analysis of haplotypes rather than of individual SNP. Suggestive effects or tendencies were found for heart rate at birth (P < 0.10), rectal temperature (P < 0.05), and oxygen saturation (P < 0.10) 1 h after birth, and time to first suckle (P < 0.10). We found greater than expected levels of amino acid variability within the intracellular domain of the porcine PRLR, which have been associated with differences in the number of corpus lutea of sows and the preweaning survivability of piglets.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Body mass index has a greater impact on pregnancy outcomes than gestational hyperglycaemia.
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: We evaluated diabetes-related pregnancy outcomes in a cohort of Spanish women in relation to their glucose tolerance status, prepregnancy BMI and other predictive variables. METHODS: The present paper is part of a prospective study to evaluate the impact of American Diabetes Association (2000) criteria in the Spanish population. A total of 9,270 pregnant women were studied and categorised as follows according to prepregnancy BMI quartiles and glucose tolerance status: (1) negative screenees; (2) false-positive screenees; (3) gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) according to American Diabetes Association criteria only; and (4) GDM according to National Diabetes Data Group criteria (NDDG). We evaluated fetal macrosomia, Caesarean section and seven secondary outcomes as diabetes-related pregnancy outcomes. The population-attributable and population-prevented fractions of predictor variables were calculated after binary logistic regression analysis with multiple predictors. RESULTS: Both prepregnancy BMI and abnormal glucose tolerance categories were independent predictors of pregnancy outcomes. The upper quartile of BMI accounted for 23% of macrosomia, 9.4% of Caesarean section, 50% of pregnancy-induced hypertension and 17.6% of large-for-gestational-age newborns. In contrast, NDDG GDM accounted for 3.8% of macrosomia, 9.1% of pregnancy-induced hypertension and 3.4% of preterm births. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: In terms of population impact, prepregnancy maternal BMI exhibits a much stronger influence than abnormal blood glucose tolerance on macrosomia, Caesarean section, pregnancy-induced hypertension and large-for-gestational-age newborns.
Adult↗
Potential impact of American Diabetes Association (2000) criteria for diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus in Spain.
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: This study was carried out to determine the impact of American Diabetes Association (ADA) 2000 criteria for the diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in the Spanish population. METHODS: Pregnant women were assigned to one of four categories: negative screenees, false-positive screenees, ADA-only-GDM (untreated) and GDM according to National Diabetes Data Group (NDDG) criteria (treated). Fetal macrosomia and Caesarean section were defined as primary outcomes, with seven additional secondary outcomes. RESULTS: Of 9,270 pregnant women screened for GDM, 819 (8.8%) met NDDG criteria. If the threshold for defining GDM had been lowered to ADA criteria, an additional 2.8% of women would have been defined as having the condition (relative increase of 31.8%). Maternal characteristics of women with ADA-only-GDM were between those of false-positive screenees and women with NDDG-GDM. The risk of diabetes-associated complications was slightly elevated in the individuals who would have been classified as abnormal only after the adoption of ADA criteria. In addition, the ADA-only-GDM contribution to morbidity was lower than that of other variables, especially BMI. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: Use of the ADA criteria to identify GDM would result in a 31.8% increase in prevalence compared with NDDG criteria. However, as the contribution of these additionally diagnosed cases to adverse GDM outcomes is not substantial, a change in diagnostic criteria is not warranted in our setting.
Adolescent↗
Comparative characterization of cell death between Sf9 insect cells and hybridoma cultures.
