Biomedical subjects
O V Andreeva
Publications and source records attributed to O V Andreeva.
[Clinical and neurophysiological aspects of epilepsy with photosensitivity].
Using mapping EEG with dipole source location, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), and visual evoked potential (VEP), clinico-neurophysiological analysis of photosensitivity was carried out in 7 patients with different types of epilepsy. In all the patients, an increase of visual response amplitude in VEP assessment and location of photogenic and eye-closing spike activity was observed in parietal and occipital areas that suggested a significant role of the striate and para striate cortex, along with primary projection cortex, in photosensitivity. Although motor cortex excitability by TMS causes hypersynchronization of the background activity and increase of slow wave discharge on the EEG after TMS. TMS is supposed to cause an activation of antiepileptic system.
[Central and peripheral hemodynamics in patients with essential hypertension on a fasting diet].
Effectiveness of an antihypertensive action of fasting therapy was studied in 147 patients with arterial hypertension stage I-II. Estimation of systolic and diastolic functions of the left ventricle in patients with arterial hypertension was carried out using stress echocardiography with isometric loading. Dynamics of systolic and diastolic arterial pressure (AP) and changes in the hyperbaric index for diastolic AP were assessed at 24-h AP monitoring. The course of fasting therapy consisting of a 2-week fasting period and the recovery period of the same duration resulted in a statistically significant reduction of weight, a decrease of average daily systolic and diastolic AP, lowering of the hyperbaric index of diastolic AP and improvement of the diastolic reserve of the left ventricle. 24-h AP monitoring and stress echocardiography within 3 months showed a high clinical effectiveness of fasting therapy.
[Optimization of dosing of finlepsin and finlepsin-retard in patients with partial epilepsy on the basis of population modeling and drug monitoring].
Taking into account the drug monitoring data, twenty-six patients with partial epilepsy were treated with finlepsin (carbamazepin) and finlepsin-retard. According to the therapy, the patients were grouped as following: 11 patients were taking finlepsin, 10--finlepsin-retard and 5 were first treated with finlepsin and then, because of the lack of the effect, assigned to finlepsin-retard. The seizures severity was assessed using special seizures severity scale. Better clinical results (remission and reduction of seizures severity) were found in patients treated with finlepsin-retard as compared to those from other groups. Due to monitoring, a remission was reached using the lower finlepsin dosage. The authors confirm individuality of pharmacokinetic parameters, a need in precise individual treatment strategy and a necessity for controlling drug levels in plasma after replacing one form for another.
[Dynamics of the personality profile and cognitive functions in finlepsin treatment of partial epilepsy].
The aim of modern antiepileptic therapy is not only to decrease frequency of the seizures and to prevent their rise, but to decrease negative consequences of the treatment too. It is, first of all, to decrease the influence of the antiepileptic preparations on the cognitive functions and, therefore, on quality of the patients' life. During therapy of 40 patients (8-57 year-olds) with partial epilepsy the severity of the seizures as well as emotional and cognitive functions of the patients were evaluated. A significant decrease of the severity of the seizures was observed during therapy with finlepsin-retard (p < 0.002). These changes correlated both with a decrease of anxiety according to MMPI questionnaire (p < 0.0001) and with an increase of the volume of the short-term imaginary memory. Finlepsin-retard is effective therapy for epilepsy.
Sp22D: a multidomain serine protease with a putative role in insect immunity.
Serine proteases play critical roles in a variety of insect immune responses; however, few of the genes that code for these enzymes have been cloned. Here, we describe the molecular characterization of a serine protease gene from the mosquito Anopheles gambiae. Sp22D codes for a 1322 amino acid polypeptide with a complex domain organization. In addition to the carboxy terminal serine protease catalytic domain, Sp22D contains two putative chitin binding domains, a mucin-like domain, two low density lipoprotein receptor class A domains, and two scavenger receptor cysteine rich domains. A typical signal peptide sequence and a lack of potential transmembrane helices suggest that Sp22D is secreted. Sp22D is expressed constitutively in three immune-related cell types: adult hemocytes, fat body cells, and midgut epithelial cells. Wounding induces no changes in transcript abundance, but within 1h after injection of bacteria, Sp22D mRNA increases 1.5-fold. Based on domain organization, tissue distribution, and transcriptional up-regulation in response to immune challenge, we suggest that Sp22D has an immune function. In addition, we predict that Sp22D is secreted into the hemolymph where it may interact with pathogen surfaces and initiate an immune response.
Molecular characterization of five serine protease genes cloned from Anopheles gambiae hemolymph.
We identified five new serine protease cDNAs from the hemolymph of the malaria vector, Anopheles gambiae. All five show sequence similarity to genes thought to be involved in vertebrate or invertebrate defense responses. Sp14A, Sp14D2 and Sp22D demonstrate changes in transcript abundance in response to bacteria injections. Sp14A and Sp14D2, as well as the previously characterized Sp14D1, are induced by infection with the malaria parasite, Plasmodium berghei. These three proteases, along with Sp18D, are related to a group of secreted proteases that have amino-terminal clip domains and trypsin-like substrate specificity. BLAST results and phylogenetic analyses group Sp14A, Sp14D1 and Sp14D2 with the Drosophila protease EASTER, and three prophenoloxidase activating enzymes from other insects. EASTER's substrate is SPAETZLE, a ligand involved in embryogenesis but also in activating anti-microbial peptide synthesis. Their similarity to EASTER and immune inducibility suggest that one of these proteases may activate a SPAETZLE-like ligand during anti-parasite responses in mosquitoes. Alternatively, as potential prophenoloxidase activators, Sp14A, Sp14D1 or Sp14D2 may play a role in melanotic encapsulation of Plasmodium.
