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O Schwandner

Publications and source records attributed to O Schwandner.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

Laparoscopic colectomy for diverticulitis is not associated with increased morbidity when compared with non-diverticular disease.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: It was the aim of this prospective study to compare the outcome of laparoscopic sigmoid and anterior resection for diverticulitis and non-diverticular disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: All patients who underwent laparoscopic colectomy for benign and malignant disease within a 10-year period were entered into the prospective PC database registry. For outcome analysis, patients who underwent laparoscopic sigmoid and anterior resection for diverticular disease were compared with patients who underwent the same operation for non-inflammatory (non-diverticular) disease. The parameters analyzed included age, gender, co-morbid conditions, diagnosis, procedure, duration of surgery, transfusion requirements, conversion, morbidity including major (requiring reoperation), minor (conservative treatment) and late-onset (postdischarge) complications, stay in the ICU, hospitalization, and mortality. For objective evaluation, only laparoscopically completed procedures were analyzed. Statistics included Student's t-test and chi-square analysis (p<0.05 was considered statistically significant). RESULTS: A total of 676 patients were evaluated including 363 with diverticular disease and 313 with non-inflammatory disease. There were no significant differences in conversion rates (6.6 vs. 7.3%, p>0.05), so that the laparoscopic completion rate was 93.4% (n=339) in the diverticulitis group and 92.7% (n=290) in the non-diverticulitis group. The two groups did not differ significantly in age or presence of co-morbid conditions (p>0.05). In the diverticulitis group, recurrent diverticulitis (58.4%), and complicated diverticulitis (27.7%) were the most common indications, whereas in the non-diverticulitis group, outlet obstruction by sigmoidoceles (30.0%) and cancer (32.4%) were the main indications. The most common procedure was laparoscopic sigmoid resection, followed by sigmoid resection with rectopexy and anterior resection. No significant differences were documented for major complications (7.4 vs. 7.9%), minor complications (11.5 vs. 14.5%), late-onset complications (3.0 vs. 3.5), reoperation (8.6 vs. 9.3%) or mortality (0.6 vs. 0.7%) between the two groups (p>0.05). In the postoperative course, no differences were noted in terms of stay in the ICU, postoperative ileus, parenteral analgesics, oral feeding, and length of hospitalization (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: These data indicate that laparoscopic sigmoid and anterior resection can be performed with acceptable morbidity and mortality for both diverticular disease and non-diverticular disease. The results show in particular that laparoscopic resection for inflammation is not associated with increased morbidity.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Influence of thymidylate synthase and p53 protein expression on clinical outcome in patients with colorectal cancer.

AIMS: Thymidylate synthase (TS) and tumor suppressor p53 are two proteins with an influence on tumor resistance to radio-chemotherapy that is well known. For this reason we tested the effect of TS and p53 expression on clinical outcome (tumor recurrence and survival) in patients after curative tumor resection, especially in patients who received adjuvant radio-chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 120 patients with colorectal cancer were included in the study. A curative resection was possible in 83 patients, and 30 of this group received adjuvant therapy. For the immunohistochemical staining of tumor specimens, monoclonal antibody (mAb) TS 106 against TS and mAb DO-1 against p53 protein were used. TS positivity was defined as a moderate to high staining intensity in the cytoplasma of cells and p53 positivity as nuclear staining of tumor cells in >10% of these cells. RESULTS: Thymidylate synthase immunoreactivity was found in 59% of all cases and p53 staining in 51%. No relation between clinicopathological features and p53 expression was found in contrast to TS expression, where a highly significant association of TS-positive cases with tumor invasion (pT) was observed. Curatively resected patients with a TS-positive tumor developed tumor recurrence/distant metastases significantly more often than TS negative tumors. The same result was found when comparing p53-positive with p53-negative tumors and TS+/p53+ with TS-/p53- tumors. TS expression was highly significantly associated with poor survival and was the strongest independent prognostic factor in multivariate analysis, followed by lymph node status. CONCLUSION: Thymidylate synthase expression seems to be an independent prognostic factor and a possible predictor of tumor recurrence in patients with colorectal cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2004

Rectal prolapse: which surgical option is appropriate?