Physiological cell death (PCD) in Sf9 insect cell batch cultures was comprehensively characterized using simultaneous determinations of qualitative and quantitative assays, including agarose gel electrophoresis, confocal, epifluorescence, and transmission electron microscopy, and DNA content by flow cytometry. Results were compared to hybridoma cultures where abundant information of apoptosis exists. Both cultures shared some typical apoptosis features, including cell shrinkage, loss of sphericity, swollen endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, chromatin condensation, and specific DNA degradation. However, distinctive morphological and kinetic differences between both cultures revealed that Sf9 cells died by an atypical PCD process characterized by absence of nuclear fragmentation, scarce association of condensed chromatin to the nuclear envelope, swollen mitochondria, and high nonspecific DNA degradation. These features, distinctive of necrosis, were not observed in the normal apoptotic process of hybridomas. Glucose depletion marked the appearance of apoptotic Sf9 cells, which there up on increased gradually, whereas apoptotic hybridomas rapidly increased upon glutamine depletion. Furthermore, active phagocytosis was found in Sf9 viable cells, a characteristic phenomenon during in vivo apoptosis but uncommon for in vitro cultures. Sf9 cells contained unusually high numbers of phagosomes, particularly after glucose depletion. Additionally, few apoptotic bodies accumulated in culture, suggesting their elimination by phagocytosis. Other distinctive characteristics of Sf9 cells were the presence of a polynucleated hypertrophic population fraction, polyploidy, cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase, and more necrosis compared to hybridomas. Such phenomena prevented a reliable quantification of apoptosis from determination of the sub-G1 peak. Nonetheless, emergence of a bimodal Sf9 cell size distribution coincided with the increase in the sub-G1 population and onset of death. The fraction of particles in the smaller peak (6-11 microm diameter) closely correlated with the fractions of apoptotic bodies, late apoptotic, and secondary necrotic cells. Accordingly, Sf9 cell size was shown to be an effective, rapid, and simple parameter for quantifying death. Altogether, the results of this study provide new insights into PCD and other phenomena in insect cell culture important for biotechnological applications of Sf9 cells.
Aneuploidy↗
Opposite transitions of chick brain catalytically active cytosolic creatine kinase isoenzymes during development.
Postnatally the rat brain synthesizes catalytic forms of muscle type (MM) and heart type (MB) creatine kinase (CK), besides the supposedly sole type vertebrate brain-specific (BB) CK. We intended to demonstrate that in Rhode Island chicken brain, cytosolic (c) CK isoenzymatic transitions. (for example BB-CK is followed by the appearance of MB-CK and MM-CK during muscle differentiation), can also occur during development and aging. Cytosolic post 125000 x g, mitochondrial CK-free, brain samples were obtained for zone electrophoresis separation and identification of catalytically active cCK isoforms. BB-CK was never found during chicken brain ontogeny. Against the accepted view, an opposite isoenzyme transition pattern from MM through BB-CK was found in the chicken embryonic brain from the very early stages of development up to day 2 post-hatching. At very early stages of chicken brain ontogeny constitutive MM- and MB-CK isoenzymes were present before the advent of creatine. It seems to be that typical and atypical brain MM- and MB-CK could be working as ATPases in the absence of creatine before embryonic stage 28 (day 5.5) and/or such CK isoforms may begin to form part of the slow component b in developing early neurons and later in the nuclei of glial cells to be used by the CK/phosphocreatine (PC) system as the neural tissues mature. The post-hatching transition pattern showed simultaneous expression of more than one CK isoenzyme within the same neural sample as in post-natal rat brain, presumably due to regional differential transphosphorylation requirements. Strain-dependent enzymatic specific activities have been reported in several species. Since equivalent values of brain CK specific activity were obtained previously from the embryonic plateau phase of CK activity during White Leghorn development, and those from Rhode Island brain neurons cultured 11 days, we compared if, in vivo, a similar brain CK specific activity pattern was physiologically equivalent during Rhode Island and White Leghorn chicken ontogeny. We found quantitatively different strain-specific CK specific activity patterns during this period. Rhode Island brain CK activity values were approximately 4.5-fold those of White Leghorn ones. This indicates that production of energy from anaerobic metabolism and transphosphorylation by the CK/PC system to synthesize ATP more efficiently is strain-specific. In Rhode Islands, there was an age-dependent increase of CK specific activity, mostly in older animals (440% above the value found during the embryonic plateau), when the Krebs cycle and glycolysis lose capacity. During adult life and aging, under physiological conditions, the three CK isoenzymes may participate in diverse functions of the different cell compartments of brain glia and neurons with regard to their high and fluctuating energy demands that are not completely covered by anaerobic and aerobic glycolisis.
Animals↗
A Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant lacking a K+/H+ exchanger.
The KHA1 gene corresponding to the open reading frame YJL094c (2.62 kb) encoding a putative K+/H+ antiporter (873 amino acids) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae was disrupted by homologous recombination. The core protein is similar to the putative Na+/H+ antiporters from Enterococcus hirae (NAPA gene) and Lactococcus lactis (LLUPP gene) and the putative K+/H+ exchanger from Escherichia coli (KEFC gene). Disruption of the KHA1 gene resulted in an increased K+ accumulation and net influx without a significant difference in efflux, as well as an increased growth rate, smaller cells, and twice the cell yield per glucose used. Flow cytometry analysis showed an increase of the DNA duplication rate in the mutant. Kinetic studies of 86Rb+ uptake showed the same saturable system for wild-type and disruptant strains. Mutant cells also produced a greater acidification of the medium coincident with an internal pH alkalinization and showed a higher oxygen consumption velocity. We speculate that higher K+ accumulation and increased osmotic pressure accelerate the cell cycle and metabolic activity.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Global stability of stationary patterns in bistable reaction-diffusion systems.