[Modified screening of lung diseases in industrial workers].
The paper summarizes the results obtained at examination of industrial workers using a modified screening. This included questionnaires, oriented general examination, evaluation of external respiration with its monitoring during working hours. Such approach proved informative and provided a sufficient symptom complex to make diagnosis of occupational asthma.
[The potentialities and results of the etiologic diagnosis of acute pneumonias].
The paper deals with the results of the joint Soviet-Hungarian study for the determination of etiology of acute pneumonias. Study included 617 patients. The bacteriologic and serologic methods were used to reveal the causative agent of the disease. Prevalence of Streptococcus pneumoniae (33-49%) in the etiologic structure of acute pneumonias was established both in the USSR and Hungary. In many cases pneumonia is also caused by Haemophilus influenzae (21-22%). In 15-31% of the cases the causative agent of pneumonia is gram-negative microorganisms. A protracted course of acute pneumonia is due to the complex associations of microorganisms including S. pneumoniae. A conclusion has been drawn to the effect that the initial antibacterial therapy should be started with administration of antibiotics that act effectively on S. pneumoniae.
[Radionuclide studies with a dynamic kidney phantom].
Altogether 120 studies with a dynamic kidney phantom (DKP) were conducted permitting one to imitate the normal functioning of the kidneys or different pathological states of the organ. The studies were conducted with the help of a gamma-chamber of MV-9100 type using a computer system SEGAMS (Hungary) and a chronoscope RIKh-5M-01. On completion of the experiment the activity-time curves were plotted characterizing the time course of the passage of a radioactive tracer through phantom cylinders that imitate the kidneys. The results obtained have demonstrated DKP potentialities for the imitation of various renal functional states. Studies with a DKP make it possible to select an optimum regimen for research and to assess the quality of performance of nuclear medical diagnostic equipment.
[Repair of membrane damage caused by low temperature freezing of E. coli cells].
Low temperature freezing of E. coli cells causes an almost complete cell damage. A transfer of the frozen cells to nutritional media results in a repair of some of the damages, i.e. in reconstitution of the barrier stability of the E. coli outer membrane detected by a decrease in sensitivity of the frozen cells to the detergent and lysozyme action and in a change of the cell membrane potential measured by the penetrating ion method. The repair of the cytoplasmic membrane damage is followed by the changes in the permeability barrier for H+ and endogenous substrates, which results in restoration of ATP synthesis as a response to the artificial proton motive force and in an induction of beta-galactosidase synthesis. At the same time the synthesis of the periplasmic protein, alkaline phosphatase, in the cells after repair remains suppressed. An analysis of various biosynthetic processes demonstrated that the inhibition of lipid synthesis completely suppresses the reduction processes, while protein synthesis is not necessary for the repair. The importance of the transmembrane electrochemical proton gradient for the repair processed in E. coli cells was established; the ATP biosynthesis essential for the repair occurs, in all probability, via the glycolytic pathway and not via oxidative phosphorylation.
[Economic stimulation as a factor of enhancing the effectiveness of health care].
How to achieve a higher efficiency in managing the activities of the subjects of the compulsory health insurance (CHI) system is considered in the paper. In the authors' opinion, they are, to a considerable extent, caused by the existing economic levers aimed at optimizing the activities of its main subjects such as medical service producers and purchasers. The results of introduction of economic stimulation mechanisms into practice of the CHI system are given. These mechanisms used on a specific territory may enhance the total level of efficiency of the activities of therapeutical-and-prophylactic institutions and insurers.
[On the problem of secondary toxicosis in acute gastroitestinal diseases in infants].
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[The effect of dehydration dynamics on the characteristics of the E. coli cells].
It was shown that NMR and IR-spectroscopy may be employed to study the dynamics of cell dehydration on E. coli as an example. It was noted that the withdrawal of the cell binding water causes an increase of the relative protein quantity in beta-turn. Similar dependences on the relative humidity have been obtained both for chemical shift and the changes of the secondary protein structure and the number of viable cells. It was concluded that the processes associated with binding water removal should be considered as one of the main factors, causing the inactivation of the bacterial cells.
[The use of the orthostatic test in practical medical flight expertise in civil aviation].
Comparison of results from HDT administered with different techniques showed that 5-10 min in vertical position are enough to adequately evaluate mechanisms of circulation control. By that time hemodynamic shifts get stabilized. More precise assessment of the circulation regulation can be made when HDT is administered from initial supine rather than sitting position. Analysis of the ECG dynamics allows to elicit latent myocardial injuries. The exact quantitative characteristic of orthostatic disturbances makes it possible to give their pathophysiological estimate.