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Biomedical subjects

P A Reilly

Publications and source records attributed to P A Reilly.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Characterization of recombinant polioviruses expressing regions of rotavirus VP4, hepatitis B surface antigen, and herpes simplex virus type 2 glycoprotein D.

Recombinant polioviruses expressing antigens from rotavirus, herpes simplex virus type 2, and hepatitis B virus were generated. Fusion of the heterologous polypeptides to the amino terminus of the poliovirus polyprotein did not prevent myristylation of VP0, suggesting a novel mechanism of myristylation for these recombinant viruses. The effects of the parental genetic background, different foreign sequences, and different insert sizes on growth characteristics were compared. Both the size and the nature of the heterologous sequence appeared to be factors influencing the growth and stability of recombinant polioviruses. All of the recombinants showed a temperature-sensitive phenotype, regardless of the genetic background (attenuated or wild type) from which they were derived. Preliminary studies with transgenic mice carrying the poliovirus receptor gene are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Attenuated poliovirus strain as a live vector: expression of regions of rotavirus outer capsid protein VP7 by using recombinant Sabin 3 viruses.

The ability to express heterologous antigens from attenuated poliovirus strains suggests the potential for use as live vectored vaccines. Full- or partial-length sequences of the gene encoding rotavirus major outer capsid protein VP7 were cloned into the open reading frame of a full-length cDNA copy of poliovirus Sabin type 3. They were inserted either at the 5' end or immediately after the capsid protein coding region, at the junction between precursors P1 and P2. A protease cleavage site for 3C protease was introduced 3' to the foreign sequences to enable proteolytic processing of the antigen from the poliovirus polyprotein. Infectious viruses were generated from several of the DNA constructs, and the presence of the foreign gene sequences was confirmed by reverse transcription of the viral RNA and PCR amplification. Viruses with inserts of about 300 bases maintained the foreign sequences during passage in Vero cells. Viruses carrying larger sequences were unstable, and deletions were generated within the foreign sequences. Expression of the VP7 polypeptides was demonstrated by immunoprecipitation with specific antiserum of labeled proteins from cells infected with Sabin 3 recombinant viruses. Comparative studies of RNA synthesis showed similar kinetics for Sabin 3 and the Sabin 3/VP7 recombinants. One-step growth curves showed that production of recombinant viruses was slower than that of Sabin 3 and that the final titers were 1 to 1.5 logs lower. Accumulation of VP7-containing precursors in infected cells suggests that slow cleavage at the engineered 3C protease site may be a limiting step in the growth of these recombinant Sabin polioviruses and may influence the permissible size of foreign sequence to be inserted.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1993

Unusual distribution of chromosome 12 in a testicular germ-cell tumor cell line (833K) and its cisplatin-resistant derivative (64CP9).

The distribution of chromosome 12 in a cisplatin-sensitive testicular germ-cell tumor (TGCT) cell line (833K), and its cisplatin-resistant derivative (64CP9), was studied by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) using DNA alpha satellite and whole chromosome painting probes for chromosome 12. Chromosomes 12 and i(12p) in these cell lines were readily identified. However, chromosome 12-derived chromatin was also observed in acrocentric- and nonacrocentric-derived chromosomes. Several of the chromosome 12 painted regions resembled satellites and were separated from the chromosome by nonstaining stalk-like regions. In each cell line, different chromosomes were involved. In the 833K TGCT cell line these were a der(8), a der(14) with a 12-labeled "satellite" on the q arm and a der(14) with a 12-labeled "satellite" on the p arm. In the 64CP9 TGCT cell line, these were a der(5), a der(17), and a der(8). The der(8) observed in 64CP9 was different from the der(8) seen in 833K. These derived chromosomes were characterized using sequential FISH, Wright staining, and silver staining for nucleolar organizing regions (AgNORs). The non-staining stalk-like regions were AgNOR positive, indicating "ectopic" NORs. Chromosome 22 distribution in these cell lines was also studied. FISH, using a chromosome 22-specific painting probe, identified a small metacentric marker and a der(12)t(12;22) in each cell line. It is not known whether the differences in distribution of chromosome 12-derived chromatin between the two cell lines are related to cisplatin resistance. Our study shows that the distribution of chromosome 12 in the two TGCT cell lines is much more extensive than could be identified in GTG-banded karyotypes. FISH allows characterization of unidentified chromatin and thus is a valuable adjunct to traditional cytogenetic techniques.

