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Biomedical subjects

O Rotimi

Publications and source records attributed to O Rotimi.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Characterization of colonic polyps at conventional (nonmagnifying) colonoscopy after spraying with 0.2 % indigo carmine dye.

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Japanese endoscopists have devised a classification system based on mucosal crypt patterns which is helpful for distinguishing between hyperplastic polyps, adenomas, and invasive cancers at colonoscopy. The aim of this study was to assess how well the various types of colonic polyp could be distinguished using conventional colonoscopes after spraying with 0.2 % indigo carmine dye. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The endoscopic appearances of all colonic lesions were assessed in 476 unselected patients using normal-resolution, nonmagnifying colonoscopes after spraying with 0.2 % indigo carmine dye. RESULTS: A total of 709 lesions were found in the 476 patients, and histology was available for 673 of these lesions: 187 lesions were found to be non-neoplastic (128 hyperplastic, 2 juvenile, 30 inflammatory, and 27 classified as "others"); 467 lesions were adenomatous; and 19 lesions were carcinomas. Of the 467 adenomas, 377 were tubular, 77 were tubulovillous, 8 were villous and 5 were serrated; 423/467 were correctly identified (sensitivity 91 %). Of the 187 non-neoplastic lesions, 153 were correctly classified (specificity 82 %). A total of 343 of the 377 tubular lesions were correctly identified as tubular adenomas (sensitivity 90 %), and 46 of the 77 tubulovillous lesions were correctly identified. CONCLUSIONS: Standard colonoscopy with dye spraying can be used to differentiate colonic polyps. Magnification is not always necessary to distinguish neoplastic from nonneoplastic colonic lesions. This finding could result in resource savings in colonoscopic screening.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Extragenital endometriosis--a clinicopathological review of a Glasgow hospital experience with case illustrations.

The clinicopathological characteristics of 34 cases of extragenital endometriosis (mean age 33.74) presenting to surgeons over a 9-year period at Glasgow Royal Infirmary were reviewed. A total of 379 cases of endometriosis were diagnosed by histology during the period, giving an 8.9% prevalence of extragenital manifestations. Eleven (32.3%) cases were in the intestinal tract, two (5.9%) in the urinary tract and 21 (61.8%) were in other sites, including pfannenstial scar, inguinal canal, umbilicus and perineum; 52.9% presented to gynaecologists and mean time to diagnosis was 24.54 months (CI: 13.2 - 35.8). Pain was the most common presentation in 76.5% but this was cyclical, reported in only 41.2%. Palpable mass was found in 41.2%, especially in pfannenstial scar (26.5%), suggesting iatrogenic cause. Histology remains the cornerstone of diagnosis and several of the case histories describe delay and diagnostic confusion. Endometriosis is rarely fatal, but continues to challenge patients and clinicians in all specialities in presentation and diagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Longitudinal studies of skin microfilaria and antibody conversion rates in children living in an endemic focus of onchocerciasis in Nigeria.

We monitored skin microfilarial conversion and antibody (serum) conversion rates to Onchocerca volvulus recombinant antigens (OC3.6 and OC9.3) over a 2-year period, in a cohort of 208 children aged 9-11 years and living in a mesoendemic focus of savannah-type onchocerciasis in Nigeria in order to detect prepatent onchocerciasis in children. Between time point A and time point B (9 months apart) the seroconversion rate was 19.4 per cent, and between time points B and C (15 months apart), a further 31.4 per cent of seronegative children had seroconverted. However, only a third of the seroconverted children became microfilaria-positive. From the time-lag between antibody conversion and skin snip conversion, we estimated that a 9-12 month interval was required for the detection of O. volvulus microfilariae following infection with viable third stage larva (L3s). The predictive value of antibody detection as a measure of skin microfilarial conversion was >90 per cent when the optical density (OD) at 490 nm was >0.80. We therefore propose a strategy for monitoring changes in transmission of onchocerciasis following vector control or chemotherapy through an evaluation of annual antibody seroconversion rates in a standardized sentinel population of children.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Histological identification of Helicobacter pylori: comparison of staining methods.

