Biomedical subjects

P A Aloise-Young

Publications and source records attributed to P A Aloise-Young.

3 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1996

Role of the self-image and smoker stereotype in smoking onset during early adolescence: a longitudinal study.

The present study utilized a longitudinal design to assess whether self-consistency or self-enhancement motives are predictive of future smoking onset. Participants were 1,222 nonsmoking 5th through 8th graders who were followed into the next academic year. The results showed that teens who were above the median in similarity between their self-image and smoker stereotype on coolness, sociability, and intelligence were almost twice as likely to show smoking onset at the 2nd measurement. This is supportive of a self-consistency motive for adolescent smoking. The results of this study provide an important extension to previous cross-sectional research in this area.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

Preschoolers' strategic behavior and performance on a same-different task.

Preschoolers' strategic behavior was examined on a task in which they must decide whether two arrays are the same. Fifty-six 3- and 4-year-olds selected doors to open which exposed parts of the arrays. Children made moderate use of an appropriate "vertical-pairs" strategy - viewing spatially corresponding parts of the two arrays - and it facilitated performance. Telling nonstrategic children to use the strategy or executing it for them improved their same-different judgments. However, increased spontaneous production of the vertical-pairs strategy over trials did not consistently improve judgments, which suggests a strategy utilization deficiency. Other microgenetic analyses revealed that children tended to use several strategies over the trials and that strategy changes often were not developmentally progressive or driven by failure of another strategy. The discussion addressed production and utilization deficiencies and the diversity of strategy development.

Child, Preschool↗

PubMed1994

Peer influence on smoking initiation during early adolescence: a comparison of group members and group outsiders.

In this study, the authors compared group members' and group outsiders' susceptibility to the influence of their friends' smoking. Ss were nonsmokers in Grade 7 who were observed for 1 year. Consistent with their hypothesis, the authors found that group outsiders (Ss who did not have reciprocal friends) were affected more by the smoking of their best friend and by the overall level of smoking among their friends than group members were. Furthermore, this peer influence was strongest for teens who were very concerned about their friends' reactions to their substance use. In addition, consistency in smoking status was related to the formation, but not the breakdown, of reciprocal friendships. Results indicated that teenagers may view smoking as a vehicle for entering a desired friendship group. The authors suggest ways that prevention programs might address this mechanism for adolescent smoking initiation.

Adolescent↗