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Biomedical subjects

P A Mayhew

Publications and source records attributed to P A Mayhew.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Communicating with individuals with dementia. The impaired person's perspective.

1 To better meet needs of individuals with dementia, caregivers should focus on receiving and interpreting verbal and nonverbal messages conveyed by the afflicted individuals. 2 Prior research has focused on enhancing communication from caregivers to individuals with dementia; however, the content and meaning of communication received from individuals with dementia remains largely unexplored. 3 This study demonstrates that individuals with dementia are able to transmit meaningful communication and this communication can be interpreted by others, making client-centered interventions possible with this population. 4 If care models based on communication interpretation techniques can be built, perhaps the needs of individuals with dementia can be better met, tensions reduced, problematic behaviors decreased, and quality of life enhanced.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Research and quality management studies: ethical considerations.

Federal legislation requires that an IRB must review all research studies receiving federal funding and involving human subjects for the protection of human rights. In addition there must be a provision for informed consent so that subjects can freely choose whether or not to participate. Most health care agencies have adopted this as the standard for conducting research. The ethical principles of respect for persons, beneficence, and justice, guide review boards in making decisions for protecting human subjects. The standards for conducting QM studies have not been as explicit, but it seems that similar ethical principles could provide a guiding framework. To protect human subjects in QM studies, it has been suggested that studies be submitted to an IRB when they: (a) are prospective, (b) have potential scientific merit, and/or (c) may have application beyond the study setting. In addition even when data are coming from existing sources or patient records and used only for evaluation purposes within the study setting, mechanisms for ensuring privacy, confidentiality, and consent need consideration.

Clinical Nursing Research↗
PubMed1993

The importance of the practicing nurse in nursing research.

Most research findings never reach the practicing nurse. However, many scientific findings would enhance quality of care if nurses knew about them and incorporated them into their practice. To make nursing research practice based, medical-surgical nurses must identify pertinent questions for research and use the findings in practice and evaluate subsequent outcomes.

Clinical Nursing Research↗
PubMed1993

Planning to meet the JCAHO standard: consideration of scientific findings.

Bringing research findings into practice does take some thought and planning, but most health care institutions already have committees, departments, and positions that can facilitate research utilization. It may just take some assessment of the roles and functions of these components to more carefully plan for systematic use of research findings in practice. This planning will pay off by enhancing the quality of nursing care and providing documentation that review of policies and procedures includes consideration of current scientific and nursing research findings.

Education, Nursing, Continuing↗
PubMed1993

Evaluating research for use in practice.

Before using research in practice, nurses must adequately evaluate both the scientific merit of the research and its potential impact on practice. This column outlined some basic questions that nurses can ask when reading research for use in practice. Many references in the nursing literature may be helpful to nurses who want to increase their skill in evaluating research for use in their own practice settings (Alderman, 1985; Haller et al., 1979; Jacox & Prescott, 1978; Stetler & Marram, 1976; Topham & DeSilva, 1988). Clinical nurses have tangible knowledge of their own practice settings. This knowledge makes them the ideal decision-makers in determining when research findings are suitable for their practice. They should continue to develop their skills in evaluating research and form networks with nurse researchers, nursing faculty, clinical nurse specialists, and others with advanced research preparation to assist them in evaluating research and to validate their own assessment of the research. This kind of collaboration will promote prudent use of research findings in nursing practice.

Clinical Nursing Research↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Restraint reduction: research utilization and case study with cognitive impairment.

Although great strides have been made in restraint reduction, restraints still present a challenge for long-term care facilities. Restraint reduction is particularly difficult with cognitively impaired residents. This article presents the implementation of a research-based approach to restraint reduction and a case study with a cognitively impaired resident. Two year after implementing the research-based approach, the restraint rate had decreased 28%. The case study with the cognitively impaired resident revealed an increase in nurse contacts but a decrease in nurse time after restraint reduction. Concern for the cognitively impaired resident's safety remained an issue for the staff. Discussion includes weighing the risk/benefit ratio of restraint use and considering dignity and quality of life.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Communication from individuals with advanced DAT: can it provide clues to their sense of self-awareness and well-being?

Often communication from people with advanced dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) is regarded as incoherent and meaningless. However, with careful listening and observation, such communication often becomes more understandable. To better understand DAT communication, the investigators designed an exploratory qualitative study to videotape and critically analyze conversations between a clinical nurse specialist and 15 subjects with DAT ranging from mild to severe. One of the findings was that, even in later stages, indications were given that subjects had self-awareness of their cognitive decline. The investigators further examined the communication of the five most cognitively impaired subjects for other indications of self-awareness and well-being. To demonstrate this premise of awareness of cognitive decline and self in the later stages of DAT, excerpts from communication received from five subjects with advanced cognitive impairment are presented.

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