Genetic characterization of inbred strains of the rat (Rattus norvegicus).
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Alleles↗
Biomedical subjects
O von Deimling
Publications and source records attributed to O von Deimling.
Oocytes from pachytene to dictyotene can easily be analysed in neonatal rodents.
We have investigated the dynamics of meiotic prophase I in neonatal ovaries from different wild rodent species, from a laboratory strain of Mus musculus and from Mus musculus x Mus spretus F1 hybrids. We found that almost all stages of prophase I were regularly present in neonatal ovaries from these species and that their transcriptional activity can be assessed by [3H]-uridine incorporation, indicating that postnatal analysis of meiotic chromosomes and synapsis may be conducted as an alternative to the investigation of foetal ovaries.
Animals↗
Esterase-30 (ES-30) of the house mouse: biochemical characterization and genetics of a new carboxylesterase isozyme linked to cluster-2 loci on chromosome 8.
A new carboxylesterase isozyme (EC 3.1.1.1), designated ES-30, is described in mouse liver. Two phenotypes were distinguished, ES-30A, a possible null type, was found in SPE/Pas and in other lines derived from Mus spretus, and ES-30B was found in BALB/cJ and other laboratory inbred strains. ES-30B is characterized by a distinct electrophoretic band when stained using 5-bromoindoxyl acetate as the substrate. After isolation and purification from other esterases by ion-exchange chromatography and molecular sieving, the molecular mass was estimated by two independent methods to be 62 and 64 kDa, respectively. The activity of ES-30B is higher in adult males than in females and can be stimulated in vivo by testosterone. The distribution of phenotypes on the progeny of a backcross series suggests a separate locus, Es-30, with the allele a for absence and b for presence of the isozyme. Locus Es-30 is shown to be closely linked to Es-2 and to Es-7 of cluster-2 on chromosome 8. The gene order Es-9--Got-2--(Es-2, Es-7, Es-30) is suggested.
Aging↗
Genetically defined lysosomal acetylesterase EC 3.1.1.6 in the cauda epididymidis of mouse, rat, and man.
After inhibition by bis-p-nitrophenyl phosphate and subsequent staining for esterase using naphthol AS-D acetate as the substrate, a strong lysosomal esterase was demonstrated in the cauda epididymidis of mouse, rat, and man. Owing to its behaviour towards the classifying inhibitors eserine, diisopropyl fluorophosphate, bis-p-nitrophenyl phosphate, and p-chloromercuriphenylsulphonate, this lysosomal esterase was shown to be an acetylesterase (EC 3.1.1.6). Control experiments involving isoelectric focusing revealed that this acetylesterase was identical with the genetically defined homologues ES-17, ES-6, and ES-A4 in mouse, rat, and man, respectively.
4-Chloromercuribenzenesulfonate↗
Esterase-29 (ES-29): biochemical characterization and control by two independent gene loci of a testosterone-dependent mouse serum esterase.
Biochemistry and genetics of a testosterone-dependent murine serum esterase designated esterase-29 (ES-29) are described. The enzyme was identified after disc electrophoresis and subsequent staining for esterase using alpha-naphthyl acetate as the substrate. It was inhibited by bis-p-nitrophenyl phosphate and was resistant to p-chlorophenylsulphonate and hence was classified as carboxylesterase EC3.1.1.1. The molecular mass was estimated to be about 130 kDa. It was shown that ES-29 is under the control of two independent genes. The first, termed Es-29, is suggested to be a structural locus, linked to the cluster-2 esterase loci on chromosome 8. Three alleles at Es-29, Es-29a, Es-29b, and Es-29c are distinguished, which determine absence (SEG/1), strong activity (BALB/cJ), and low activity (MOLH/Fre), respectively. The second locus, termed Mse-1 (serum esterase modifying factor), was found to be closely linked to Pre-2 on chromosome 12 and is suggested to be a modifying or regulatory gene. Two alleles were distinguished, Mse-1a (BALB/cJ) and Mse-1m (MOL3/JA, Cas-Bgr), which determine whether ES-29 appears as a single band or a double band, respectively. Mse-1m is dominant to Mse-1a.
Animals↗
Gene order and genetic distance of 13 loci spanning murine chromosome 15.
Thirteen genetic loci spanning murine chromosome 15 from 15A2 (Mlvi-2) to 15F2-3 (Gdc-1) have been mapped. The genetic distance extends to 55.4 cM. Among 151 animals, only 1 animal with a double cross-over was found. The linear order is unambiguous, with the exception of the distal end on 15F1-3. Our analysis favors the order cen-Ela-1/Hox-3-Wnt-1-Gdc-1-ter. This ordering makes necessary the introduction of three tightly spaced double recombination events around and within the Hox-3 locus. Alternatively, Hox-3 may be most distal, and several double recombinations at the telomere lead to map expansion. Despite the unequal distribution along chromosome 15 of G-versus R-bands, a comparison of distances determined by physical and genetic mapping does not indicate an overt difference in distance between both mapping techniques.
Animals↗
The recombinant congenic strains--a novel genetic tool applied to the study of colon tumor development in the mouse.