AIM: To determine whether two recently described staining methods (the modified McMullen's and the Helicobacter pylori silver stain HpSS methods) used for the histological identification of H pylori organisms are superior to two established techniques (the modified Giemsa and anti-H pylori antibody immunostain) in terms of availability, reproducibility, rapidity, sensitivity, and cost. METHODS: Histological sections from 63 paired gastric biopsies from adult patients previously investigated for dyspepsia were stained with the four methods and these were assessed blindly and independently by two observers. Of the 63 patients, 30 were originally negative in all tests for H pylori infection, 30 were positive, and the remaining three cases had discordant results using a combination of five tests (rapid biopsy urease test, urea breath test, culture, serology, and histology). RESULTS: Interobserver agreement was best with the antibody method (98%), followed by the McMullen's (90%), Giemsa (87%), and HpSS (85%). Of the 60 "gold standard" positive and negative cases, 30 were positive by the modified Giemsa stain, 29 by the McMullen's method, 29 by HpSS, and 30 by the antibody stain. However, there were two false positives with the HpSS method. The modified Giemsa is the cheapest and easiest to perform technically. CONCLUSIONS: When H pylori are present, careful examination will almost always reveal them, whichever of these stains is used. However, the modified Giemsa stain is the method of choice because it is sensitive, cheap, easy to perform, and reproducible.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

The incidence and characteristics of some paraneoplastic syndromes of hepatocellular carcinoma in Nigerian patients.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether paraneoplastic syndromes of hepatocellular carcinoma such as erythrocytosis, hypoglycaemia, hypercholesterolaemia and hypercalcaemia are found in Nigerian patients with this tumour, and, if present, to determine their incidence and characteristics. DESIGN: Consecutive patients with a diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma seen over a 10-year period at Ile-Ife, Nigeria, underwent haematocrit (100 patients), plasma glucose (65), cholesterol (65) and calcium studies (30). Shortage of laboratory reagents did not allow all the 100 patients to be tested for plasma glucose, cholesterol and calcium. METHODS: Haematocrit was determined by the microhaematocrit method, and the glucose oxidase-peroxidase, Liebermann-Burchard and O-cresolphthalein complexone methods were employed for the estimation of plasma glucose, cholesterol and calcium respectively. RESULTS: The haematocrit values ranged from 19 to 63% with a mean of 34.51% (SD 7.72). Only 1 out of 100 patients (1%) had erythrocytosis (haematocrit 63%). Sixty-five patients had their plasma glucose determined. The range of values for fasting plasma glucose (FPG) was 1-8.4 mmol/l with a mean of 4.3 (SD 1.6). Hypoglycaemia occurred in 18 patients (27.7%)(14 males, 4 females). The mean liver span for patients with FPG > 5.0 mmol/l was 16.87 cm (SD 3.03), while the value for those with FPG < 3.0 mmol/l was 22.0 cm (SD 6.14, P < 0.05). Plasma cholesterol was determined in 65 patients and the range of values was 2.1 -18.1 mmol/l with a mean of 5.65 (SD 2.42). Hypercholesterolaemia occurred in 16 patients (24.6%) (15 males, 1 female). The range of plasma calcium obtained in 30 patients was 1.6-3.15 mmol/l with a mean of 2.36 (SD 0.32). Three patients (10%) (all males) had hypercalcaemia. CONCLUSION: While erythrocytosis has a low incidence, hypoglycaemia and hypercholesterolaemia are important paraneoplastic syndromes of hepatocellular carcinoma in Nigerian patients. The study confirms that the larger the liver mass, the greater the tendency towards hypoglycaemia. Also, the paraneoplastic syndromes studied occurred predominantly in hepatocellular carcinomas with cirrhosis.

Calcium↗
PubMed1998

Sudden unexpected death from cardiac causes in Nigerians: a review of 50 autopsied cases.

Fifty cases of sudden and unexpected death from cardiac causes in individuals between the ages of 28 and 80 years are reviewed; the causes and circumstances of the deaths of these individuals are defined. 70% were males and 44% of the deaths occurred in the 41-50 years age group. Death was due to hypertensive heart disease in 82% of the cases and only 18% were previously diagnosed. Acute left ventricular failure was the commonest (68%) cause of death. Only 4% of the total died of acute myocardial infarction from coronary artery disease. The causes of sudden cardiac death in a developing country such as Nigeria, appears to be different to the pattern in Western countries.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Hepatitis B virus markers, hepatitis D virus antigen and hepatitis C virus antibodies in Nigerian patients with chronic liver disease.