Numerous surgical procedures have been suggested to treat rectal prolapse. In elderly and high-risk patients, perineal approaches such as Delorme's procedure and perineal rectosigmoidectomy (Altemeier's procedure) have been preferred, although the incidence of recurrence and the rate of persistent incontinence seem to be high when compared with transabdominal procedures. Functional results of transabdominal procedures, including mesh or suture rectopexy and resection-rectopexy, are thought to be associated with low recurrence rates and improved continence. Transabdominal procedures, however, usually imply rectal mobilization and fixation, colonic resection, or both, and some concern is voiced that morbidity, in terms of infection or leakage, and mortality could be increased. If we focus on surgical outcome, our own experience of laparoscopic resection-rectopexy for rectal prolapse shows that the laparoscopic approach is safe and effective, and functional results with respect to recurrence are favorable. However, the controversy "which operation is appropriate?" cannot be answered definitely, as a clear definition of rectal prolapse, the extent of a standardized diagnostic assessment, and the type of surgical procedure have not been identified in published series. Randomized trials are needed to improve the evidence with which the optimal surgical treatment of rectal prolapse can be defined.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Laparoscopic colectomy for recurrent and complicated diverticulitis: a prospective study of 396 patients.

BACKGROUND: It was the aim of this prospective study to evaluate the outcome of laparoscopic surgery for diverticular disease. METHODS: All patients who underwent elective laparoscopic colectomy for diverticular disease within a 10-year period were prospectively entered into a PC database registry. Indications for laparoscopic surgery were acute complicated diverticulitis (Hinchey stages I and IIa), chronically recurrent diverticulitis, sigmoid stenosis or outlet obstruction caused by chronic diverticulitis. Surgical procedures (sigmoid and anterior resection, left colectomy and resection rectopexy) included intracorporeal dissection and colorectal anastomosis. Parameters studied included age, gender, stage of disease, procedure, duration of surgery, intraoperative technical variables, transfusion requirements, conversion rate, total complication rate including major (requiring re-operation), minor (conservative treatment) and late-onset (post-discharge) complication rates, stay on ICU, hospitalisation, mortality, and recurrence. For objective evaluation, only laparoscopically completed procedures were analysed. Comparative outcome analysis was performed with respect to stage of disease and experience. RESULTS: A total of 396 patients underwent laparoscopic colectomy. Conversion rate was 6.8% ( n=27), so that laparoscopic completion rate was 93.2% ( n=369). Most common reasons for conversion were directly related to the inflammatory process, abscess or fistulas. The most common procedure was sigmoid resection ( n=279), followed by anterior resection ( n=36) and left colectomy ( n=29). Total complication rate was 18.4% ( n=68). Major complication rate was 7.6% ( n=28), whereas the most common complication requiring re-operation was haemorrhage in 3.3% ( n=12). Anastomotic leakage occurred in 1.6% ( n=6). Minor complications were noted in 10.7% ( n=40), late-onset complications occurred in 2.7% ( n=10). Mortality was 0.5% ( n=2). Mean duration of surgery was 193 (range 75-400) min, return to normal diet was completed after 6.8 (range 3-19) days. Mean hospital stay was 11.8 (range 4-71) days. No recurrence of diverticulitis occurred. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic surgery for diverticular disease is safe, feasible and effective. Therefore, laparoscopic colectomy has replaced open resection as standard surgery for recurrent and complicated diverticulitis at our institution.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Obstructed defecation].

Adequate therapy of obstructed defecation (pelvic outlet obstruction) is often challenging, as the etiology and clinical symptoms include a wide range of disorders. Standardized diagnostic assessment has to differentiate between obstructed defecation caused by either pelvic outlet obstruction or slow transit constipation. Additionally, morphologic changes of colon, rectum, or the pelvic floor have to be separated from functional disorders. Providing defecography or dynamic MR of the pelvic floor, common causes of outlet obstruction such as sigmoidoceles, in which surgery is indicated, and rectal prolapse can be diagnosed with high accuracy. However, the diagnosis and therapeutic options in symptomatic rectocele and intussusception are controversial. Patients with functional disorders such as rectoanal dyssynergia are candidates for conservative treatment (biofeedback). To identify patients who will benefit from surgery for obstructed defecation, careful patient selection remains the crucial issue in diagnostic assessment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[Differential diagnosis in descending perineum syndrome].

Clinical symptoms in descending perineum syndrome show considerable variations, ranging from obstructed defecation to combined fecal and urinary incontinence and including different types of prolapse. Differential diagnosis has to compete with this complexity. Common pelvic floor disorders associated with descending perineum are rectocele, rectal prolapse, enterocele, and sigmoidocele. Standardized diagnostic tools include detailed history and clinical examination with proctorectoscopy as well as anorectal manometry, endoanal ultrasound, defecography, and dynamic MR of the pelvic floor. The diagnosis and proposed therapy have to be developed within an interdisciplinary concept.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed2004

[Early results of laparoscopic surgical procedures in Crohn's disease].

