PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

O Slot

Publications and source records attributed to O Slot.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

[Epidural glucocorticoid injection in lumbago sciatica].

Within the past decades, epidural steroid injections have been used in the treatment of severe low back pain and sciatica. In reviewing papers for this article an effort is made to concentrate on those that meet commonly accepted research design criteria, such as being blinded, randomized and prospective. The risks and the advantages of the procedure are discussed. Some of the studies report an efficient reduction in low back pain and sciatica for a longer period. Risks of more serious complications are low using the right technique. However, the results are to some extent conflicting. Future correctly designed studies are necessary to clarify whether the injection should be a supplement to the established treatment of low back pain and sciatica.

Glucocorticoids↗
PubMed1996

[Gouty arthritis in women. The clinical picture in 13 newly diagnosed cases].

The clinical characteristics and symptoms at the time of diagnosis in 13 women with crystal-proven gouty arthritis were reviewed in a retrospective study based on hospital records. Twelve patients were at the age of 60 or older (median 74 years). Tophaceous gout occurred in four, oligo- or polyarticular involvement in seven. Six patients had actual symptoms for two months or more, only one of these seemed to have had previous acute gouty attacks. The arthritis occurred evenly in the upper and lower extremities. Ten (77%) were in diuretic treatment, 12 (92%) had diseases associated with hyperuricaemia. Only nine (69%) had serum urate concentrations over the upper limit of normal range (0.35 mmol/l).

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Hyperuricemia].

Uric acid is formed by catabolism of purine nucleotides. Approximately 25% is excreted through the intestines and the rest through the kidneys. A little less than 5% of the population in western industrialised countries have hyperuricaemia, primarily men and postmenopausal women. Hyperuricaemia is in most cases caused by reduced renal excretion, which may be idiopathic with otherwise normal renal function. But the condition is often associated with hypertension, nephropathy and treatment with diuretics and certain other drugs. Hyperuricaemia due to increased purine metabolism is seen in malignant haematological diseases, other conditions with increased cellular turnover and during initiation of chemotherapy in malignant diseases. Moreover hyperuricaemia is associated with some metabolic disturbances and risk factors of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease including hypertension, overweight, insulin resistance and hyperlipidaemia. Hyperuricaemia is rarely caused by constitutional enzymatic abnormalities influencing purine metabolism. In most cases hyperuricaemia is asymptomatic. It may though be complicated by gout, urolithiasis and possibly gouty nephropathy. The risk of complications is correlated to the degree and duration of hyperuricemia. Consequently, measures to affect predisposing and associated conditions should be taken including weight reduction, physical exercise and diet guidance, treatment of hypertension and possibly changes in medication. Urate lowering drug treatment is normally not indicated in asymptomatic hyperuricaemic individuals.

Gout↗
PubMed1994

[Arthritis urica. Clinical picture, diagnosis and treatment].

Gout is an acute episodic monarthritis or chronic pauci- or polyarticular arthritis. The symptoms of gout are induced by monosodium-urate crystals that are liberated from accumulations in connective tissue structures, primarily cartilage. Deposition of monosodium-urate crystals is caused by hyperuricaemia, which is dealt with in a previous paper. Only a minority of persons with hyperuricaemia develop gout, however. The diagnosis is based on detection of urate crystals in synovial fluid or tophi. Acute gout is treated with antiinflammatory agents, primarily NSAIDs or colchicine. Predisposing diseases and associated conditions such as hypertension, diuretic drugs, overweight and nephropathy should be controlled as well as possible. In patients with recurrent attacks of acute gout or chronic gout, treatment with urate lowering drugs, principally allopurinol, should be given. Treatment with allopurinol should be adjusted according to levels of serum urate and renal function. Serious complications to allopurinol treatment have been described.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents↗
PubMed1989

[The disease course in patients admitted to a rehabilitation department following spinal cord injuries].

