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Biomedical subjects

O Zinder

Publications and source records attributed to O Zinder.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Prediction of the presence of ovarian cancer at surgery by an immunochemical panel: CA 125 and copper-to-zinc ratio.

Preoperative levels of the trace elements copper and zinc, in addition to the level of the known marker CA 125, were studied in sera of 32 patients undergoing exploratory laparotomy for suspicion of ovarian cancer and in sera of 49 patients with the diagnosis of ovarian cancer prior to second-look operation. Most patients (63/81) had stage III or IV disease. CA 125 levels greater than 35 U/ml, copper levels greater than 1.5 mg/liter, and zinc levels less than 0.9 mg/liter were considered pathologic. An immunochemical panel composed of CA 125 serum level and ratio of copper to zinc (Cu/Zn) (normal less than 1.65) was found to be most sensitive (98%) in predicting the existence of ovarian cancer before laparotomy, and its overall predictability was 89%. In 14 of 14 patients (100%) who had complete primary surgery for ovarian cancer, the panel was correct in predicting no tumor at second-look operation. In 13 of 14 patients (93%) who had incomplete primary surgery but had no clinical evidence of disease prior to second-look operation, the panel was correct in predicting ovarian cancer. In these two groups of patients, second-look operation could have been replaced by the results of the immunochemical panel.

Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate↗
PubMed1989

International Federation of Clinical Chemistry Education Division and International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry Clinical Chemistry Division Commission on Teaching of Clinical Chemistry. Guidelines (1988) for training in clinical laboratory management.

Trainees in laboratory medicine must develop skills in laboratory management. Guidelines are detailed for laboratory staff in training, directors responsible for staff development and professional bodies wishing to generate material appropriate to their needs. The syllabus delineates the knowledge base required and includes laboratory planning and organisation, control of operations, methodology and instrumentation, data management and statistics, financial management, clinical use of tests, communication, personnel management and training, and research and development. Methods for achievement of the skills required are suggested. A bibliography of IFCC publications and other material is provided to assist in training in laboratory management.

Chemistry, Clinical↗
PubMed1989

International Federation of Clinical Chemistry (IFCC), Education Division. Guidelines (1988) for training in clinical laboratory management.

Trainees in laboratory medicine must develop skills in laboratory management. Guidelines are detailed for laboratory staff in training, directors responsible for staff development and professional bodies wishing to generate material appropriate to their needs. The syllabus delineates the knowledge base required and includes laboratory planning and organisation, control of operations, methodology and instrumentation, data management and statistics, financial management, clinical use of tests, communication, personnel management and training, and research and development. Methods for achievement of the skills required are suggested. A bibliography of IFCC publications and other material is provided to assist in training in laboratory management.

Chemistry, Clinical↗
PubMed1988

Thiamin status of the offspring of diabetic rats.

Erythrocyte transketolase activity and thiamin pyrophosphate effect were examined in the offspring of streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Thiamin reserve was found to be significantly reduced in litters of untreated diabetic rats as compared to control and to insulin-treated diabetic rats. Supplementation of the untreated diabetic dams throughout pregnancy with oral thiamin was associated with a significantly improved thiamin status of the litters. We conclude that, due to enhanced fetal glucose turnover during diabetic gestation, a fetal thiamin deficiency state may evolve; this condition can be remedied with maternal thiamin supplementation.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Prostatic ejaculate in assigned males with 46,XX congenital adrenal hyperplasia.

Two assigned males with 46,XX congenital virilizing adrenal hyperplasia due to 11 beta-hydroxylase deficiency reported an ejaculation of thick fluid. Chemical analysis revealed that the fluids bore a resemblance to normal prostatic fluids. Extreme virilization in utero seems to have produced both complete virilization of external genitalia and development of a prostate.

Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital↗
PubMed1986

Natural killer cell activity in post-necrotic cirrhotic patients as related to hepatitis-B virus infection and plasma zinc levels.

In view of the suggested physiological role of natural killer (NK) cells in immunosurveillance and defence against viral infections, we have investigated the relationship between hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and NK activity against K-562 cells in patients with post-necrotic cirrhosis. Overall, the NK activity in cirrhotic patients did not differ from age- and sex-matched controls. However, cirrhotic males with evidence of HBV infection with or without HBs antigenemia tend to have lower NK activity than controls. Cirrhotic males without evidence of HBV infection do not differ from controls. Such a trend was not observed in the female cirrhotic patients examined. In addition significantly reduced NK activity was observed in cirrhotic patients with low plasma zinc levels. This relationship is of interest because of the known association between zinc deficiency and various immunodeficiencies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia in hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, an enigma.

In a search of features that might be relevant to the understanding of the hyperbilirubinaemia of infants with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS), we examined the duodenal fluid in 11 infants with this condition. Four (36%) had an unconjugated bilirubin level above 2.5 mg/dl in the serum. Levels of electrolytes, bicarbonate, liver function tests and cholesterol were similar in the jaundiced and the non-icteric infants. Examination of duodenal fluid for pH, concentration of bilirubin, bile salts, electrolytes and beta-glucuronidase levels also did not disclose any significant differences between the HPS patients and the controls. Bacterial culture of the fluid yielded similar results in both groups. We may conclude that the unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia observed in some patients with HPS is not associated with overgrowth of bacteria, changes in glucuronidase levels, pH, electrolytes or biliary obstruction.