INTRODUCTION: During the last years laparoscopic surgical procedures are used more frequently in benign bowel diseases like Crohn's disease. We are reporting early results of laparoscopic procedures in Crohn's disease at our hospital. PATIENTS AND METHOD: From 1994 to 2003 54 patients (20 male and 34 female) underwent laparoscopic colonic and small bowel surgery in Crohn's disease. The mean age was 32 years (range: 16 to 55 years). RESULTS: Complications occurred in 6 patients (11.1 %). 3 patients needed a laparotomy. One computed tomography puncture was performed due to a hematoma. The remaining patients are treated successfully non-operatively. No patient died during the perioperative period. The mean operating time was 152 minutes (range 35 to 360 minutes) and the mean postoperative stay in hospital was 10 days (range 6-35 days). 0.2 blood cell concentrates were needed per operation (range 0 to 6), on average. The patients needed no analgesics after the 5 (th) day (range 1 to 13 days), got liquid diet on the 2 (nd) (range 0 to 6 days) and solid diet on the 3 (rd) day after surgery (range 1 to 14 days). DISCUSSION: Laparoscopic surgery in Crohńs disease is safe when performed by an experienced surgeon. The laparoscopic procedure results in a better cosmetic result, while the longer operating time is the mean disadvantage. There are low complication rates during the early postoperative period.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Pouch reconstruction in the pelvis.

ILEAL POUCH RECONSTRUCTION: Proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) is the procedure of choice in mucosal ulcerative colitis (MUC) and familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). Because the disease is cured by surgical resection, functional results, pouch survival prognosis, and disease or dysplasia control are the major determinants of success. There is controversy as to whether the IPAA should be handsewn with mucosectomy or stapled, preserving the mucosa of the anal transitional zone. Crohn's disease is a contraindication for IPAA, but long-term outcome after IPAA is similar to that for MUC in patients with indeterminate colitis who do not develop Crohn's disease. As development of dysplasia and cancer in the ileal pouch have been reported, a standardized surveillance program is mandatory in cases of MUC, FAP, and chronic pouchitis. COLONIC POUCH RECONSTRUCTION: Construction of a colonic pouch is a widely accepted technique to improve functional outcome after low or intersphincteric resection for rectal cancer. Several randomized studies comparing colo-pouch-anal anastomosis (CPA) with straight coloanal anastomosis (CAA) have found the pouch functionally superior. Most controlled studies cover only 1-year follow-up, but randomized studies with 2-year follow-up show similar functional results of CPA and CAA. Evacuation difficulty as initially observed was related to pouch size, and the results with smaller pouches (5-6 cm) are more favorable, showing adequate reservoir function without compromising neorectal evacuation. The transverse coloplasty pouch may offer several advantages to J-pouch reconstruction. Current series question whether the neorectal reservoir is the physiological key of the pouch, but rather the decreased motility. The major advantage reported with colonic pouch reconstruction is the lower incidence of anastomotic complications.

Adenomatous Polyposis Coli↗
PubMed2003

[Limitations of laparoscopic visceral surgery in oncology].

Controversial discussion focuses on the application of laparoscopic curative resection for cancer due to oncologic radicality,tumor cell dissemination, and port site metastases. Considering the limitations of laparoscopic surgery, it is necessary to objectively evaluate whether laparoscopic surgery is associated with an improved quality of curative treatment. Therefore, controlled studies comparing the results of laparoscopic vs conventional cancer surgery are mandatory. To date, comparable findings on short-term outcome of laparoscopy with open resection can only be shown for colorectal cancer. However, long-term data including recurrence and survival are still missing as randomized studies (phase IIIb) are still to be completed. Consequently, laparoscopic curative resection should only be performed within controlled trials. In terms of the upper GI tract, minimally invasive surgery has proven to be technically feasible in expert centers including limited resections for early gastric cancer, left pancreatectomies, or hepatic resections for malignancy. Finally, laparoscopy has gained acceptance in the field of diagnosis (e.g., staging laparoscopy, laparoscopic ultrasound) and palliative treatment (e.g. gastroenterostomy, thermoablation) without the need for controlled studies.

Colorectal Neoplasms↗
PubMed2003

[Surgical therapy of rectal carcinoma].

