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Biomedical subjects

O S Slepova

Publications and source records attributed to O S Slepova.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

[The role of immunopathological reactions in the development of eye diseases in persons infected by hepatitis B virus and the efficiency of immuno-correcting therapy].

The role of immunologic factors in the development of ophthalmic pathologies in persons infected by hepatitis B virus (HBV) affecting the liver or in asymptomatic virus carriers (a total of 285 persons, 328 eyes) was studied. The deficit of CD3 and CD4 cells, gammopathy, increased levels of circulating immune complexes and of TNF-alpha in the serum; the deficit of IgA and an enhanced secretion of IgG in the lachrymal fluid; as well as a weakened ability of the local and systematic production of IFN-alpha were typical for a majority of patients. The most profound changes were detected in cases of uveitis; apart from the above mentioned, an increase of the CD4/CD8 index as well as of organ-specific and inter-organ immunization was found. The cases of keratitis (92% of the stromal type) were distinguished through a hypersecretion of TNF-alpha both in the serum and in the lachrymal fluid. Complicated cataracts were observed mainly in convalescents or in asymptomatic virus carriers; immune disorders were less seldom encountered in this category, as compared to the cases of eye inflammations, and basically they were local. The obtained data were considered in treatment. Imunofan, when added to the traditional therapy (symptomatic and corticosteroid one), activated the local and systematic antiviral immunity, suppressed the production of pro-viral cytokines and reduced the autoimmune reactions. As a result of this, the treatment time, the frequency rate of relapses as well as the number of anti-inflammatory and postoperative (in cataracts) complications decreased. The study results are indicative of that the immunopathological reactions, which are typical of HBV patients, can be detected at the ocular level and they can provoke ophthalmic pathologies. The nature, severity and relation between the local and systematic immune disorders predetermine, to a considerable extent, the development of an eye disease and its severity. The treatment (and prophylaxis) of HBV-associated ophthalmic pathologies require an obligatory usage of immunity-correcting means and clinical-and-immunological monitoring.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed2001

Retinal degeneration under the effect of antibodies to recoverin.

Serious changes in the retina, diagnosed as retinal degeneration and uveitis, are observed only in the presence of high titers of antibodies to recoverin (Ca2+-binding protein, a paraneoplastic antigen) in the blood of rabbits. Negligible changes in the retina of rabbits with low antibody titers are detected only by cytohistochemical analysis of the retina. No changes in the retina develop in rabbits intravenously injected with antibodies to recoverin.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

The role of HBV-infection in development of cataracts in children and adults.

Possible role of intrauterine HBV infection in the formation of congenital non-hereditary cataracts is testified by discoveries of HBV markers in lens masses, aqueous humor of the anterior chamber and blood serum of the operated children and in blood of mother. We consider the patients with chronic diffuse liver diseases of HBV etiology to be a risk group of post capsular cataracts' formation. The development of these cataracts is associated with the progress of the basic liver disease. Among practically healthy persons, the initial lens changes are more often observed in carriers of australian antigen. Early signs of lens diseases in children and young or middle-aged adults determine the social meaning of this problem and reasons for the regular ophthalmologic check-up of patients with virus liver diseases and somatically healthy virus carriers.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Interferon status of patients with uveal melanoma].

Interferon status of patients with uveal melanoma was studied at different stages of the disease. All parameters of alpha- and gamma-interferon production were decreased both in vitro and in vivo. The T2-3 stages were associated with an imbalance of the production of two interferon types: augmenting deficiency of alpha-interferon with a tendency to a higher production of gamma-interferon by leukocytes in vitro. Generalization of T3-4N0Mhep melanoma was characterized by hyperproduction of gamma-interferon and total serum interferon. These data indicate a pathogenetic significance of disorders in interferon production in uveal melanoma and may be used for the disease prognosis.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The validation of and approaches to the use of immunocorrective agents in contusive eye trauma].

Patients with contusions of the eye of different severity were examined. The concentrations of cytokines (interleukin 1 beta, alpha-interferon, tumor necrosis factor-alpha), levels of immunoglobulins and circulating immune complexes were measured and organ-specific immunity was studied. Severe and medium-severe contusions of the eyeball were associated with immune shifts at a local and systemic levels. Shifts regarded as adaptation compensatory immune response were detected in medium-severe contusions. Severe contusions involve immunity disorders which are characteristic of developing secondary immunodeficiency. Postcontusion hemorrhages are a clinical factor of risk of pathogenetically unfavorable autoimmune reactions. The efficiency of immunocorrective drugs is discussed.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Clinical variants and immunologic features of rheumatoid uveitis in children of different age].

Variability of clinical manifestations of rheumatoid uveitis, possibility of an atypical course (peripheral or panuveitis), and greater severity and specific features of the disease in case of its early (before the age of 3 years) manifestation are demonstrated on the basis of observations of 79 patients with rheumatoid uveitis. Despite systemic therapy with corticosteroids and cytostatics, no manifest post-steroid immunodeficiency was observed. Moderately expressed gammapathies were detected in 60% cases; hypoimmune states predominated, which were more often detected in children aged under 6 years. No cases of pronounced suppression of functional activity of lymphocytes were observed. Humoral and cellular response to persistent ophthalmotropic infections were observed more rarely than in children with uveitis of other etiology. Positive rheumatoid factor was detected in 9% cases, antinuclear antibodies in 60%. Antibodies to DNA were detected in the sera of 10% examinees, to native and denatured DNA in the lacrimal fluid of 21.2 and 16.7%, respectively. The causes of absence of obvious post-steroid immunodeficiency and relatively low rate of interorgan autosensitization in children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and uveitis are discussed. Further investigation of clinical and immunological correlations are needed for improving the prediction of the course of rheumatoid uveitis and development of treatment strategy.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Comparative study of the role of cytokines in various eye diseases. 2. Diabetic retinopathy].