The development of tumors in mice is under multigenic control, but, in spite of considerable efforts, the identification of the genes involved has so far been unsuccessful, because of the insufficient resolution power of the available genetic tools. Therefore, a novel genetic tool, the RC (Recombinant Congenic) strains system, was designed. In this system, a series of RC strains is produced from two inbred strains, a "background" strain and a "donor" strain. Each RC strain contains a different small subset of genes from the donor strain and the majority of genes from the background strain. As a consequence, the individual genes of the donor strain which are involved in the genetic control of a multigenic trait, become separated into different RC strains, where they can be identified and studied individually. One of the RC strains series which we produced is made from the parental strains BALB/cHeA (background strain) and STS/A (donor strain). We describe the genetic composition of this BALB/cHeA-C-STS/A (CcS/Dem) series and show, using 45 genetic autosomal markers, that it does not deviate from the theoretical expectation. We studied the usefulness of the CcS/Dem RC strains for analysis of the genetics of colon tumor development. The two parental strains, BALB/cHeA and STS/A, are relatively resistant and highly susceptible, respectively, to the induction of colon tumors by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH). The individual RC strains differ widely in colon tumor development after DMH treatment; some are highly susceptible, while others are very resistant. This indicates that a limited number of genes with a major effect are responsible for the high susceptibility of the STS strain. Consequently, these genes can be mapped by further analysis of the susceptible RC strains. The differences between the RC strains were not limited to the number of tumors, but the RC strains differed also in size of the tumors and the relative susceptibility of the two sexes. Our data indicate that the number of tumors and the size of tumors are not controlled by the same genes. The genetics of these different aspects of colon tumorigenesis can also be studied by the RC strains. The DMH-treated mice of the parental strains and the RC strains also developed anal tumors and haemangiomas in varying numbers. The strain distribution pattern (SDP) of susceptibility for each of the three types of tumors induced by DMH is different, indicating that development of these tumors is under control of different, largely non-overlapping, sets of genes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
1,2-Dimethylhydrazine↗
Genetic variation and biochemical properties of esterase-18 (ES-18) in the laboratory rat (Rattus norvegicus): a new locus of esterase cluster 2 in linkage group V.
A new liver-specific rat carboxylesterase isozyme (EC 3.1.1.1) designated esterase-18 (ES-18) is described. Genetic variation of ES-18 was examined in 93 inbred strains and substrains and a structural locus Es-18 was suggested, coding for either the presence (Es-18a) or the absence (Es-18b) of the isozyme. Linkage studies involving two backcross series revealed that Es-18 resides in cluster 2 of LGV. No recombination between Es-18 and other cluster 2 loci was found in 19 lines of two RI strain sets or in the backcross series.
Animals↗
Genetic identification of non-specific esterases of the mouse cauda epididymidis and description of esterase-28, a new carboxylesterase isoenzyme (EC 3.1.1.1).
Twenty-five (25) electrophoretic bands with esterase activity were distinguished in supernatants of cauda epididymidis of DBA/2J mice. Twenty (20) of these were assigned to 10 genetically defined esterases (ES-1, ES-2, ES-3, ES-6, ES-7, ES-11, ES-14, ES-17, ES-19, ES-22) which were already known from investigations of other mouse tissues. Furthermore, ES-10 was identified in cauda supernatants after isoelectric focussing. A hitherto genetically undefined esterase was assigned to locus Es-28 which was expressed solely in the epididymis. Three phenotypes were distinguished: ES-28A was present in the majority of the inbred strains examined. ES-28B was observed in AKR/Han mice and ES-28C was found in SEG/1 mice.
Alleles↗
The occurrence of beta-glucuronidase in erythrocyte inclusions.
This study presents erythrocytic inclusion bodies exhibiting histochemically a strong beta-glucuronidase activity. The unique occurrence of this enzyme in cells of the erythropoietic series has never been described before and characterizes a novel type of erythrocyte inclusions mainly observed in patients suffering from liver damage but also from myelodysplasia and congenital dyserythropoietic anemia type I. Since it is known that hepatocytes contain high activities of beta-glucuronidase, we supposed a relationship between an increased breakdown of liver cells and the appearance of beta-glucuronidase positive inclusions in the red cells. To prove this hypothesis, we determined the beta-glucuronidase plasma levels of 99 unselected patients suffering from various liver disorders in comparison with 19 healthy controls by use of the umbelliferone technique. Our results indicate that in cases with liver diseases beta-glucuronidase plasma levels are significantly increased as compared with normal persons. The availability of a sufficient amount of beta-glucuronidase, thus, seems to be one prerequisite for the appearance of these inclusions in erythrocytes. As demonstrated by our investigations on congenital dyserythropoietic anemia, in which the red cells also show beta-glucuronidase positive inclusions, another premise seems to be an elevated autophagolysosomal activity in the erythrocytes.
Adult↗
[Variability of clinical symptoms in neuronal intestinal dysplasia].