Total mesorectal excision (TME) has gained a revolutionary impact on the surgical therapy of rectal cancer within the last 2 decades, providing superior local tumor control in comparison to conventional resection. Consequently, 85% of rectal carcinomas can be resected by sphincter-preserving surgery without compromising either oncologic radicality or continence. With the introduction of TME, local recurrence rates have been reliably decreased below 10% after curative resection. Surgical dissection along the connective tissue space between rectal and parietal pelvic fascia with complete mesorectal excision results in reliable excision of all relevant lymphatic pathways with preservation of continence and sexual function. Complete removal of a TME specimen is mandatory in carcinomas of the middle and lower third of the rectum. Both removal of the complete TME specimen and careful pathologic examination of the circumferential resection margin have decisive significance. An additional pelvic lymphadenectomy with the potential risk of increased morbidity does not improve prognosis. As a spread of tumor distally along the bowel wall rarely exceeds a few centimeters, a distal resection margin of 1-2 cm is oncologically sufficient in sphincter-saving procedures without compromising prognosis. Taken together, the convincing results of TME provide a rationale for using TME as the dissection policy of choice to resect rectal cancers in the distal two-thirds of the rectum, despite the absence of direct evidence from prospective randomized trials. The question whether laparoscopic curative resection for rectal cancer is oncologically adequate cannot be definitely answered to date, as results of randomized studies are currently missing. However, the preliminary results of laparoscopic resection for rectal cancer provided by centers are promising.

Anal Canal↗
PubMed2003

[Laparoscopic therapy of colorectal cancer--wishful thinking or realism?].

The laparoscopic resection of the colon and rectum is established for surgery of benign diseases. The main advantages compared to the open-conventional operation technique are reduced postoperative pain, reduced negative influences on pulmonary and gastrointestinal functions as well as a shorter reconvalescence. Minimally invasive curative resections of colorectal carcinomas are still controversially discussed concerning sufficient radicality and the spread of tumor cells. The given oncological standards of the conventional approach can be kept without restriction when resections of the colon and rectum are performed laparoscopically. Newer comparative studies do not describe raised recurrence or lower survival rates following the minimal-invasive procedure. In the coming years prospective randomized multicenter studies must give proof whether or not the long-term survival is comparable with the conventional approach.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

Morbidity and mortality of perforated peptic gastroduodenal ulcer following emergency surgery.

BACKGROUND: This study assessed the surgical concept and prognosis of perforated gastroduodenal ulcers. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Data from 102 patients who underwent emergency surgery for peptic ulcer perforation were recorded prospectively. To evaluate morbidity and mortality ulcer perforation was classified into three types: type A, solitary peripyloric ulcer located anteriorly in which laparoscopic closure by suture with omentoplasty was treatment of choice and postoperative endoscopic biopsy was mandatory; type B, perforated ulcer with large defect in which excision and suture was necessary; type C, complicated perforated ulcer with destruction of proximal duodenum and penetration into adjacent organs in which resectional surgery was indicated. RESULTS: Morbidity and mortality were significantly lower in type A (9%, 4%, respectively) than types B (22%, 20%) and C (34%, 17%). Closure of type A perforation was managed laparoscopically in all cases. Billroth II resection was performed in 75% of type C cases. Age, ASA status, and time of surgery were independent prognostic factors by multivariate analysis, with increased mortality in patients older than 65 years, ASA III and IV, and surgery after 24 h following onset of symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Prognosis of perforated ulcer disease is highly correlated with age, comorbid conditions (ASA status), and time of surgery. The proposed classification system helps to determine patients at risk of mortality.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Polypropylene synthetic mesh modifies growth of human cells in vitro. An experimental study].

INTRODUCTION: The aim of our study was to investigate the influence of polypropylene meshes on the proliferation and apoptosis of human cell cultures in vitro. METHODS: Human fibroblasts and HeLa cells were incubated in different densities (10(4), 3.10(4), 10(5) cells/well) together with polypropylene meshes (Prolene, 2 x 2 cm) in six-well culture dishes over a 48-h period. Cells without meshes served as controls. Cells were spun on slides and stained with the monoclonal antibody MIB-1. To calculate the proliferation indices, stained nuclei were counted. Apoptotic indices were determined by flow cytometric analysis, using FITC-conjugated Annexin-V and propidiumjodide for staining. RESULTS: Fibroblasts showed only a slight reduction of the proliferation index (PI) from 64% (controls) to 60% (meshes). Increasing cell density leads to a decrease in the PI of both groups. The PI of HeLa cells was similar in mesh groups and controls and independent of cell density. The apoptotic index (AI) of fibroblasts was significantly higher in the mesh group (3.7%) in comparison with the controls (1.9%). The same was observed for HeLa cells (AI mesh group: 4.5%, AI controls: 1.2%). Furthermore, an increase of AI was found with increasing cell density in both cell lines. CONCLUSION: Whereas meshes did not influence the proliferation of the cell lines examined, they seem to have a marked influence on apoptosis, as a significant increase of AI was observed in the mesh group in contrast to controls.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