Although carrier rates for the HBsAg as well as the prevalence of HBV-associated chronic liver disease (CALD) are known to be high in Nigeria, not much is known about the role of the hepatitis C (HCV) and D (HDV) viruses. We undertook a prospective serological study of a cohort of 50 new patients and attending a Nigerian teaching hospital for various forms of histologically characterised chronic liver disease. Forty-five patients (90%) had antibodies to HBcAg (anti-HBcAb). Thirty one patients (62%) were HBsAg-positive, out of whom 15 were HbeAg-positive. Two (4%) of the HbsAg-positive patients, both suffering from liver cancer, were also hepatitis D antigen positive. Similarly, two (4%) patients were positive for anti-HCV antibodies. There were no cases of co-infection by the HBV and HCV. This study suggests that while the HBV is the major aetiological agent of chronic liver disease in Nigeria, the HDV is not an important aggravating factor save in a small number of patients. The HCV is probably not yet an important cause of chronic liver disease but this situation might change when HBV infection is controlled.

Carrier State↗
PubMedDate not supplied

IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-10 (CYR61) up-regulation during the development of Barrett's oesophagus and associated oesophageal adenocarcinoma: potential biomarkers of disease risk.

Dys-regulation of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system increases the risk of a number of malignancies. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of members of the IGF binding protein (IGFBP) superfamily in the development of oesophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and their possible use as markers of disease risk. Expression of IGFBP-2, IGFBP-3, IGFBP-4, and IGFBP-10/CYR61 was assessed using Real-Time-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry in oesophageal tissues from Barrett's oesophagus (BE) patients with and without associated EAC, and in control subjects. IGFBP-3, IGFBP-4, and IGFBP-10/CYR61 mRNA levels were up-regulated in Barrett's (n=17) and tumour tissue of EAC patients (n=18) compared with normal tissue of control subjects without BE or EAC (n=18) (p<0.001). Over-expression of IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-10/CYR61 proteins was observed in Barrett's, dysplastic and tumour tissue of EAC cases (n=47 for IGFBP-10; n=39 for IGFBP-3) compared with adjacent normal epithelium (p<0.050). Notably, IGFBP-3, IGFBP-4, and IGFBP-10/CYR61 expression in Barrett's tissue of EAC cases (n=17) was significantly (p<0.001) higher than in Barrett's tissue of BE patients with no sign of progression to cancer (n=15). Overall, the results suggest that members of the IGFBP superfamily are up-regulated during oesophageal carcinogenesis and merit further investigation as markers of EAC risk.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Molecular biology and medicine: a review of developments.

BACKGROUND: The human genome-sequencing project was completed in April 2003, in the same year that marks the 50th anniversary of the discovery of the double helical structure of DNA. Much of the knowledge derived from the huge number of discoveries in molecular biology research over the past five decades and the genome project has the potential to be of immense benefit world-wide. Such knowledge is already of widespread application in the developed world and much more potential in the future. METHODS & RESULTS: This article briefly reviews the literature of research works on molecular biology in English language and discusses some of the findings and highlights recent developments and future trends. CONCLUSIONS: The advancement in molecular biology presents huge opportunities and potentials for improved health services worldwide. The article also proposes an approach whereby benefits could be reaped from the application of molecular biology techniques and the information derived from the human genome project in sub-Saharan Africa.

Genetic Therapy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection correlation between clo-test (urease enzyme) and gastric mucosal histology.