Epidemiologic data from 109 patients admitted to hospital in the period 1/1/1980-/31/12/1984 with spinal cord injuries are presented. The mean age was 29 years, there was a preponderance of males and the most frequent cause of the spinal cord injury was road accidents. The material was compared with the epidemiologic and social data of other studies. A total of 58 patients, chiefly users of wheelchairs, were followed up on average six years after the first admission. It was thus possible to form an idea of the complications of the spinal cord injury and the effectiveness of the treatment. The premorbid educational level of the patients was relatively low. The most frequent complications were spasms (74%), pressure sores (67%), pains (58%), and frequent urinary tract infections (71%). The consumption of medicine reflected the pattern of complications. The most common method of micturition was reflex voiding by tapping. These results were comparable with previous studies. It is concluded that the treatment of spinal cord injuries is a specialised task and only continuous evaluation can ensure optimum treatment.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1989

The fibrinolytic system during short-term treatment with tenoxicam.

The effect of 20 mg tenoxicam once daily for 7 days on various components of the fibrinolytic system was studied in 10 healthy volunteers. Plasma plasminogen, antithrombin 3, and prekallikrein decreased significantly while plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor increased significantly. The medication did not affect fibrin plate lysis area or the plasma level of plasminogen activator, alpha-2-antiplasmin, alpha-2-macroglobulin, C1 inactivator or Factor XII. It is suggested that these changes may be caused by interference with hepatic enzyme systems. The reduction in plasma prekallikrein may indicate that tenoxicam exerts its anti-inflammatory effect by more than one mechanism.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Release of 5-aminosalicylic acid from Pentasa during normal and accelerated intestinal transit time.

The influence of intestinal transit time on the release of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) from a peroral, slow-release preparation (Pentasa) was studied at steady state in seven healthy volunteers. Daily dose was 1500 mg Pentasa, normal transit time (NTT) was 24 h (16-26 h) and accelerated transit time (ATT), caused by a laxative, was 5 h (4-9 h). Median total recovery (24 h, 5-ASA + acetyl-5-ASA) was 87% (61-129%) (NTT) and 81% (56-100%) (ATT), respectively, (P greater than 0.10). The total faecal excretion of 5-ASA (per cent of dose) increased from 16%, (9-21%) (NTT) to 29%, (16-38%) (ATT) (P less than 0.02). Free 5-ASA rose from 12% (4-19%) to 17% (10-25%), the retained part (in granules) from 4% (2-5%) to 12% (4-24%). Urinary excretion decreased correspondingly from 32% (19-59%) to 21% (11-38%), predominantly as Ac-5-ASA (P less than 0.05). Mean plasma Ac-5-ASA concentration decreased from 1.42 micrograms ml-1 to 0.86 microgram ml-1 (P less than 0.05). An almost complete release of 5-ASA from Pentasa takes place during NTT. At ATT conditions about 88% is released, indicating Pentasa to be an acceptable source of 5-ASA in diarrhoeal states.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Erectile and ejaculatory function of males with spinal cord injury.

The object of the study was to investigate the frequency of physiological sexual dysfunction in a population of men with spinal cord injury (SCI). A questionnaire-based survey of admissions during 1980-84 was undertaken at a regional spinal cord injury rehabilitation unit. Male patients aged 20-63 years with complete or incomplete tetraplegia or paraplegia living in their own homes were included in the study; 43 complied with inclusion criteria, and 38 answered the questionnaire. Ninety-five per cent of the patients stated that they could obtain an erection, 61% on a purely reflex basis; 66% stated that erection was sufficient for coitus, and 45% that they could obtain ejaculation/emission. More patients with incomplete than complete lesions reported ability to obtain ejaculation/emission. Significantly, more of the patients aged below 30 years reported erection sufficient for coitus (p less than 0.05). Forty-five per cent of the patients experienced complications of sexual activity, mainly in the form of bladder dysfunction and pain or spasms. In conclusion, SCI is usually accompanied by considerable sexual dysfunction, but most patients are still capable of functioning sexually. Thus, in the rehabilitation process after SCI, sexual counselling and information may be valuable.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Rehabilitation outcome for patients with spinal cord injury.

A follow-up study of 58 patients with spinal cord injury was conducted. As measure of function the Barthel index was used. There was correlation between functional capacity and ability of self-care as well as some social determinants. However, no association was found with employment rate or certain other determinants of independent living, such as going on a holiday. We conclude that the severity of the lesion is a fundamental factor in determining the outcome, but factors related to personal and psychosocial variables, not easily measured, also have great influence on the rehabilitation process.

Activities of Daily Living↗