Biomedical subjects

Orna Tzischinsky

Publications and source records attributed to Orna Tzischinsky.

6 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2007

Disordered eating related behaviors among Arab schoolgirls in Israel: an epidemiological study.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the prevalence of disordered eating attitudes and behaviors among three religious subgroups of Arab schoolgirls in Israel (Moslems, Druze, and Christians). METHOD: The sample consisted of 1,131 Arab schoolgirls in Israel, including 922 (81.5%) Moslem, 125 (11.1%) Christian, and 84 (7.4%) Druze adolescents, in the 7-12th grades. The sample was drawn from urban and rural residential settings from all parts of Israel using a clusters sampling method. RESULTS: The Christian subgroup had a significantly lower total eating disorder inventory-2 (EDI-2) score than the Druze and Moslem subgroups, which had similar total EDI-2 scores. Significant differences were found between the three religious subgroups in all subscales, except in drive for thinness (DT), bulimia, body dissatisfaction, and asceticism. A total of 154 (13%) Arab schoolgirls scored higher than the cut-off point of >>14 on the EDI-DT subscale. CONCLUSION: The results are discussed in light of the differences between the Christian, Druze, and Moslem subgroups and in terms of various aspects of Arab culture in Israel.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

Comparative study of eating-related attitudes and psychological traits between Israeli-Arab and -Jewish schoolgirls.

OBJECTIVE: The aims of the study were to examine weight concerns, dieting and eating behaviours in a group of Israeli-Arab schoolgirls as compared with Israeli-Jewish schoolgirls, as well as to investigate the reliability of the Arabic (Palestinian) version of the eating disorder inventory-2 (EDI-2). METHOD: The sample consisted of 2548 Israeli schoolgirls, including 1885 Jewish and 663 Arab adolescents ranging in age from 12 to 18. The study was conducted in 1998-2003 from urban and rural residential settings in the northern part of Israel. The (EDI-2) was the assessment tool used, yielding scores on 11 sub-scales. RESULTS: The Israeli-Arab schoolgirls scored significantly higher than the Israeli-Jewish schoolgirls in most EDI-2 sub-scales. In addition, the sub-scale inter-item consistency of the translated Arabic (Palestinian version) of the EDI-2 was found to be reliable. DISCUSSION: The drive to be thin found among Israeli Arab schoolgirls is not reflected in their small number of ED clinic referrals. These discrepancies are discussed in light of the socio-cultural changes currently taking place in the Israeli Arab population due to the influence of Western-oriented life in Israel.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

Sleep-wake cycles in obese children with and without binge-eating episodes.

AIM: The aim of the study was to assess binge-eating episodes and to characterise sleep-wake cycles among obese children. METHOD: The obese group consisted of 36 children. All participants received a diagnosis of primary obesity. The obese group was subdivided into two groups: obese with binge eating and without binge eating. A normal-weight control group was comprised of 25 normal-weight children. Sleep-wake patterns were monitored for 1 week, using mini-actigraphs and self-report questionnaires. RESULTS: Thirty-seven per cent of the obese children reported uncontrolled binge-eating episodes. Actigraphic monitoring revealed significant differences in sleep quality between all three groups. Self-report questionnaires presented significantly more sleep disturbances in the obese group with binge eating and obese group without binge eating than in the normal-weight group. CONCLUSION: Sleep disruption in obese children with binge eating is significantly more severe than in both obese non-binge-eating children and normal-weight controls.

Child↗

PubMed2005

The effects of sleep loss on medical residents' emotional reactions to work events: a cognitive-energy model.

STUDY OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the relationship between sleep loss and emotional reactivity in medical residents. We hypothesized that this relationship is shaped by the effect of sleep loss on cog-nitive-energy resources required for coping with goal-disruptive events or for capitalizing on new opportunities offered by goal-enhancing events. SETTINGS: 15 medical wards in 4 large hospitals in Israel. PARTICIPANTS: 78 medical residents, 67% men, aged 26 to 39 years. DESIGN: Actigraphic sleep-wake cycles were measured for 5- to 7-day periods, surrounding nightshifts, every 6 months, covering the first 2 years of residency. During each study period, emotional reactivity was investigated using the experience-sampling methodology by which residents received 3 phone calls at random times during their working day for 3 consecutive days. These calls reminded them to fill out brief questionnaires concerning change of circumstances over the previous 15 minutes and to rate their emotional response to these circumstances using the Positive Affect and Negative Affect Scales. Fatigue at those times was measured by a subscale of the Profile of Mood States. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Multilevel regression analysis was used to determine the influence of sleep duration and sleep fragmentation on the emotional reactions to goal-disruptive and goal-enhancing daytime events. We found that sleep loss intensified negative emotions and fatigue following daytime disruptive events, while positive emotion was mitigated following goal-enhancing events. Sleep loss also resulted in an overall elevated baseline for positive emotion. CONCLUSIONS: Sleep loss amplifies the negative emotive effects of disruptive events while reducing the positive effect of goal-enhancing events. Methodologically, the study highlights the utility and advantages of event-level analysis as opposed to the current practice of random sampling of emotion states during waking hours, disregarding contextual factors associated with purposeful, goal-oriented behavior episodes.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

[Sleeping and eating disorders].

Over the last three decades there has been a dramatic increase in the prevalence of eating disorders (ED) in western society. The main syndromes are anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN) and non-specified eating disorders (ED-NOS). These disorders are with high morbidity and life threatening complications. Sleep disturbances are predominant symptom in these disorders. Researches have examined sleep disorders among people suffering from eating disorders, using different methods: sleep polysomnography, actigraph and self report questionnaires. The article presents the diagnostic criteria of eating disorders, sleep structure and review of researches, which examined sleep patterns among people with AN, BN and binge eating disorder (BED). In addition the article reviews the night eating syndrome. This syndrome is considered to be a combination of eating disorder and sleeping disorder. The article describes the characteristic sleep-wake patterns of each syndrome and in comparison to the control group. The discussion suggests some possible explanations for the discrepancies between subjective and objective experience of sleep.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Weight concern, dieting and eating behaviors. A survey of Israeli high school girls.

UNLABELLED: The main goal of the present study was to explore some of the risk-factor variables for eating disorders among Israeli junior high and high school adolescent girls (12-18 years old) from different residential areas in the northern district of Israel. Additionally, this study examined and identified which group was most prone to develop disordered eating behaviors and attitudes. METHOD: A representative sample of 1,316 Jewish adolescent females from five Israeli school sub-groups and from five different residential areas was selected proportionally to various school sub-groups and residential areas. The Eating Disorder Inventory-2 (EDI-2) was the assessment tool used, yielding scores on 11 sub-scales. RESULTS: In regard to age, the 16.6-18 year-olds were found to have significantly higher total EDI-2 scores, as compared to the other age groups. Girls aged 16.6 and up were found to have the highest score in six sub-scales out of eleven. As for different types of schools in different residential settings, the secular boarding school sub-group had the significantly highest scores, while the kibbutz sub-group had the lowest scores for the total EDI-2, as well as for most subscales. The majority of scores for the other school sub-groups fell midway between the two extreme groups. DISCUSSION: The results are discussed in terms of cultural, religious, ethnic, and socioeconomic influences. CONCLUSION: The results highlight the need to conduct a systematic methodological study comparing various psychological and socioeconomic factors, including maladaptive eating behavior in different types of religious residential schools.

Adolescent↗