Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to O V Kuznetsova.
The authors studied influence of chemical hazards with various characteristics on bronchial permeability. Workers exposed to organic chemicals demonstrated respiratory complaints and spirometric signs of bronchial obstruction 1.3-1.8 times more frequently. Longer length of service in hazardous conditions is associated with higher occurrence of bronchial obstruction and more intensive changes of lipid peroxidation.
Findings are that prevalence of COLD among workers of chemical industrial complex in Kemerovo city, who contact organic chemicals, is 1.6 times higher than that among those in contact with irritants and 5.4 times higher than that in reference group. Chemical industry workers develop dysbalance of pro- and antioxidant processes, that is maximal in those contacting organic solvents.
Related lines of Drosophila melanogaster selected for reproductive activity for more than 750 generations were studied. Results of the long-term selection experiment support D.K. Belyaev's concept of destabilizing selection. Selection for a behavioral trait (male mating activity) affected the intrinsic structure of the organism. Flies of the low-activity line (LA) exhibited numerous morphological, biochemical, and physiological alterations. Variation rate in the selected lines was accelerated; appearing mutations were often allelic and nonrandomly distributed over chromosomes. Selection was shown to mediate novel sources of variability, e.g., induction and repression of the hobo hybrid dysgenesis. In the process of selection, a genetically determined program of hobo transpositions in the genome was formed.
Genetic analysis of line T32 of Drosophila melanogaster, which is able to reproduce at 32 degrees C, was conducted. To estimate the contributions of chromosomes Y, X, 2, and 3 to the determination of the trait of male sterility at 31 degrees C, lines were synthesized in which chromosomes of T32 and Canton S were substituted with marked chromosomes. Estimation of frequencies of sterile males in lines with substituted chromosomes indicates that genes controlling male fertility at high temperatures are located mainly in chromosome 3. The Y-chromosome of line T32 was shown to significantly affect male fertility at high temperature.
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Results of examining the blood serum of 90 patients with disseminated sclerosis, 94 patients with other nervous diseases, and 20 healthy subjects using the glia migration inhibition test are presented. It is shown that the index of the glia migration inhibition (IGMI) gets higher during exacerbation of the disseminated sclerosis and drops in cases of relative stabilization of the clinical manifestations and remission. In the course of treatment with immunodepressants, such as, prednisolone (alone, or in combination with cyclophosphan) and antilymphocytic immunoglobulin, the IGMI falls down. Possible use of the IGMI for determining the indications for the immunodepressant therapy and for solving differential diagnostic and therapy control problems is discussed.
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The analysis of the intestinal microflora in 2,378 patients of different age revealed changes in the state of enteric microflora in all examined patients. In the maximum percent of cases a decrease in the amount of bifidobacteria was observed in children of up to 1 month old and in the amount of lactobacilli, in children aged 6 - 14 years. In patients of all age groups the representatives of such facultative microflora as Staphylococcus aureus or fungi of the genus Candida dominated. The highest proportion of isolated staphylococci was characteristic of children in the first year of life. In the highest percent of cases a decrease in the amount of Escherichia coli with typical properties was observed in persons over 65 years old. Other enterobacteria were most often isolated from adults aged 56 - 65, but the percentage of their isolation was 1.5 times lower than that of Candida. The conclusion was made that the treatment of patients with quantitative and qualitative disturbances of normal enteric microflora needed individual approach in each concrete case with due regard to the patient's age.
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The results of the statistical treatment of data on the analyses of 766 children, the residents of Moscow, for dysbacteriosis are presented; of these children, 34 were aged up to 1 month and 732, from 1 month to 1 year. This study revealed that in the fist year of life in children with dysbacteriosis the dominating bacterial species were S. aureus, bacteria of the genus Klebsiella and fungi of the genus Candida. From the intestine of children aged up to 1 month S. aureus and Klebsiella were isolated more often than from children aged up to 1 year. The results of the study of antibioticograms demonstrated that 21.6% of S. aureus strains and 74.4% of Klebsiella strains were multiresistant to antibiotics. Taking into account the fact that multiresistance to antibiotics was characteristic of hospital strains, the suggestion was made that the isolated strains were of hospital origin and such strains could colonize the intestine of children in maternity hospitals.