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Journal Article↗
Age and order of eruption of primary teeth in Spanish children.
A longitudinal study on primary tooth eruption was performed in 114 Spanish children in two Primary Care Centers over 3 yr. Data from periodic observations and data collected by previously instructed parents was studied. Ages of tooth eruption were calculated for both sexes. Comparison between the two sides of the jaws showed a nonsignificant tendency towards earlier left side eruption. Comparison between maxillary and mandibular showed a significant earlier mandibular eruption for central incisors and second molars and a significant earlier maxillary eruption for lateral incisors. Comparison between sexes showed a tendency towards earlier eruption in boys for all teeth, significant only for mandibular central incisors, maxillary and mandibular lateral incisors and mandibular canines. Order of tooth eruption and its most frequent changes were also studied. When these findings were compared to studies performed in other populations it was concluded that ages and order of primary tooth eruption in Spanish children are similar to those found in other populations.
Age Factors↗
Insulin-independent controlled physiological morphogenesis of chick muscle from fusion-capable myoblasts.
Thigh myogenic cells from 11-12-day-old chick embryos were cultured continuously in the presence of medium containing no chick embryo extract (CEE). It is known that CEE contains a muscle-inducing protein of 35,000 daltons. In spite of the absence of embryo extract and provided that calcium, starting at a concentration as low as 3 X 10(-4) M, was present in the tested media, typically aligned myotubes with 20 or more nuclei per fiber or abnormal myosymplasts were produced at will. In the first case, the result was systematically obtained when the media were unchanged. Consequently, the cell microenvironment remained undisturbed and therefore was autoconditioned throughout the 7 days of culture. In the second case, the result depended on the feeding schedules. Conversely, no myotubes were formed in cultures in embryo extract-free medium without calcium, irrespective of the frequency of medium changes. Insulin, a serum factor believed to be involved in syncytium formation process in vitro, was present in all tested media. Undialyzed or dialyzed fetal calf serum (FCS), used for the preparation of the media, contained 11 mu units of insulin per milliliter. The insulin content in all tested media was diluted, however, to one tenth the physiological serum concentration. The hormone did not promote any kind of myoblast fusion in any experiment in which calcium was deleted as a component of the tested media, regardless of the feeding schedule followed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Animals↗
[Kyrle's disease. Synonym: hyperkeratosis follicularis et parafollicularis in cutem penetrans. Report of a case].
In El Salvador is observed the first case of Kyrle's disease. It's clinic-pathologic study is conclusive for such a dermatologic entity.
Adolescent↗
[Lupoid syndrome in "BCG-itis." Report of a case].
It is presented the first case of lupoid syndrome of "BCG-itis" found in El Salvador. Its clinic-pathological study is conclusive for such dermatological entity. The complications of vaccination with BCG are rare. It must be treated as an active tuberculosis, but with a greater control of the patient.
Adult↗
[Autochthonous cutaneous leishmaniasis in El Salvador. Report of 5 cases].
It has been done a bibliographic review of Salvadorean scientific works on leishmaniasis cutaneous from January 1900 to June 1984. The skin manifestation is not an epidemiologic problem up to now. It is possible that insecticides, used on cotton and coffee crops, as well as in the fight against malaria, etc., play a definite role. Instead of antimony components, it is suggested the use of phosphate of chloroquine inter-lesional.
Adolescent↗
[Neonatal immune thrombopenia].
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Autoantibodies↗
[Primary abdominal actinomycosis. Report of a case].
It is the first case of primary cutaneous abdominal actynomycosis in El Salvador, observed at the Institute Salvadorian of Social Security. It is the seventh case of primary cutaneous actynomycosis to be diagnosed clinically and by laboratory. Penicillin continues to be the selective treatment for this type of deep mycosis.
Abdomen↗
[Common warts and bleomycin. Report of 100 cases].
Given are the results obtained in 100 patients of which 57 were female and 43 males that showed signs of common warts in many localized regions and were and were treated with 0.5% Bleomycin sulfate in a 2% solution of lidocaine, intra and sublesional. I consider this a simple and quick method of treatment that is effective and offers no risk. When treatment is done adequately there are no visible signs of cicatrization.
Adolescent↗