PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

O S Alfthan

Publications and source records attributed to O S Alfthan.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1994

In vivo behavior of 111In-labeled monoclonal anti-prostatic acid phosphatase antibody after intraprostatic and intravenous injections.

The 111In-labeled monoclonal anti-prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) monoclonal antibody F(ab')2 fragment was used for the radioimmunodetection of prostate cancer in two different patient groups: 15 patients with surgically verified T1-2 prostate cancer were imaged prior to staging lymphadenectomy and total prostatectomy using lymphatic administration (intraprostatic (ipr) injection), and 15 patients with verified metastatic prostatic cancer were imaged after intravenous (i.v.) injection. The patients were studied on several occasions (at 0-180 hours) after injecting a 1 mg MoAb fragment labeled with 75-150 MBq111In (DTPA-chelation). The extirpated tissues were counted for radioactivity, and studied immunohistochemically (IHC) and histologically. The anti-PAP MoAb was labeled with high efficiency (87-99%) and it demonstrated good immunoreactivity (90-95%) and a high affinity to the target antigen. In the excised prostates, cut into 12-18 smaller pieces, there was a clear correlation between the PAP content (as detected by IHC) and absolute radioactivity (% ID of 111In anti-PAP/g prostate). However, there was no correlation between radioactivity and the amount of cancer tissue (% of histological slices) inside the removed prostate tissue. In the pharmacokinetic studies, maximum activity in the serum was obtained within 3-5 hours after ipr injection; after that the kinetic behavior was similar to that after i.v. injection. After i.v. injection, two components could be distinguished the pharmacokinetic curves; the half-lives for mean distribution and elimination were 0.62 and 35.6 hours, respectively. The mean distribution half-life as well as the AUC from the pharmacokinetic curves correlated significantly with serum PAP (p < 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1993

Bacillus Calmette-Guérin sensitises fresh transitional carcinoma cells and T24 cell line to non-MHC-restricted cytotoxicity in vitro.

The activity of lymphokine (interleukin-2) activated killer (LAK) cells from 9 patients with transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) was tested against autologous, freshly purified transitional carcinoma cells. Cytotoxicity was relatively low. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) substantially augmented both LAK activity and the cytolytic activity of non-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) against autologous TCC when tested with 6 additional TCC patients. A similar enhancing effect of BCG was noted with leucocytes obtained from normal donors when tested against an allogenic T24 cell line. Both natural killer (NK) cells and T cells appeared to be responsible for the increased cytolytic activity caused by BCG. No cytolytic activity was noted against normal transitional epithelial cells. Sensitisation of TCC cells to the immune system may explain the clinical effects of BCG.

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMed1991

Instillation therapy in superficial urinary bladder cancer. Finnbladder Group.

Carcinoma in situ (TIS) is a special dilemma. Controversial diagnostic and therapeutic attitudes prevail in the literature. Mild dysplasia grade 1 seems to be a condition where 'wait-and-see policy' might be justified according to our series of 60 patients with a TIS whereas, both the TISG2 and TISG3 are real malignancies which need a more aggressive treatment than a transurethral resection (TUR) alone. Under a close control, intravesical chemo- and immunotherapy offer an alternative to cystectomy. On the other hand, for a visible superficial (Ta-T1) cancer TUR is the principal treatment, which can easily be repeated. Anyhow, the high frequency of recurring tumours and the tendency to simultaneous progression in a specific category of patients have led to adJuvant prophylactic treatments. Currently, both intravesical cytostatics and intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin have been proven safe with much the same effect. Adjuvant prophylaxis of a primary, single superficial tumour is not indicated, even though the treatment of T1G3 cancer is under discussion.

Administration, Intravesical↗
PubMed1991

Biocompatibility of urinary catheters--present status.

Biocompatibility aspects of urinary catheters have been recognized by clinicians during the 1980's. After multiple reports of severe urethral damage caused by latex catheters, a series of investigations revealed that toxic substances added to the catheters during the manufacturing process can leak from the devices in situ and cause urethritis developing severe urethral strictures. Consequently, most manufacturers have improved their catheters, but there are still some catheters of inferior quality on the market. Quality is dependent on the biocompatibility testing methods. Cell culture tests are recommended, but there are no common standards regarding these. British Standards Institution has been the first in Europe to adopt toxicity limits for a cell culture test, but those are not acceptable. It is a task for the standardization committees working for the European Community to create adequate biocompatibility testing standards with clinically relevant toxicity limits. If this is not done, the use of latex catheters should be abandoned as potentially harmful devices.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Prostate tumour markers and differentiation grade in prostatic cancer.

