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Biomedical subjects

P Altucci

Publications and source records attributed to P Altucci.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

[The epidemiology of adverse reactions to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Nimesulide is tolerated by patients with adverse reactions to NSAIDs and modulates in man the skin response to histamine and codeine].

We evaluated the tolerance to NIM in patients with adverse reactions to NSAIDs, expressed by urticaria-angioedema, bronchial asthma or erythema polymorphous on 92 patients among which 32 atopics affected by asthma, rhinitis or contact dermatitis. Challenge test has been performed with increasing amounts of NIM per os every 2 hrs to a maximum of 100 mg/dose. The last dosage was repeated every 12 hrs for 4 times more. No reactions were observed in 86 patients (93.4%). Moreover we evaluated the efficacy of NIM in modulating pomphoid cutaneous reaction to histamine (HIS) and codeine (COD). Three subjects were prick tested with HIS and COD solutions at different concentrations (0.1 to 10 mg/ml), before and after a 5 days therapy with NIM at different dosages/kg/die. At NIM dosages of 3.7 and 2.7 mg/kg/die we observed a strong reduction of pomphoid activity of both HIS and COD. No clear effects were detected at 2.2 mg/kg/die dosage. We assume a dose-related in vivo inhibitory effect of NIM on cutaneous mast cells releasability or a direct anti-histaminic effect. We point out the possible therapeutic role of NIM in the treatment of allergic flogosis at steroid and cromon's side.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Microparticulate aerosols and respiratory allergy].

The assessment of allergenic activity in submicronic particles could explain some unknown aspects of pollinosis pathogenesis. Twenty-five 0.5 discs have been obtained using a high volume sampler (Hi Vol Andersen) equipped with 0.3 micron Whatman paper filters. These discs have been challenged with a concentrated pool of sera of Parietaria allergic patients by RIA in order to evaluate the presence of allergenic activity on filters. Discs of non sampled filters and discs of sampled filters challenged with serum pool of patients sensitized to house dust mites were used as controls. The percentage of bound radioactivity was detected by gamma-counter. The radioactivity bound to sampled discs with Parietaria sera was 2.3 +/- 0.55 (Standard Deviation); radioactivity detected on control discs was comparable to background values detected by counter. These preliminary date might suggest that submicronic particles of Parietaria can retain some allergenic activity.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed1992

CD11B lymphocytes in type 1 diabetes mellitus of recent onset.

To evaluate the behaviour of CD8+ cells (suppressor/cytotoxic T lymphocytes) and CD8+Leu15+ cells (CD11B, suppressor T lymphocytes) in type 1 diabetes mellitus, 27 newly diagnosed diabetic patients and 47 normal controls were studied. CD8 cells were significantly increased in 6 patients, decreased in 9 and unchanged in 12. In all diabetic patients was present a lack of CD8+ Leu15+ cells. These results show that in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus, suppressor T lymphocytes are reduced independently from the number of CD8 cells.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Biological tumor markers].

The classification of tumor markers can at present be only provisional since in this field new acquisitions are reported daily. Nevertheless, during the last few years, a number of monographs and chapters in oncology texts have become available for students and physicians in which certain parameters (sensitivity, specificity, predictive value of individual markers) are illustrated, thus allowing for a more accurate evaluation of their diagnostic efficacy and offering indications as to which of these markers are most useful in relation to the site of the tumor. Although tumor markers are present throughout the organism, the above review is limited to those found in blood. Clinical results obtained to far have already lead to the conclusion that tumor markers are useful above all for the diagnostic and therapeutic follow-up of patients rather than for the diagnosis of tumors. The present tendency is for the association of several markers since a higher percentage of positive results is achieved both for diagnostic purposes and for the detection of residual foci after apparently successful treatments and for the precocious detection of recurrences, as well as for the evaluation of the efficacy of ongoing therapies.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Clinical experience with ofloxacin (DL-8280) in the therapy of various infections.

Thirty-four hospitalized patients with various infections: 19 with typhoid fever, 4 with gastroenteritis, 7 with lower respiratory tract infections, 2 with biliary tract infections, 1 with brucellosis and 1 with infection of necrotic ulceration of the feet, were treated with ofloxacin at a daily dosage ranging between 600 and 900 mg orally. Thirty-one of 34 patients (91.18%) completely recovered and pathogens were eradicated. In 2 patients, both with respiratory tract infections, the treatment failed and in one patient, affected by infection of necrotic ulcerations of the feet, improvement was registered. No side effects were recorded. Ofloxacin can be considered a safe and effective antimicrobial agent in the therapy of these infections.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

An epidemiological study of atopy in children.

A sample of 930 children, between 9 years and 15 years old from six Italian towns, were studied. Their family history of allergy, personal allergy and medical history, current allergy symptoms, exposure to environmental allergens, feeding as infants, and their parents' occupations were recorded. They were skin-prick tested (SPT) with a range of common allergens. A subject was defined as atopic if at least one SPT caused a weal greater than 3 mm diameter. The association between the recorded information and atopy was investigated by logistic multiple regression. Atopy was positively associated with: high density housing; medium or high exposure to environmental allergens; a history of rhinitis, asthma or atopic eczema; male gender; and a history of breastfeeding. It was independent of infectious diseases, vaccinations and operations, social class and family history. Thus, there was no evidence of a genetic factor in atopy, other than sex.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Clinical and pharmacokinetic study of cefotetan in biliary tract infections: preliminary report.