BACKGROUND: There are few histopathologists in West African region. Histology results on gastric mucosal biopsies for Helicobacter pylori (HP) usually take between one to two weeks to be out. On the other hand, clo-test results for Helicobacter pylori can be read between 5 minutes to 24 hours. Is one justified to commence therapy based on the clo-test ahead of the histology result? Where there is no histopathology services as in many centers in West Africa can one rely on clo-test alone? AIM: To evaluate the correlation between clo-test (urease) and histological findings of gastric mucosal biopsies. DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: Endoscopic unit of Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. PATIENTS: Twenty duodenal ulcer (DU) patients seen consecutively in the endoscopy unit. INTERVENTION: Upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopy, antral biopsies for the clo-test and histopathology. RESULT: There was 100% correlation between the clo-test and histological findings among all the 20 patients. CONCLUSION: Clo-test (urease) is reliable enough to be used to commence therapy aimed at ulcer healing and HP eradication.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sudden cardiac death in Nigerians--the Ile-Ife experience.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the clinico-pathologic features, circumstances of death and related epidemiological variables in cases of sudden cardiac death among Nigerians. METHODS: A review of all cases of medico-legal autopsies performed at the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria, on cases of sudden unexpected deaths over a ten-year period (1987-1997). RESULTS: The records of 2,529 medico-legal autopsies were reviewed, of which 79 were found to be cases of sudden cardiac deaths (SCD). The SCD cases consisted of 59 males (74.7%) and 20 females (25.3%), with age ranging from 27 to 80 years. The mean age (and standard deviation) was 53.7 (+11.2) and 52.2 (+10.9) for males and females respectively. A total of 68 cases (86.1%) were brought dead into the hospital and 38 (55.1%) of these were apparently healthy prior to death. The nature of activities associated with SCD, where such was documented, was passive in 90% of cases. Hypertensive heart disease was the cause of death in 66 cases (83.5%), of which only 20 (30.3%) were previously diagnosed. Ischaemic heart disease and cardiomyopathies ranked next as the most common cause of death with 5 cases (6.3%) each. CONCLUSION: Hypertensive heart disease is the most common cause of sudden cardiac death in Nigerians, and many of hypertensive cases were previously undiagnosed. Cases of coronary heart disease and myocardial infarction played significant roles as causes of sudden cardiac death, indicating that their incidence may not be as rare among Nigerians as previously thought.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Helicobacter pylori in the dental plaque and gastric mucosa of dyspeptic Nigerian patients.

BACKGROUND: Presence of helicobacter pylori (H.Pylori) in the dental plaques may be associated with the presence of the same organism in gastric mucosa. OBJECTIVES: To assess and compare the prevalence of H. pylori in dental plaques and gastric mucosa of dyspeptic Nigerians. METHODS: Sixty-six consecutive patients undergoing endoscopy for investigation of dyspepsia were included in the study. A predesigned questionnaire was used to collect information on socio-demographic and other factors. Each patient also had clinical dental examination. Dental plaque scrapping was collected before endoscopy for helicobacter pylori culture, and at endoscopy, two gastric biopsy specimens were taken for culture and histology. RESULTS: The mean age (+/- SD) of the patients was 44.8 (+/- 17.4) years (range 5 to 80 years). The positivity rate of helicobacter pylori in gastric biopsy was 35 of 66 (53.0%) while the same for dental plaque was 46 of 66 (69.7%). The correlation (Spearman's) between gastric mucosa and dental plaque colonization with helicobactor pylori was significant (R = 0.30, P = 0.01). When concordant positivity of gastric biopsy culture and histology was taken as diagnostic, the sensitivity of dental plaque culture was found to be 82.9% and the specificity was 45.2%. CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed that helicobactor pylori has a high prevalence in the dental plaque of the population that we have studied and may therefore be of potential relevance in screening for such infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

P53 codon 249 mutation in hepatocellular carcinomas from Nigeria.

Mutations of p53 tumour suppressor gene often occur in hepatocellular carcinoma and, in particular, codon 249 hot-spot mutation is displayed by hepatocellular carcinomas occurring in hepatitis B virus-endemic areas with high dietary aflatoxin intake. This study was done to determine the frequency of p53 codon 249 mutation in hepato-cellular carcinoma in Nigerian patients with this tumour. Tumour samples were obtained from 18 Nigerian patients (all from the Southwest of the country) with histologically confirmed hepatocellular carcinoma by autopsy (n = 14), surgical resection (n = 3) and ante-mortem liver biopsy (n = 1). Fourteen of them had co-existing cirrhosis. Amplification of exon 7 of p53 gene from DNA samples of hepatocellular carcinoma tissue was undertaken by nested polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction enzyme analysis. One out of the 18 tumour samples tested (5.5%) demonstrated codon 249 mutation. This study suggests that, in Nigeria, especially the south-western region, aflatoxins appear to play a limited role in hepatocarcinogenesis.

Adult↗