Chromosome Banding↗
PubMed1992

Peripheral arthralgic presentation of fibrositis/fibromyalgia syndrome.

Of 216 consecutive new referrals to a general rheumatology clinic 22 (10.2%) had generalized fibromyalgia syndrome (FS). In 12 cases (5.6% of all referrals, 54.5% of patients with FS) the initial presentation was with pain in the region of the hand or wrist joints, but many other joints were painful or tender. Although there may be initial confusion with rheumatoid or osteoarthritis, the positive features of FS confirm the correct diagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Mortality and survival in rheumatoid arthritis: a 25 year prospective study of 100 patients.

One hundred patients with classical (52) or definite (48) rheumatoid arthritis (RA) at one year after onset were followed up for 25 years. By then 63 had died, in one third of whom RA had either directly caused or contributed to death. These patients, at one year after onset of arthritis, had a higher proportion with classical RA and more functional impairment than the rest. Thirty five of the surviving 37 patients were seen for review. Eleven were well with no functional impairment. At one year after onset they had a lower erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and higher haemoglobin than the others, in whom a poorer outcome was associated with a persistently raised ESR and lower haemoglobin. The initial Rose-Waaler titre was a poor prognostic guide, but a better functional outcome was associated with conversion to seronegativity or a marked fall in rheumatoid factor level.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Current thinking on fibromyalgia syndrome.

Fibromyalgia (fibrositis) syndrome (FS) is a common and chronically painful form of non articular rheumatism. A high count of tender points is characteristic, but there are no confirmatory laboratory tests--the diagnosis is clinical. The cause is unknown, although a number of recognised factors are important in the expression of the condition.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1990

Arthropathy of hands and feet in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Hand and foot radiographs of 51 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were examined prospectively and correlations made between radiological, clinical and serological data. At least one abnormality was present in the hands of 53% and in the feet of 66.7% of patients. Jaccoud's type arthropathy affected the hands of 12% and the feet of 8% of patients. Erosions of the ulnar styloids were common (27.5%) but their presence did not correlate with any clinical or laboratory feature of SLE. Antibodies to U1 RNP correlated with hand deformity, while severity of radiological damage related mainly to disease duration.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Structure and targeted mutagenesis of the gene encoding 8-kDa subunit of photosystem I from the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803.

Photosystem I reaction center of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 contains seven different polypeptide subunits. The subunit with a molecular mass of about 8 kDa was isolated, and the sequence of its amino-terminal residues was determined. Oligonucleotide probes corresponding to this sequence were used to isolate the gene encoding this subunit. The gene, termed as psaE, codes for a polypeptide with a mass of 8075 Da. It is present as a single copy in the genome and is transcribed as a monocistronic messenger. The amino acid sequence of the 8-kDa subunit deduced from the gene sequence shows high homology with the deduced amino acid sequence of subunit IV of photosystem I from spinach. The DNA fragment sequenced in these studies also contains two other unidentified major open reading frames. A stable deletion mutation for the psaE gene was generated by transforming Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 with a cloned DNA in which the psaE gene for 8-kDa subunit was replaced by a gene conferring resistance to kanamycin. The mutant strain shows minor differences in growth under photoautotrophic conditions and in the photosystem I activity in comparison to the wild type.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1989

Insertional inactivation of the gene encoding subunit II of photosystem I from the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803.

The cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 carries out oxygenic photosynthesis analogous to higher plants. Its photosystem I contains seven different polypeptide subunits. The cartridge mutagenesis technique was used to inactivate the psaD gene which encodes subunit II of photosystem I. A mutant strain lacking subunit II was generated by transforming wild type cells with cloned DNA in which psaD gene was interrupted by a gene conferring kanamycin resistance. The photoautotrophic growth of mutant strain is much slower than that of wild type cells. The membranes prepared from mutant cells lack subunit II of photosystem I. Studies on the purified photosystem I reaction center revealed that the complex lacking subunit II is assembled and is functional in P700 photooxidation but at much reduced rate. Therefore, subunit II of photosystem I is required for efficient function of photosystem I.

Chlorophyll↗
PubMed1989

Current treatment concepts in arthritis.

Some forms of arthritis cause few symptoms and little or no disability, while others cause severe pain, deformity and loss of function, and may even be fatal. Management must vary accordingly between the simple and the complex, the latter necessitating the use of potentially toxic agents. This article highlights some therapeutic approaches and emphasises the factors that influence the decision making process. Some areas of difficulty are discussed, particularly the treatment of dyspepsia in chronic arthritis.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal↗