PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

P A Tyler

Publications and source records attributed to P A Tyler.

16 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

The radiological appearances of thalassaemia.

The skeletal changes of untreated thalassaemia result from ineffective erythropoiesis and expansion of the bone marrow and affect every part of the skeleton. These changes include osteoporosis, growth retardation, platyspondyly and kyphosis. Erythropoiesis occurs at extra-medullary sites, most commonly resulting in a paraspinal mass but occasionally affecting organs containing pluripotential stem cells. Repeated transfusion unaccompanied by iron chelation causes haemosiderosis; iron is deposited at various sites causing functional impairment. Iron-chelation therapy with desferrioxamine (DFX) prevents haemosiderosis but causes a skeletal dysplasia predominantly affecting the rapidly growing long bones, in particular the distal ulna, and causing irregularity and sclerosis of the physeal-metaphyseal junction and splaying of the metaphysis. DFX also exacerbates the observed growth retardation. DFX-induced skeletal dysplasia may herald toxicity, which is associated with visual and auditory impairment. Therefore, careful balancing of the transfusion regimen and iron-chelation therapy is required. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most sensitive technique for the detection of DFX-induced dysplasia.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Development of a stress scale for mental health professionals.

This paper describes the development of the Mental Health Professionals Stress Scale (MHPSS): a self-report method of identifying sources of stress for mental health professionals. The 42-item scale, which includes seven subscales, was administered to 154 clinical psychologists and 111 mental health nurses. The MHPSS was found to have good internal consistency (alpha = .87 for clinical psychologists; alpha = .94 for mental health nurses). The preliminary evidence suggests that the concurrent validity of the MHPSS is good. The expected relationships between the scale and between the criterion measures--General Health Questionnaire, a symptom check list, job satisfaction, self-reported stress level and quality of social support--were demonstrated. The results also provide evidence for the discriminant validity of the subscales to measure different aspects of the stress experience. The MHPSS was shown to discriminate between two groups of health professionals who might be expected to differ in their sources of stress. For clinical psychologists the most important source of stress was 'professional self-doubt' whereas the major source of stress for mental health nurses was found to be the difficulty of handling potentially violent or difficult patients in the context of scarce staff resources. For both groups, however, 'home-work conflict' was the subscale most strongly and consistently associated with mental health outcome. It is concluded that the preliminary evidence regarding the utility of the MHPSS is encouraging, although further data are clearly needed.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Sources of stress and psychological well-being in high-dependency nursing.

The present study examined occupational stress in four areas of high-dependency nursing: theatres, liver/renal, haematology/oncology and elective surgery. A total of 60 nurses from one large NHS hospital completed questionnaires on sources and levels of stress, psychological well-being and ways of coping; interviews with a small sub-sample were carried out. The results indicated that the amount of stress experienced was similar across all four departments, but its sources varied. Theatre nurses experienced less stress through patients' death and dying. Other factors which influenced both the level and sources of stress included post-qualification training, number of children and partnership-status. Nurses with post-qualification training perceived higher levels of stress. Social support was found to influence psychological well-being. Nurses who were living with a partner or were married experienced fewer stress symptoms than those with no partner, and nurses with two children experienced significantly less stress through dealing with patients and relatives. Reactions to stress elicited a range of adaptive and maladaptive coping styles. Nurses sampled indicated universal support for the introduction of 'nurse-for-a-day' and management 'swap-overs' as practised in Boston, USA. This study recommends sending nurses on management and administration courses and stress-management programmes.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1994

Human sensitivity to temporal proximity: the role of spatial and temporal speed gradients.

Estimates of temporal proximity (sometimes called time-to-collision) from random-dot flow patterns are shown to be based upon retinal speed, rather than upon changes in dot density. Neither the spatial nor the temporal gradient of motion is essential to the task, but estimates can be made from either alone. Performance is unaffected by the addition of rotational motion, suggesting that observers are capable of extracting the radial component of motion, which contains all the relevant information, from complex stimuli.

Acceleration↗
PubMed1991

Stress and well-being in nurses: a comparison of the public and private sectors.

Nurses in the public and private sectors were compared with regard to occupational stress and its sources and self-reported health and well-being. While both groups reported similar high levels of stress experience, most noticeably arising from high work loads and the experience of death and dying, group differences did emerge from an examination of the sources of stress. Whereas N.H.S. nurses were more troubled by high work loads, private sector nurses reported uncertainty over treatment as a more frequent source of stress than did their N.H.S. counterparts. Levels of self-reported mental and physical health symptomatology did not differ between groups. Nevertheless, overall nursing stress scores and symptomatology were significantly correlated, and workload was the best independent predictor of health and well-being status.

Burnout, Professional↗
PubMed1989

Sources of stress and dissatisfaction among nurses in four hospital environments.

A study was designed to examine the hypothesis that occupational stress in nurses is a function of how they perceive their work environment. Sixty-five nurses on four mixed-sex wards were interviewed using a nursing stress and work environment scale. Demographic data including age, sex and nursing status were also collected. 'Work overload' and the 'death and dying' of patients were identified as the major sources of stress for all the nurses. In general, although there was little difference between the specialized and non-specialized groups of nurses in the degree of stress experienced, the work environments were found to be dissimilar. The reported level of dissatisfaction with their work environment combined with certain demographic characteristics were found significantly to predict the degree of stress experienced. These findings have implications for the organization of the ward and for the skills taught to nurses by which stress may be managed or alleviated.

Female↗
PubMed1967

Pleomorphy in stalked, budding bacteria.

An investigation of hyphomicrobia from manganese deposits and various fresh-water habitats revealed an astonishing degree of pleomorphy in the group. A range of variation spanning two described genera (Hyphomicrobium and Pedomicrobium) was induced by varying culture conditions and was further observed in natural environments. It is suggested that Pedomicrobium is an invalid genus.

Bacteria↗