O Zaro Weber | PubMed Health

PubMed2001

Age related signal decrease in functional magnetic resonance imaging during motor stimulation in humans.

Right handed healthy volunteers underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) examinations on a 1.5 Tesla MRI-scanner (Gyroscan ACS NT; Philips, Best, NL). Blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) images were obtained using a three dimensional multi-shot echo planar imaging sequence employing a shifted echo technique (Principles of echo shifting with a train of observations). Finger tapping of the right hand was used as a task for motor stimulation. A total of 86 subjects was included into statistical analysis. Absolute and relative signal differences and cluster sizes of activation for the left motor cortex were obtained. In addition, Z-score, pooled Z-score and cross correlation activation maps were calculated and matched with high resolution anatomic images. A significant decrease with age could be detected for absolute and relative signal intensity differences for the whole group and for the male subgroup. Correlation analysis for the female subgroup also bore negative albeit non-significant correlation coefficients. An age-related decline of BOLD-contrast can be assumed to explain signal decrease. This age-related effect should be considered in clinical fMRI applications.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

[Artifacts in MR Imaging due to ventilation tubes].

UNLABELLED: Artifacts in MR Imaging due to ventilation tubes. PURPOSE: MR examinations may be necessary in patients under artificial ventilation. Possible imaging artifacts originating from ventilation tubing made from silicone are demonstrated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In silicone carbohydrate residues are bound to silicon atoms. In silicone gels they give strong signals in MR imaging. MR signals from more solid silicone rubber are only possible if the carbohydrate residues in the molecular chain retain a sufficient mobility. To investigate whether silicone tubes give signals in MR images, different tubes for ventilation made from silicone and polyester were examined at 1.5 T (Gyroscan ACS NT, Powertrak 6000 gradients) with MR imaging and spectroscopy (MRS: PRESS, TE = 20 ms; relaxation time measurements: MIXED sequence; imaging: FFE [gradient echo] and TSE sequences). RESULTS: Using short TE (</= 4 ms), tubes and sockets made from silicone could be imaged with FFE and SE sequences. An SE sequence with a short TE = 4 ms provided a sufficient signal intensity to depict the tube clearly besides brain tissue of a volunteer. When foldover occurred, the signal of the tube was projected onto the brain tissue. MR spectra confirmed that the image signal originated from the carbohydrate residues of the silicone molecule chains, not from residual water in the tube wall material. T(2) determinations indicate a multiexponential relaxation including a large component with a short TE (</= 15 ms). Tubes made from a polyester elastomere did not show up in MR images. CONCLUSION: In MR images acquired with very short echo times silicone in ventilation tubes may produce significant artifacts.

Adult↗