Leatherwork: a possible hazard to reproduction.
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England↗
Biomedical subjects
P Adelstein
Publications and source records attributed to P Adelstein.
Cancers of the large bowel: associated disorders in individuals.
The individual medical histories in the files of the Oxford Record Linkage Study for the years 1963 to 1967 were analyzed to ascertain any previously unsuspected associations between cancers of the large bowel and other diseases in individuals, and to quantify the relative risks of disorders already known to be associated. In males significant associations were shown between cancers of the large bowel and cancer of the prostate. In females, cancer of the colon was associated with breast cancer, and cancer of the rectum with a mixed group of genital cancers. The relative risk of colorectal cancer associated with previous benign neoplasms of the large bowel was 20, and with ulcerative colitis, 25. There was no significant association with appendicitis or long-standing diverticular disease.
Abscess↗
Factors associated with low birth weight of infants delivered at term.
The singleton births in the 1958 British Perinatal Mortality Survey (Butler and Bonhan, 1963; Butler and Alberman, 1969) were used to study the aetiology of low birth weight of infants delivered at term. After exclusion of macerated stillbirths and infants with lethal congenital defects, 468 infants of 259 days or more gestation and a birth weight which was less than 2500 g were identified. The mothers and their pregnancies were compared with those of the population of 16 994 singleton births. Delivery at term of a low birth weight infant was significantly associated with maternal prepregnant weight, maternal height, maternal smoking, primiparity, maternal employment, low social class, a previous infant of low birth weight, threatened abortion and severe toxaemia. No significant associations were found with illegitimacy, area of residence, previous spontaneous abortion, essential hypertension, mild toxaemia, chronic or acute infections or other conditions. There were significant negative associations with a history of previous large infants and with maternal blood group AB.
Adult↗
Antenatal identification of women at increased risk of being delivered of a low birth weight infant at term.
A method is described by which the risk of being delivered of a low birth weight infant at term can be predicted during the third trimester. A composite score is obtained by multiplying together relevant relative risks. The effectiveness of the method is discussed.
Female↗
Obstetric practice and infant morbidity.
A method is described of using matched pairs of index infants and controls to examine the hypothesis that induction or some other obstetric practice is associated with increased morbidity in the mature infant. All infants over 2250 g and 37 weeks gestation, without severe congenital defect or history of severe maternal disorder, born in the John Radcliffe and admitted to the Special Care Baby Unit in 1975 were identified. For each of these index infants a matched control was chosen using strict criteria. Contrast between the 109 matched pairs showed no significant differences between maternal characteristics, induction of labour, use of forceps or duration of labour. There was an excess of index infants born to mothers who had had epidural anaesthesia (P less than 0.05).
Extraction, Obstetrical↗
Preceding pregnancy loss as an index of risk of stillbirth or neonatal death in the present pregnancy.
Details of 9,311 singleton births born to multiparae in the first week of March 1958 were compared with 3,707 singleton cases of stillbirth and neonatal death delivered in the 3-month period March-May, with respect to the outcome of the preceding delivery. It was shown that the risk of death was raised some 66% if the preceding delivery had been an abortion and by a factor of nearly 3 if the preceding delivery had itself been a stillbirth or neonatal death (SBND). The increased risk was especially pronounced for macerated stillbirths. Analysis because of death revealed very significant increases in the incidence of congenital defects, asphyxia and 'no major lesion' when the preceding delivery had been either an abortion or an SBND. It was shown that, in general, a woman who had had a preceding SBND was over 3 times more likely to delivery by 35 weeks than on whose preceding delivery had ended in either an abortion or a survivor.
Abortion, Spontaneous↗
Area differences in the incidence of neural tube defect and the rate of spontaneous abortion.
In an attempt to corroborate the finding of Roberts and Lloyd (1973) of increased incidence of previous abortions in women living in those areas of South Wales with relatively low incidences of malformations of the central nervous system, we examined the data of the 1958 British Perinatal Mortality Survey. We also found evidence that the history of preceding abortion among all mothers in this survey was slightly more prevalent in areas where the rates of stillbirth and neonatal death from anencephalus or spina bifida were low, but the order of magnitude was much less than in the Welsh study.
Abortion, Spontaneous↗
Pyloric stenosis in the Oxford Record Linkage Study area.
The files of the Oxford Record Linkage Study were employed to identify 220 infants presenting with infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS) in the 6-year period 1966 to 1971. Information on these infants was obtained from birth certificates and maternity notes. The overall incidence was 2.5 per 1000 livebirths. There was a distinct seasonal variation, with highest incidence to infants born in the third quarter of the year as well as variation in incidence with area: the cities had much lower rates of IHPS than the adjacent rural or small urban areas. It was shown that the rates in the south and east of the area studied were far greater than in the north and west. In the present study there was no excess of primiparae, the peak maternal age group was 20 to 24; there was a slight excess of parents of social classes I and II; and a significant association with mothers who were Rhesus negative. The rate of IHPS among sibs was 85 per 1000. Though there was the usual correlation with the male sex (M:F ratio = 5.5:1), there was no variation with birthweight and only among the females was an association found with prolonged gestation. There appeared to be an inverse relation between gestation and age on admission to hospital.
Adult↗
Influence of pregnancy spacing on outcome of pregnancy.
To assess the significance of the length of time between two pregnancies on the outcome of the second we used information collected by the British Perinatal Mortality Survey of 1958. From questionnaires on the 16,994 singleton births in the first week of March 1958 and the 7,117 singleton stillbirths and neonatal deaths in March, April, and May 1958 we abstracted information on the date and outcome of any preceding pregnancy. The interpregnancy interval was taken as the length of time between this preceding pregnancy and the last menstrual period before the index pregnancy. The most important factors influencing pregnancy spacing were outcome of the preceding delivery, social class, and maternal age. When these variables had been taken into account we found that the length of interpregnancy interval had little effect on stillbirth rates. High neonatal death rates, however, occurred when interpregnancy intervals were less than six months (P <0.005), though longer intervals had no significant effects.
Adolescent↗