p21, p27, cyclin D1, and p53 in rectal cancer: immunohistology with prognostic significance?

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: This study examined the prognostic value of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p21(Waf1/Cip1) and p27Kip1, and the cell cycle regulating proteins cyclin D1 and p53 after curative surgery for rectal cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples of 160 rectal carcinomas resected curatively within a 5-year period were used. Immunohistochemical analysis used monoclonal antibodies p21(Waf1/Cip1) (clone SX118), p27Kip1 (clone SX53G8), cyclin D1 (clone DCS-6), and p53 (DO-1). Positive nuclear protein expression was assessed at the 10% level. Results of immunohistochemistry were studied for correlation with clinical and histopathological data of the prospective tumor registry including recurrence and patient survival. RESULTS: Of the 160 rectal carcinomas 36% were p21(Waf1/Cip1) positive, 44% p27Kip1 positive, 48% cyclin D1 positive, and 39% p53 positive. The p21(Waf1/Cip1) staining pattern was correlated with p27Kip1 and p53 expression and with UICC stage and lymph node status. p53 status was not correlated to any clinical or histopathological variable. p27Kip1 expression was associated with tumor size and cyclin D1 expression. Tumor progression caused by local and distant recurrence occurred in 20%. p21(Waf1/Cip1), p27Kip1, and p53 were strong predictors of recurrence. p21(Waf1/Cip1) and p53 but not p27Kip1 were independently correlated with disease-free survival. UICC stage was independently related to both recurrence and survival. The best prognosis was in p21(Waf1/Cip1) positive and p53 negative rectal carcinomas. CONCLUSIONS: Reflecting tumor biology by immunohistochemical assessment of cell cycle regulators, p21(Waf1/Cip1) and p53 were independently predictive of prognosis in rectal cancer, and p27Kip1 was independently related to recurrence. However, cyclin D1 had no independent relationship to prognosis. Clinically, UICC stage was a strong predictor of prognosis after curative surgery for rectal cancer.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

[Quality of life assessment after surgery for diverticulitis - a follow-up study].

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic sigmoid resection is a well established procedure for surgical treatment of benign colorectal diseases. The aim of the present study was to assess the longterm quality of life of patients who underwent laparoscopic sigmoid resection for sigmoid diverticulitis. Differences in health related life quality to the open-conventional approach were evaluated in a matched pair analysis (age, gender, Hinchey-Stage, Type of Surgery) using a validated quality of life instrument. METHODS: A total of 45 matched pairs (laparoscopic/open) operated for diverticulitis at stage I-IIa (Hinchey classification) were included in this study. The quality of life was measured with the Short-Form-36-Health Survey (SF-36), a standardized questionnaire with 8 scales and 36 items. The follow-up period was at least 2 years (mean 62.2 months). RESULTS: Pair members (n = 45) operated via laparoscopic or open approach for Hinchey I-IIa diverticulitis were of the same sex (21 female/24 male pairs) and age at time of surgery (range: lap.: 53.5-66 years; open: 53.5-67 years). Mean follow-up periods for patients operated laparoscopically and with open procedure were 2 (range: 1-3) and 7 (range: 5-9) years, respectively. The SF-36 scale scores for both groups appeared high and only slightly below a validated norm population. This represents a high quality of life after open as well as laparoscopic surgery for sigmadiverticulitis. No significant differences were apparent between the 45 matched-pairs. Pairs 65 years old or older presented no significantly different score values compared to those younger than 65 years. CONCLUSIONS: The long-term follow-up data in this age and sex matched pair analysis showed favorable results after open as well as laparoscopic surgery for sigmadiverticulitis. No statistically significant differences were observed between the two surgical techniques. Self-reports by the patient concerning his or her health condition, recovery and quality of life following any surgical procedure are needed to assess valid outcome data of new surgical treatments including a critical evaluation of all its benefits and burdens.

Aged↗