Biomedical subjects

Olivier Moreaud

Publications and source records attributed to Olivier Moreaud.

5 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

[Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus].

In normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH), the physiological alterations related to the ventricular dilatation that lead to the Hakim and Adams clinical syndrome (gait apraxia, incontinence and dementia) remain unclear. The correlation between the clinical syndrome and global or regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) is not established. The question whether the CBF reduction is the cause or the consequence of the neural dysfunction remains unsolved. Dementia of NPH may be a combination of fixed and potentially treatable pathologies. Expectations for improvement in the dementia of NPH must be tempered by the knowledge that they may be fixed tissue damage prior treatment. The overall poor clinical outcome after shunting with regard to dementia, when contrasted with responses in gait and continence, suggests differences in aetiology or reversibility of the pathology underlying these symptoms. It is not easy to choose elderly patients (perhaps patient with more impaired psychometric performances) that might respond to a shunt.

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PubMed2006

[Primary progressive aphasia: clinical aspects].

Primary progressive aphasia (PPA), initially described by Mesulam, is a syndrome of progressive deterioration of language, occurring in the presenium. Several classifications have been proposed, but the most useful one distinguishes non fluent and fluent forms of PPA. Both begin by anomia. In non fluent PPA, there is a progressive reduction of language, sometimes with aggramatism and articulatory impairment, but without impairment of comprehension. Fluent PPA is characterized by preserved fluency with severe impairment of single word comprehension. It is frequently confounded with semantic dementia (SD), but some observations can be differentiated from SD. After several years, all patients become mute, and most of them develop dementia, usually of frontal lobe type. The syndrome of PPA is due to neurodegenerative brain pathology affecting mostly the perisylvian regions of the left hemisphere. In most cases, no Alzheimer type pathology was found in the brain, but tauopathy (mainly in non fluent PPA) or motor neuron disease type pathology - tau negative ubiquitin inclusions (mainly in fluent PPA). However, Alzheimer type pathology was found in a substantial number of cases.

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PubMed2003

Balint syndrome.

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Attention↗

PubMed2002

Association between the extended tau haplotype and frontotemporal dementia.

BACKGROUND: Recent studies have shown an association between an extended tau haplotype (H1) that covers the entire human tau gene and progressive supranuclear palsy or, more inconsistently, other neurodegenerative disorders, such as corticobasal degeneration, Parkinson disease, Alzheimer disease, and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). In addition, disease-causing mutations in the tau gene on chromosome 17 have been detected in some families with autosomal dominant FTD and parkinsonism. In FTD, the pathological accumulation of the microtubule-associated protein tau suggests that the tau gene may be a genetic risk factor for this disorder. OBJECTIVE: To confirm or refute the association between the H1 haplotype or the H1H1 genotype of the tau gene and FTD. DESIGN: Case-control study. SETTING: Neurology departments of 12 French university hospitals. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred unrelated patients with FTD and 79 controls. METHODS: Tau genotype (contiguous polymorphisms in exons 1, 7, and 13 and in intron 9 used to reconstruct the extended haplotypes H1 and H2). Clinical examination, psychometric testing, laboratory tests, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, single-photon emission computed tomography, and electroencephalography for patients with FTD. RESULTS: The H1H1 genotype was significantly overrepresented in patients with FTD compared with controls (62% vs 46%; P=.01, 1-sided; odds ratio adjusted for age and sex, 1.95). After stratification according to apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype, we found a significant interaction between APOE and tau genotypes (P=.03). CONCLUSIONS: This study of the largest series of patients with FTD confirms the primary role of tau in FTD and establishes that the H1 haplotype of the tau gene and the E2 allele of APOE interact by an unknown mechanism that increases the risk of FTD.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

Apolipoprotein E gene in frontotemporal dementia: an association study and meta-analysis.

No definite genetic risk factor of non-monogenic frontotemporal dementia (FTD) has yet been identified. Several groups have examined the potential association of FTD with the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene, but the results are inconsistent. Our objective was to determine whether APOE is a risk factor of FTD, using the largest series of patients with FTD and controls analysed so far (94 unrelated patients and 392 age and sex-matched controls), and a meta-analysis. Homozygosity for the E2E2 genotype was significantly associated with FTD (odds ratio (OR)=11.3; P=0.033, exact test). After stratification on familial history (FH) for FTD, the OR for E2E2 was still found significant when analysing only patients with a positive FH (OR=23.8; P=0.019). The meta-analysis, using 10 case-control studies with available genotype or allele information, comprising a total of 364 FTD patients and 2671 controls, including the patients of the present study, did not reach statistical significance even if the E2E2 genotype was more frequent in patients than in controls (0.018 vs 0.006, respectively). Because of studies heterogeneity (Mantel-Haenszel statistics: P=0.004), we analysed on one hand the neuropathologically-confirmed studies, and on the other hand the clinical-based studies. In the neuropathologically-confirmed studies (Mantel-Haenszel statistics: P=ns), we found a significant increase of the E2 allele frequency in FTD patients (OR[E2 vs E3]=2.01; 95% CI=1.02-3.98; P=0.04). The same result was found in the clinical-based studies, but studies heterogeneity remained. No result was significant with the E4 allele. The E2 allele seems so to be a risk factor of FTD whereas this allele is associated with the lowest risk in Alzheimer's disease. If this finding was confirmed, it could provide new insights into the mechanisms of differential risk related to APOE in neurodegenerative diseases.

Adult↗