Choice of antibiotics for prophylaxis or treatment of group D streptococcal endocarditis.
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Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
Biomedical subjects
P A Oill
Publications and source records attributed to P A Oill.
Rifampin, ampicillin, streptomycin, and their combinations in the treatment of enterococcal pyelonephritis in rats.
The activities of ampicillin, rifampin, streptomycin, and their combinations were evaluated in vitro against Streptococcus faecalis strain GK and in vivo in rats with an established pyelonephritis resulting from challenge with this same enterococcus. In vitro synergy was demonstrated between all combinations. Comparison of the log colony-forming units of S. faecalis recovered per gram of kidney tissue showed that all treated groups had significant lower numbers than controls (P less than 0.001). Ampicillin plus streptomycin or ampicillin alone was superior to rifampin alone or rifampin plus streptomycin at each interval (P less than 0.001). There was no significant difference between ampicillin and rifampin plus ampicillin. The disparity between in vitro and in vivo results again raises some doubts as to the relevance of in vitro observations to clinical outcome.
Administration, Oral↗
Pleural effusion associated with urinary tract obstruction: support for a hypothesis.
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Aged↗
Ticket for admission: unexplained syncopal attacks in patients with cardiac pacemaker.
A case of pacemaker syncope associated with cardiorespiratory arrest is reported. This patient was seen three times in emergency departments before finally being admitted for evaluation. Ventricular tachycardia due to pacemaker firing in the T-wave on electrocardiogram was observed. The patient was managed with cardioversion, temporary pacing and replacement of the generator and wire. The dislodgement of the pacemaker wire was confirmed at operation. Patients with pacemaker implants who present with unexplained syncopal attacks should be admitted to the hospital for monitoring, diagnostic work-up, and treatment.
Aged↗
In vitro activity of Ro 13-9904, cefuroxime, cefoxitin, and ampicillin against Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
In vitro susceptibilities of 87 isolates of non-penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae and 8 isolates of penicillinase-producing N. gonorrhoeae to Ro 13-9904, cefuroxime, cefoxitin, and ampicillin were determined. Ro 13-9904 was the most effective of the four drugs, inhibiting growth of both non-penicillinase-producing and penicillinase-producing N. gonorrhoeae.
Ampicillin↗
Symposium on adolescent gynecology and endocrinology. Part III: Venereal diseases in adolescents and contraception in teenagers.
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Adolescent↗
Oxacillin nephritis.
Acute interstitial nephritis secondary to administration of antibiotics is a well-described entity. Oxacillin, however, has never been directly implicated. An 80-year-old man had a rising creatinine level and eosinophiluria while receiving oxacillin sodium. These findings disappeared when use of the drug was discontinued. We conclude that oxacillin is an additional penicillin that can cause interstitial nephritis.
Aged↗
Adult bacteremic Haemophilus parainfluenzae infections. Seven reports of cases and a review of the literature.
Seven cases of adult Haemophilus parainfluenzae infections diagnosed by positive blood cultures are compared with cases previously reported in the English literature. Three patients had pneumonia, while the others had epiglottitis with meningitis, pharyngitis, arthritis, and endocarditis, respectively. Nonendocarditic manifestations of adult H parainfluenzae infection were reported in four other cases. In addition to the diseases of our patients, H parainfluenzae also has been isolated from cerebral abscesses. Patients did well with antibiotic therapy and there were no deaths. Patients did well with antibiotic therapy and there were no deaths. Report of antibiotic sensitivity testing of 50 strains disclosed 6% of isolates resistant to ampicillin sodium, with all sensitive to chloramphenicol. If the antibiotic sensitivity of the organism is unknown, then chloramphenicol therapy should be instituted until adequate susceptibility studies have been performed. If the organism is sensitive to ampicillin, then this is the drug of choice.
Adult↗
Treatment of cutaneous Herpesvirus hominis type 2 infection with 8-methoxypsoralen and long-wave ultraviolet light in guinea pigs.