Neuronal intestinal dysplasia is defined as a structural disorder of the innervation of the gut which clinically resembles Hirschsprung's disease. Between 1977 and 1988 12 patients were diagnosed by enzyme histochemistry. In 3 of these patients Hirschsprung's disease was associated. Constipation was the main symptom in 6 patients with neuronal intestinal disease and in all three patients with associated Hirschsprung's disease. The other patients firstly presented with an enterocolitis, a congenital atresia of the jejunum and a chronic enteritis with malabsorption. The wide clinical variability and the lack of a clear therapeutic management valid for all patients is conspicuous.
Acetylcholinesterase↗
Gene mapping on mouse chromosome 8 by interspecific crosses: new data on a linkage group conserved on human chromosome 16q.
A large conserved linkage group exists on mouse chromosome 8 and human chromosome 16q, including the loci for chymotrypsinogen B (Ctrb), haptoglobin (Hp), lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (Lcat), metallothionein-1,-2 (Mt-1,-2), tyrosine aminotransferase (Tat), and uvomorulin (Um). Using cloned gene probes, these six loci were mapped in M. m. domesticus X M. spretus interspecific crosses relative to a number of chromosome 8 anchor loci resulting in the gene order Es-1,Es-9-Mt-1,-2-Got-2-Es-2,Es-7,Lcat,Um-Hp,Tat,Ctrb-e. These results complement earlier studies and redefine the conserved segment on mouse chromosome 8, previously defined by the Hp-Tat interval, by the 24-cM interval between Mt-1,-2 and the conserved locus for adenine phosphoribosyltransferase, Aprt, mapped at 25 cM from Es-1 by T. B. Nesterova, P. M. Borodin, S. M. Zakian, and O. L. Serov (1987, Biochem. Genet. 25: 563-568). Within this segment, the gene order appears the same in man and mouse. While map distances between HP-TAT,HP-CTRB, and TAT-CTRB of respectively 7, 11, and 9 cM have previously been measured in man, no crossovers between Hp, Tat, and Ctrb were observed in over 100 meioses in the mouse.
Animals↗
Lymph esterases of the house mouse (Mus musculus)--I. Identification and possible origins of abdominal lymph esterases.
1. Abdominal lymph was obtained from Mus musculus by cannulation of the thoracic duct: lymph esterases were identified by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Seven known esterases (ES-1, ES-2, ES-5, ES-27, SE-I, SE-II and SE-III) and a newly described activity (SE-IV) were demonstrated, all of which were also present in serum. 2. Electrophoretic staining intensities indicated that the lymph esterases were less concentrated than the corresponding activities in serum, with the single exception of ES-2. This finding was supported by quantitative immunoelectrophoresis of ES-1 and ES-2 (two allozymes each). 3. The jejunum appeared to be the origin of lymph ES-2 by a comparison of organ distribution of the allozymes ES-2B and ES-2D and by monitoring the re-appearance of ES-2 in several organs, serum and lymph after total inhibition in vivo by bis-p-nitrophenyl phosphate.
Abdomen↗
Lymph esterases of the house mouse (Mus musculus)--II. The role of esterase-2 in fat resorption.
1. Intralipid infusion into the duodenum of Mus musculus was accompanied by changes in lymph and serum concentrations of two esterase isozymes, ES-1 and ES-2. Whereas ES-1 levels declined in both lymph and serum, ES-2 levels increased 5-fold in lymph within 120 min, and fell to a plateau 3- to 4-fold the fasting level; serum levels of ES-2 increased continually. 2. The changes in lymph ES-2 concentrations were paralleled by lymph triglyceride concentration during Intralipid infusion. Genetically determined differences in the concentration of two allozymes, ES-2B and ES-2D, were reflected in differences in lymph triglyceride levels. The lymph triglyceride concentration was strongly correlated with approximately the cube root of the lymph ES-2 concentration for both allozymes. 3. The source of lymph ES-2 during fat resorption was probably an intracellular jejunal pool; serum ES-2 also re-entered the lymph but this fraction was not influenced by fat resorption. 4. Purified chylomicrons possessed no esterase activity; however, it was postulated that ES-2 plays an essential role in fat resorption and is extruded with the primary chylomicrons from the enterocyte.
Animals↗
Esterase alleles of inbred mouse strains maintained in The Netherlands.
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Alleles↗
[Cytochemistry of beta-glucuronidase in the rat liver: an example of genetic variation due to inbreeding].
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Animals↗
Nomenclature of esterases: another proposal.
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Esterases↗
Genetic identification of rat liver carboxylesterases isolated in different laboratories.
Six carboxylesterases previously isolated from rat liver microsomes, characterized in Brussels and in Kiel, were compared with genetically defined liver esterases of various reference strains using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing. The six liver carboxylesterases were identified as alloenzymic forms of ES-3, ES-4, ES-8/ES-10 and ES-15 according to the genetic nomenclature recommended by van Zutphen (Van Zutphen, L.F.M. (1983) Transplant. Proceed. 15, 1687-1688). The genetic and biochemical characteristics of the four isoenzymes are summarized, and their identity with several other drug-metabolizing esterases/amidases and lipases of rat liver endoplasmic reticulum is discussed.
Animals↗