Biomedical subjects

Olivier Ménard

Publications and source records attributed to Olivier Ménard.

3 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

Evaluation of the spatial diffusion of methylene blue injected in vivo by bronchoscopy into non-small cell lung carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Due to smoking prevalence and the poor efficiency of current therapy, lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in developed countries, and its worldwide incidence is steadily increasing. Gene therapy by direct intratumoral injection of different types of gene constructs through a fiberscope has been suggested and evaluated in a few patients. OBJECTIVE: It was the aim of this study to observe the actual volume of diffusion within a lung tumor using a color marker. METHODS: Using bronchoscopy, just after anesthesia, methylene blue was injected into patient tumors. These patients subsequently underwent surgery for treatment of a non-small cell lung cancer. RESULTS: We observed a diffusion of methylene blue in resected lung tumors with a mean infiltrated versus noninfiltrated tumor volume ratio of 29 +/- 15%. Interestingly, some large tumor areas were not stained. At the cellular level, a preferential diffusion of the dye was observed in the tumor stroma compartment versus the tumor cellular compartment, where basal cells were more frequently and strongly labeled than the other tumor cells. CONCLUSIONS: Since a cancer is cured when most, if not all, cancer cells are killed, the preliminary evaluation of the spatial diffusion of any injected gene construct should be carried out as a first step in any cancer type.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

Intrapleural infusion of activated macrophages and gamma-interferon in malignant pleural mesothelioma: a phase II study.

STUDY OBJECTIVES: Intrapleural immunotherapy has shown some activity in patients with malignant mesothelioma. We conducted a multicentric pilot phase II study to evaluate the tolerance and the activity of intrapleurally infused autologous human activated macrophages (AM Phi) in patients with stage IA, IB, and IIA malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). DESIGN: AM Phi derived from in vitro monocyte culture were infused into the pleura of patients every week for 8 consecutive weeks. Each infusion was followed 3 days later by an intrapleural injection of 9 millions units of gamma-interferon (gamma-IFN) in an attempt to prolong the in vivo activation of infused AM Phi. Response was assessed by CT scan and thoracoscopy when possible. If the patient's disease progressed after AM Phi treatment, an additional treatment was left to the choice of the investigator. PATIENTS: Nineteen patients with histologically proven stage IA, IB, or IIA MPM were enrolled. Two patients were excluded before any AM Phi infusion because of complications impeding infusion. Seventeen patients were actually treated. After completion of the AM Phi cellular therapy, 10 patients were treated with chemotherapy as their diseases progressed. RESULTS: The overall response rate of patients actually treated was 14%. When including the two patients enrolled but not treated, the overall response "in intention to treat" was 11%; two patients had a partial response, with a duration of response of 30 months and 3 months, respectively. One patient, who could not be evaluated by thoracoscopy because of pleural symphysis, is still alive without any clinical or radiologic sign of disease 69 months after treatment. No major adverse effects were observed during the infusion of either AM Phi or gamma-IFN, and there was no interruption of treatment because of toxicity. However, symphysis was observed in 7 of 14 patients who received the complete treatment. The median survival of patients actually treated, including those who received chemotherapy after AM Phi, was 29.2 months. CONCLUSION: Combined infusion of AM Phi and gamma-IFN was well tolerated in patients with MPM; however, it had limited antitumor activity.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Model of multi-modal cortical processing: coherent learning in self-organizing modules.

In this paper (An abbreviated version of some portions of this article appeared in reference Menard and Frezza-Buet (Menard, O., & Frezza-Buet, H. (2004). Rewarded multi-modal neuronal self-organization: Example of the arm reaching movement. In: Proceedings of international conference on advances in intelligent systems theory and application.), as part of the IJCNN 2005 conference proceedings, published under the IEEE copyright.), an original self-organizing model is presented, with experiments highlighting its ability to be used in different frameworks, as phonetic coding dependent on semantics and arm-reaching. The model relies on the coupling of the learning processes that stand at different self-organizing modules, and exhibits dynamics that can be discussed in terms of the binding of different modalities, scattered over the different modules. Such a binding property is based on an emerging constraint of keeping consistency between the modules. This process is induced by partial connectivity and appropriate neural field competition mechanisms.

Algorithms↗