Clinical laboratory--past, present, and future: an opinion.
In this review we have tried to identify some of the management issues affecting laboratories in the past, present, and future. In particular, we have focused on the increases in utilization and cost and have attempted to demonstrate some of the factors affecting the supply and demand sides of these issues. In the absence of a price mechanism to allocate resources, alternative strategies to evaluate and regulate laboratory use were discussed. Although promise is held out by some of these approaches, they are not, in our view, fully workable at this stage. We suggest that, in the interim, sound medical direction and management of the laboratory as a production function can be of benefit in inhibiting, if not actually controlling, cost increases. In particular, we recommend concentration on the management of technology because of its crucial role in laboratory costs and utilization. Emerging trends in clinical laboratory and monitoring technologies suggest that issues relating to decentralization, quality control, and funding will have to be addressed in the near future. The prime motivation for clinical laboratory use, i.e., the generation of answers to clinical questions, seems destined to continue and expand. The challenge for practitioners, researchers, and policy-makers is to harness, evaluate, and manage the technologies that can best contribute to both medical practice and health.