Twelve hospitalised patients, affected by biliary tract infections, were treated with cefotetan at dosages ranging between 4 and 6 g daily i.v. In only 11 patients was the aetiological agent identified. Eleven patients (91.67%) completely recovered from their infections and the pathogens were eradicated; the treatment failed in only 1 patient (8.33%). Furthermore, determinations were made of cefotetan concentrations in serum, gallbladder bile, gallbladder wall and gallstones of 14 patients undergoing cholecystectomy: in 7 patients after only 1 injection i.v. of 2 g and in 7 patients after 7 injections i.v. of 2 g at intervals of 12 h. The levels recorded were several times higher than the minimum inhibitory concentrations against bacteria that are most often responsible for biliary infections. Cefotetan is a promising and effective antimicrobial agent in the therapy of biliary tract infections.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Cefamandole concentrations in the anterior chamber of the eye in rabbits and humans.

Cefamandole concentrations were determined in the aqueous humor of the anterior chamber of the eye in 10 rabbits and in 15 patients undergoing cataract extraction. The rabbits received 50 mg of cefamandole per kilogram of body weight in the ear vein and humans received 2 g of cefamandole by intravenous injection before operation. The levels recovered were several times higher than the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against the bacteria that are most often responsible for ocular infections.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Clinical experience with ofloxacin (DL 8280) in the therapy of various infections: preliminary report.

Thirteen hospitalized patients with various infections, five with typhoid fever, two with gastroenteritis, four with respiratory tract infection and two with biliary tract infection, were treated with ofloxacin at a daily dosage ranging between 600 and 900 mg orally. 12 patients completely recovered from the infection, and the pathogens were eradicated. Treatment failed in one patient suffering from respiratory tract infection. No side effects were recorded. In these cases ofloxacin can be considered as a safe and effective antimicrobial agent.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Treatment of lower respiratory tract infections with ceftriaxone and cefotaxime. A comparative study.

The microbiological and clinico-therapeutic efficacy and safety of ceftriaxone were compared with those of cefotaxime in an open randomized trial. Fifty-four adult hospitalized patients (37 males and 17 females) suffering from either acute bronchopneumonia (19) or acute exacerbations of chronic bronchopneumonia (35) have been investigated. Four patients were withdrawn from the trial. Underlying diseases were present in 41 patients. Ceftriaxone was administered at a once-a-day dose of either 1 or 2 g (in 13 and 14 patients, respectively) and cefotaxime at a 2 g twice daily dosing regimen (27 patients), both antibiotics being given for 7-12 days. In the ceftriaxone group, 15 out of the 27 patients were cured (55%) and 9 had a favourable clinical response for a total satisfactory response rate of 88%. The causative pathogen was eliminated in 18 (66%) patients. The results obtained in the cefotaxime group did not differ significantly, but 2 patients were excluded from the study because of in vitro resistance of the causative pathogen isolated. Both drugs were well tolerated: no relevant laboratory changes were registered. The results indicate that ceftriaxone at a dosage of 2 or 1 g daily is at least as effective as cefotaxime given daily at a dosage of 4 g in the treatment of severe lower respiratory tract infections.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Comparative clinical evaluation of ceftriaxone in treating lower respiratory tract infections.

To evaluate the clinical and microbiological efficacy and safety of ceftriaxone in comparison with cefotaxime in treating acute lower respiratory tract infections two open randomized trials were performed. Sixty-two adult hospital in-patients were entered and 58 completed the study. The patients suffered from either acute (broncho-)pneumonia (19pts) or severe exacerbation of chronic bronchopneumonia (39 pts). Forty-one of the patients had severe underlying or concurrent diseases. Diagnoses were in all cases confirmed by isolation of the causative pathogen(s) from bronchial brushing or washing under fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Twenty-eight patients were administered at random with either a single 2g daily dose of ceftriaxone or 2g twice daily dose of cefotaxime (1st trial). Successively (2nd trial) ceftriaxone was administered at a dose of 1g once daily either i.v. or i.m. The duration of treatment ranged from 7 to 12 days. A satisfactory response was observed in all patients suffering from acute pneumonia or bronchopneumonia; the eradication rate of the causative pathogen was 73% and 62% for ceftriaxone and cefotaxime, respectively. Concerning the exacerbation of chronic bronchopneumonia (39 patients) an overall satisfactory response to both treatments was registered in about 80% of cases. No significant differences between the 1g and 2g single daily dosing regimens of ceftriaxone appeared. Both ceftriaxone and cefotaxime were well tolerated: no or minimal changes in laboratory values were noticed. It is concluded that a 1g or 2g single daily dose of ceftriaxone were at least as effective as a 2g twice daily dose of cefotaxime in treating acute lower respiratory tract infections due to susceptible pathogens.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Clinical evaluation of netilmicin in the field of internal medicine.

An open clinical trial was carried out to evaluate therapeutic efficacy and safety of netilmicin. Forty hospitalized adult patients suffering from complicated urinary tract infections (UTI) (19), lower respiratory tract infections (20), septicemia (3) and soft tissue infection (1) due to in vitro susceptible microorganisms were admitted to the study. Twenty-nine of these patients had severe underlying diseases interfering with host defenses. Twenty-nine out of the 40 patients (73%) were cured and 6 (15%) had a favorable clinical response giving an overall satisfactory clinical response of 88%. Eradication of causative microorganisms was obtained in 29 (73%) patients, and three substitutions during or at the end of treatment were observed. Netilmicin was well tolerated: neither clinical abnormalities of otovestibular function nor hepatic or hematological alterations were found, while only two patients developed a mild and transient increase of BUN and creatinine serum levels.

Adult↗