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Biomedical subjects

P A Prescott

Publications and source records attributed to P A Prescott.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Nursing intensity. Going beyond patient classification.

Two patient classification systems, Medicus and GRASP, were compared to the Patient Intensity for Nursing Index (PINI). Approximately 50% of the variability in both classification systems was not accounted for by PINI items. The patterns of correlation between PINI items and GRASP and Medicus scores indicated that these two classification systems do not measure nursing resource use in the same way. Nurse administrators should be aware that estimates of nursing care costs will vary depending on the patient classification system used to measure nursing intensity.

Costs and Cost Analysis↗
PubMed1991

The Patient Intensity for Nursing Index: a validity assessment.

The psychometric assessment of a new measure of nursing intensity, The Patient Intensity for Nursing Index (PINI) is reported. Four dimensions of nursing intensity are measured by the PINI: (a) severity of illness, (b) dependency, (c) complexity of care, and (d) time. There are 10 items rated on a 5-point ordinal scale. A purposively drawn sample of 6,445 patients was obtained from five hospitals, with 487 registered nurses (RNs) providing daily patient ratings from 29 medical-surgical and intensive care units. Substantial interrater reliability was demonstrated. Validity testing included confirmatory factor analysis, hypothesis-testing, contrasted groups, and an observational study of time. The factor structure confirmed specified components of severity, dependency, and complexity, with time loading on all three factors. PINI scores were significantly related to medical severity of illness, length of hospital stay, disposition at discharge, number of secondary medical diagnoses and specialty consults, and scores on three different hospital classification systems used for staffing. PINI scores were significantly different for high- and low-intensity DRGs. Observed time spent delivering nursing care to specific patients was significantly correlated with nurse estimates of time.

Dependency, Psychological↗
PubMed1991

Patient intensity for nursing index: the measurement model.

One part of the psychometric evaluation of the Patient Intensity for Nursing Index (PINI), a new measure of nursing intensity, is reported. The PINI has four interrelated components: (a) severity of illness, (b) dependency, (c) complexity of care, and (d) time. Taken together, the 10 items that make up these four components comprise the multidimensional construct of nursing intensity. Using the factor analytic approach and a model specification search, the measurement model for the Patient Intensity for Nursing Index was identified. The structure consists of Dependency, Severity, and Complexity with time (hours of nursing care) loading on each factor. When results were cross-validated using data from four other hospitals, support emerged for a consistent pattern of factor loadings. The loadings themselves, however, are only partially invariant. Further examination of the relationship between severity and time is suggested and areas for future research are identified.

Dependency, Psychological↗
PubMed1991

Changing how nurses spend their time.

The results of work sampling studies are used to examine how nurses spend their time and to relate nurses' time to the shortage of nursing practice in hospitals. Four types of proposals for improving the delivery of nursing care in hospitals are discussed. The likely impact of these proposals on how nurses spend their time and the consequences of increasing the effectiveness of professional nursing practice are explored.

Career Mobility↗
PubMed1990

The process of rater training for observational instruments: implications for interrater reliability.

Although the process of rater training is important for establishing interrater reliability of observational instruments, there is little information available in current literature to guide the researcher. In this article, principles and procedures that can be used when rater performance is a critical element of reliability assessment are described. Three phases of the process of rater training are presented: (a) training raters to use the instrument; (b) evaluating rater performance at the end of training; and (c) determining the extent to which rater training is maintained during a reliability study. An example is presented to illustrate how these phases were incorporated in a study to examine the reliability of a measure of patient intensity called the Patient Intensity for Nursing Index (PINI).

Employee Performance Appraisal↗
PubMed1978

Sex differences on a measure of self-esteem: theoretical implications.

The hypotheses of this study of sex differences on a measure of self-esteem are as follows: 1) the scales good, nice, generous, pleasant, dependable, honest, and active will group together to form the outer esteem dimension of the semantic differential; 2) the scales strong, leader, powerful, confident, curious, inventive, sharp, and active will group together to form the inner esteem dimension of the semantic differential; 3) males will score significantly higher than females on the inner esteem dimension of the semantic differential; 4) females will score significantly higher than males on the outer esteem dimension of the semantic differential; 5) there will be a significnat difference between the scoring patterns of males and females on the two dimensions of the semantic differential after controlling for the effects of race and social desirability. The sample of 442 sixth through eighth grade students consisted of two subsamples made heterogeneous on race, geographic location, and type of school. The Frnks-Marolla Self-Esteem Semantic Differential and the Lunneborg and Lunneborg Child's Social Desirability Scale were administered. The findings support each of the hypotheses and indicate that there is a significant difference between the sexes on the Franks-Marolla Semantic Differential Measure of Self-Esteem. It is concluded that additional research in self-esteem might specify the meaning of sex differences in esteem by measuring esteem relative to an individual's structural social positions rather than measuring esteem in the general and environmentally nonspecific contexts as advocated by some.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nursing intensity: needed today for more than staffing.

Today's nurse executives require classification systems with adequate versatility to meet both administrative and clinical practice needs. The Patient Intensity for Nursing Index (PINI) is a valid measure of the volume or amount of care and the complexity of nursing care delivered to patients.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Forecasting requirements for health care personnel.

Accurate forecasting of requirements for health care personnel is an important part of avoiding significant imbalances that create costly inefficiencies in health care markets. Manpower shortages threaten access, quality, and costs of health care. This article reviews five general approaches previously used to determine manpower requirements. Suggestions are made for the analytic components of a comprehensive model for identifying significant imbalances in supply or demand for health care workers.

Forecasting↗