Bilirubin↗
PubMed1986

Use of the serum copper/zinc ratio in the differential diagnosis of ovarian malignancy.

We measured copper and zinc in serum (n = 82) and tumor tissue (n = 41) from women with a palpable pelvic mass, admitted for suspected ovarian tumor. In serum, copper was increased and zinc decreased in the group (n = 40) subsequently proven to have a malignant ovarian tumor. The mean copper/zinc ratio in this group was 2.30 (SD 0.41), significantly (p less than 0.001) higher than for the benign group (n = 42), 1.43 (SD 0.22). In tumor tissue the concentrations of copper and zinc followed the same pattern, the copper/zinc ratio being significantly (p less than 0.001) higher in the malignant (0.158, SD 0.065) tumors than in the benign tissue (0.093, SD 0.04). We conclude that the Cu/Zn ratio in serum reliably (specifically) indicates the presence of advanced ovarian malignant tumor. The decreased concentrations of zinc and the increased concentrations of copper in serum do not seem to result from a shift of zinc into or release of copper out of the malignant tumor tissue.

Copper↗
PubMed1985

Laboratory-clinician interaction and the interpretation of test results.

Medical care has become more complex and dependent on technological innovations such as computerised tomography and laser surgery. The use of computers for diagnostic purposes and the emergency of the field of artificial intelligence as purveyor of the medical data base, have given the practitioners a very large body of data to which they must apply their considerable ability. However, the more methods become sophisticated and technically advanced, the greater the need for close cooperation and sharing of expertise between the various components of the delivery of health services. In this context, the clinical laboratory is an amplification of the physician's senses so that he can 'see', 'hear' and 'feel' at cellular, molecular and atomic levels. This is carried out by optimised use of laboratory capabilities by the clinical biochemist and the physician. The bedside is the meeting point between the clinician and his consultants and the patient. It is here that a decision will be made that will have a profound effect on the health of the patient. The ability of the clinical biochemist to design test strategies, control sample handling and interpret laboratory data, is greatly enhanced by having him at the bedside, in close cooperation with the physician. This relationship between the patient, the physician and the laboratory is seen in Figure 6.2. The physician, even with the most sophisticated and modern bedside instruments, cannot be expected to be an expert in properly evaluating test results. He is an expert in synthesising a large body of expert evidence into diagnosis and treatment of his patient. Refusing to consult the clinical biochemist on the interpretation of laboratory data or receiving non-expert consultation can have serious consequences to the patient. However, the clinical biochemist can only truly provide expert analysis if he is 'near' the patient and can be attuned to his physical as well as his emotional and social state which have a great influence on the interpretation of his physiological status. This latter aspect was extremely well put by Peabody almost 60 years ago and is still correct today. Clinical biochemistry must be 'near' the patient to fully realise its professional status.

Blood Specimen Collection↗
PubMed1984

An osmotic mechanism for exocytosis from dissociated chromaffin cells.

Dissociated chromaffin cells from bovine adrenal medulla were stimulated to secrete epinephrine and dopamine beta-hydroxylase with a variety of secretagogues in a study designed to test the hypothesis that the chemiosmotic lysis reaction of isolated chromaffin granules might in some way be related to the mechanism of release during exocytosis. Increasing the osmotic strength of the incubation medium with either NaCl or sucrose led to suppression of secretion of epinephrine from the cells regardless of whether secretion was induced with veratridine or acetylcholine. Suppression of secretion was approximately exponential with respect to osmotic strength. Epinephrine secretion occurred only if the medium contained a permeant anion such as chloride, and secretion induced by veratridine was suppressed when Na isethionate replaced NaCl in the medium. In an extensive study with different monovalent anions veratridine supported epinephrine secretion according to the following activity series: Br-, I-, NO3- greater than methylsulfate, SCN- greater than Cl greater than acetate much greater than isethionate. A similar series, except for the potency of NO3-, was observed with A23187 as agonist. In general, the anion series for granule lysis was analogous. However, there was a poor quantitative correlation between the anion dependence of chemiosmotic granule lysis and the anion dependence of cell secretion. Anion transport inhibitors such as probenecid and pyridoxal phosphate also inhibited secretion while the stilbene disulfonates were inactive. The ineffectiveness of the stilbene disulfonates further distinguished chemiosmotic granule lysis from cell secretion. Secretion of catecholamines, induced by veratridine or nicotine, a cholinergic agonist, was suppressed when NaCl in the medium was replaced by isosmotic sucrose and unexpectedly low levels of dopamine beta-hydroxylase were observed in some cases. In sum, these properties of secreting chromaffin cells resembled some properties of isolated chromaffin granules incubated in ATP and Cl-, but were different in a number of instances. We, therefore, have interpreted our data to indicate that while some mechanistic relationships may indeed exist between the release event in exocytosis from chromaffin cells and the chemiosmotic lysis reaction characteristic of isolated chromaffin granules, an understanding of the energetics of exocytosis awaits the discovery of reasons for the quantitative differences between the two systems.

Adrenal Medulla↗