The role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy and mechanism of action of laser coagulation of the retina were investigated. A total of 110 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus without clinical signs of diabetic retinopathy and at various stages of its development (subclinical, manifest preproliferative, and proliferative) were observed. Twenty-four of them were subjected to laser coagulation of the retina and/or vitrectomy. Control group consisted of 30 healthy donors. Ten cytokines (alpha-IFN, gamma-IFN, GM-CSF, TGF-beta 1, Il-1, Il-4, Il-6, Il-6sR, TNF alpha) were measured in the serum, lacrimal fluid, and vitreous and subretinal fluid collected during operations. The data indicate that excessive or insufficient local and/or systemic production of at least seven cytokines (TNF alpha, gamma-IFN, Il-6, Il-pR, alpha-IFN, Il-8, and RGF-beta 1) can affect the retinal involvement in the pathological process and development of proliferative retinopathy in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The authors defined the criteria which can be used in clinical practice for predicting the manifestation of diabetic retinopathy, progress of the pathological process with formation of proliferative diabetic retinopathy, and the results of treatment by laser coagulation of the retina. The authors consider early immunorehabilitations of diabetics with the aim of preventing the development and progress of diabetic retinopathy a promising approach to treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Experimental study of the effectiveness of the use of imunofan in the treatment of viral diseases of the eye].

The efficiency of local therapy of ocular inflammations with a new drug immunophane was evaluated in experiments. Ophthalmological and morphological methods were used in the study. Experiments on 30 Wistar rats (60 eyes) demonstrated the absence of toxic effect on intact ocular tissues. Therapeutic efficiency of immunophane was demonstrated in 13 rabbits (26 eyes) with ophthalmic herpes. The advantages of subconjunctival injections of immunophane in comparison with instillations of leukocytic interferon are demonstrated.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Humoral immune response to the retinal S-antigen in premature infants and its role in the development and course of retinopathy of prematurity].

The humoral immune response to the retinal S-antigen was studied in premature babies with active and cicatricle stages of retinopathy of the premature (RP) and in the controls (102 serum test). The presence of antibodies to the S-antigen of classes IgG and IgM was established by the enzyme multiplied analysis and by an authors' developed test-system. A definite specific humoral response to the S-antigen correlated with the nature of the course and prognosis of the disease was found in 71% of cases. The first peak of IgM-antibodies was found in babies of the risk-group (preretinopathy), it correlated with a poor prognosis (progression of RP). The second peak was highly pronounced in babies with the terminal cicatricle stages of RP. The wave-like dynamics of IgG-antibodies suggests that specific circulating immune complexes shape up. The role of immune responses, induced by the retinal S-antigen, in the RP pathogenesis is discussed.

Antibody Formation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Antibodies to retinal S antigen in the tear and serum as an indicator of the nature of a course of endogenous uveitis in children].

Antibodies (IgM and IgG) to retinal S antigen were studied by enzyme immunoassay in the tear (n = 135) and blood serum (n = 221) samples taken from 45 children with chronic endogenous uveitis during a follow-up (for 6 months to 5 years). The studies have confirmed the early evidence that detection of serum autoantibodies may be used for the diagnosis of autoimmune and infectious-and-autoimmune uveitis, the verification and prediction of renal alterations, risks for lesions in the second eye in unilateral uveitis and prerecurrence in bilateral uveitis. Criteria for detecting antibodies to lacrimal S antigen were developed. Its has been ascertained that it is expedient to use this procedure as a method for controlling the efficiency of treatment in uveitis involving the posterior parts of the eye, confirming, and predicting the risk for involvement of the retina into an inflammatory process, detecting trends for development of chronic forms of both bilateral and unilateral uveitis. Simultaneous accumulation of IgM and/or IgG antibodies in the lacrimal fluid and serum, as well as imbalance, i.e. a prolonged enhancement of only local or only systemic response to S antigen (of both classes), are prognostically unfavorable.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Hemosorption in multimodal treatment of endogenous uveitis].

Hemoperfusion was used in multiple modality treatment of 92 patients with chronic recurrent endogenic uveitis and uveitis associated with syndromic conditions. The treatment included systemic and local steroids, and antiinflammatory therapy. Clinical improvement was achieved in 75 percent of patients; it was paralleled by improvement of the vision acuity. In the rest patients vision acuity was unchanged because of irreversible impairment of the retina and optic nerve, but uveitis ceased. Addition of hemoperfusion of multiple-modality treatment of uveitis patients resulted in shortening of hospital stay by 6-7 days, in prolongation of remission periods to 10-15 months after a single course of hemoperfusion in 71 percent of patients and after two courses in the rest. A dynamic immunologic analysis has shown normalization of T lymphocyte functional activity, and of blood serum immunoglobulin and circulating immune complexes levels.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