Treatment of cutaneous Herpesvirus hominis type 2 infection in albino guinea pigs with 8-methoxypsoralen plus long-wave ultraviolet light was evaluated by clinical assessment and quantitative viral cultures. There was a statistically significant difference between the treated animals and the controls in relation to vesicular development, rate of healing, and viral titers. The treatment was effective after the appearance of lesions, when viral multiplication has already begun.
Animals↗
Adult Haemophilus influenzae type B vertebral osteomyelitis: a case report and review of the literature.
Osteomyelitis in adults due to Haemophilus influenzae is exceedingly rare. We report a case of H. influenzae type b vertebral osteomyelitis in an adult. Review of the English literature reveals one other adult patient with H. influenzae osteomyelitis, and sporadic pediatric cases. Although a variety of predisposing host resistance factors have been postulated to account for this infection, the deficiency responsible for adult infection remains undelineated. Bone biopsy is mandatory for diagnosis when blood cultures are negative. The isolation and identification of H. influenzae may be delayed because of its fastidious growth requirements. Treatment with ampicillin or chloramphenicol appear to be most efficacious considering the antibiotic sensitivities of the organism.
Ampicillin↗
An intercity outbreak of meningococcal meningitis in adults.
An intercity outbreak of meningococcal meningitis occurred in five adults, with the acute onset of symptoms developing in two of the patients after they returned to Los Angeles from the San Francisco Bay area. The secondary attack rate was 36.4 percent in this entirely adult household. The authors review reports of secondary cases in civilian epidemics, as well as recommendations for chemoprophylaxis in household contacts.
Adolescent↗
Cytomegalovirus mononucleosis in a healthy adult: association with hepatitis, secondary Epstein-Barr Virus antibody response and immunosuppression.
A 35 year old previously healthy physician had clinical manifestations of a mononucleosis illness complicated by arthralgia, vesicular pharyngitis and hepatitis. Initially, the patient had cytomegalovirus (CMV) viremia (predominantly in polymorphonuclear leukocytes) followed by the presence of CMV in the urine, throat and semen. He also had an antibody response to the Epstein-Barr virus which appeared to be a secondary type. During the acute phase of illness, only 7 per cent of the patient's lymphocytes formed spontaneous T cell rosettes as compared to a normal value of 65 to 70 per cent. Concurrently, evidence of abnormal delayed hypersensitivity was manifested by the loss of reactivity to mumps skin test antigen. All clinical and laboratory abnormalities except for the persistence of CMV in the pharynx, urine and semen returned to normal after resolution of the clinical illness.
Adult↗
Use of the telephone for short-term follow-up.
We have instituted a telephone appointment system (TAS) to follow patients with well-defined relatively minor problems. The patient is asked to call a special phone number at a specified date and time to obtain test results or information. A senior physician reviews each chart beforehand and indicates in lay terms, the information to be given to the patient by the clerk. Initial contact was made with 235 (58%) of the 404 scheduled telephone appointments reviewed during a four-week period. Physician data review time averaged one minute per chart and two full-time clerks were required. Although no improvement in patient compliance was found, significant savings of patient, physician, and nursing time are obvious. Additional advantages include decreased total patient load and the opportunity for senior physicians to assess the quality of care and provide feedback to the emergency department house officers.
Aftercare↗
Specialty conference. Infectious disease emergencies. Part V: patients presenting with localized infections.
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Animals↗
Infectious disease emergencies. Part IV: Patients presenting with gastrointestinal disorders.
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Child↗
Upper airway obstruction.
A large number of diseases may present with respiratory distress. In adults, upper airway obstruction (UAO) is relatively rare. Consequently, UAO may initially be overlooked in the differential diagnosis of the dyspneic patient. Because it may progress rapidly, delays or errors in diagnosis can be critical. During an eight-month period in one emergency department, seven adult patients with potentially life-threatening diseases of the upper airway were seen. To reacquaint physicians with the syndrome of mechanical obstruction of large airways, several illustrative cases are presented and the syndrome is discussed.
Adult↗