Serum acid phosphatase activity, prostate specific phosphatase and prostate specific antigen were measured in 100 patients with prostatic cancer. The patients were divided according to the differentiation grade into 3 groups: G1 (well), G2 (moderately) and G3 (poorly differentiated) carcinoma. Bone metastases were identified by scintigraphy. Among the 76 M0 patients the mean levels of all 3 markers were slightly higher in patients with moderately differentiated prostatic carcinoma. Among the 24 M1 patients the primary tumour was either G2 (18 patients) or G3 (6 patients); none had G1 lesions. Significantly higher serum ACP and PAP levels were found in patients with G2 tumours than in those with G3 lesions. It was concluded that the histological differentiation grade of prostatic carcinoma did affect serum levels of prostatic tumour markers; the tendency towards higher levels in the G2 group was noticeable in both non-metastatic and metastatic cases despite the limited number of patients in the latter category. In clinical practice this information may be an important additional tool in staging prostatic cancer.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1990

Prostate tumour markers as an aid in the staging of prostatic cancer.

Serum acid phosphatase activity (ACP), prostate specific phosphatase (PAP) and prostate specific antigen (PSA) were measured in 100 patients with prostatic cancer. The patients were divided into 4 groups: T1-2 MO, T3-4 MO and M1 patients with less than or equal to 10 or greater than 10 metastatic foci in bone scintigraphy. The mean serum ACP levels were almost identical in the T1-2 MO and T3-4 MO groups and there was no significant difference between the mean PAP values. Significantly higher PSA levels were observed in the MO patients in the extracapsular category compared with those in the intracapsular category. The mean serum levels of all 3 tumour markers were significantly higher in the M1 than in the MO category. PSA seems to be the marker of choice as a diagnostic aid for differentiating between patients with intracapsular and those with extracapsular tumour growth. In prostatic cancer patients with bone metastases these markers were of similar value for staging the disease.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1989

High dose polyoestradiol phosphate with and without acetosalicylic acid versus orchiectomy in the treatment of prostatic cancer. Finnprostate Group.

The clinical efficacy of high dose (160 mg) polyoestradiol phosphate (PEP) was compared with that of orchiectomy in a prospective randomised multicentre study including 200 prostatic cancer patients. The effect of daily low dose (75 mg) acetosalicylic acid (ASA) on possible cardiovascular complications during the first 6 months of therapy was also evaluated. Oestrogen-treated patients had more progressions, but follow-up was too short to draw any definite conclusions on the efficacy of treatment. There was no cardiovascular mortality and there were no thromboembolic complications in any treatment group. It was concluded that parenteral high dose PEP is not associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular complications and there is no need for daily low dose ASA.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

The value of basic investigations in the diagnosis of impotence.

172 patients with impotence symptoms were investigated by SBBBV-test, orthostatic blood pressure, Doppler examination of the superficial and deep penile arteries, penile-brachial index, visual sexual stimulation, papaverin test, and measurement of bulbocavernous reflex latency time. Visual sexual stimulation and papaverin test correlated well with each other, and so did papaverin test and PBI in cases of arterial insufficiency. SBBBV was simple to perform and useful in detecting autonomic neuropathy. There were characteristic differences in the pattern of erectile failure between young and old patients. The differentiation to organic or psychogenic erectile failure was easier in the young age groups, whereas the old patients more often had a combination of vascular and psychogenic aetiology.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Treatment of interstitial cystitis with immunosuppression and chloroquine derivatives.

Azathioprine, an immunosuppressive agent, was given to 38 patients presenting with intestinal cystitis. Pain disappeared completely in 22 patients and pollakiuria did the same in 20 patients, including two very severe cases with very contracted bladder. Chloroquine or oxychloroquine, usually combined with salicylate, was given to 22 patients. Pain disappeared in 11 patients and pollakiuria in 4 patients. No effect was noted in 10 patients in the azathioprine group and in 8 patients in the chloroquine group. The remaining patients had partial alleviation. The results are analyzed separately for various grades of severity. Spontaneous cure can be expected only in 11% of cases of interstitial cystitis calculated from a large series. Immunosuppression or chloroquine derivates are indicated for patients who do not respond to other treatments.

Autoimmune Diseases↗