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Biomedical subjects

P Anglade

Publications and source records attributed to P Anglade.

51 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Binding of benzyl penicilloyl to human serum albumin. Evidence for a highly reactive region at the junction of domains 1 and 2 of the albumin molecule.

Tryptic digests of fragment C124-298 of penicilloylated serum albumin, obtained from a penicillin-treated patient or prepared by in vitro conjugation, were analyzed by HPLC. Determinations of benzyl penicilloyl groups (BPO) were performed on the different fractions. Three BPO-containing peptides were identified by their amino acid sequence and the bound BPO was located on lysines 190, 195 and 199 and serine 193. These four main BPO-binding sites are all located on a very short region (10 amino acid residues) of the albumin molecule at the junction of domains 1 and 2.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1989

Acetylcholine in neurons and paraneurons: a histochemical study.

Several years ago we proposed a method for the localization of acetylcholine in the cholinergic nerve terminals. The method is based on a rapid precipitation of quarternary ammonium cations (such as acetylcholine or choline) by molybdic or tungstic heteropolyanions (such as phosphomolybdic acid, phosphotungstic acid and silicotungstic acid). The insoluble salts formed can be directly visualized under the electron microscope. In the synaptic vesicles, acetylcholine was localized as point-like precipitates, while the membranes were well preserved. Since these fixations are based on a rapid ionic interaction, the term "ionic fixation" was proposed. The ionic fixation performed on motor end-plates in various physiological conditions, provided different forms of cytochemical precipitates of acetylcholine (point-like, spot-like, diffuse or laminar). In contrast with the numerous physiological and neurochemical investigations into the acetylcholine mechanism of neurons, very little is known about paraneurons. The historical evolution of paraneuron research, more or less bound to that of the sympathetic paraganglion and of the APUD cells may explain this lack of results. In certain physiological conditions, acetylcholine can be revealed in paraneurons and seems to reflect a plasticity of the cells, as already observed in sympathetic ganglion cells. This paper further overviews the cholinergic mechanisms of exocrine secretory cells. The presence of a high cholinesterase activity exist in most of these exocrine cells, as far as we could verify. In addition to cholinesterase activity, the presence of acetylcholine, probably related to exocrine cell metabolism, was investigated with our histochemical method.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1987

Intrinsic nerves of the pancreas after celiac and superior mesenteric ganglionectomy in rats: a morphologic study of acetylcholinesterase activity and catecholamine histofluorescence.

The effect of surgical celiac and superior mesenteric ganglionectomy (GGX) on intrinsic pancreatic innervation was studied in male Wistar rats. Neurons were stained in the pancreas of control and ganglionectomized rats with histochemical methods evidencing the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and the induced fluorescence of catecholamines. Two segments of the head of the pancreas ("duodenal" and "splenic" segments) were studied. The surface density of neuronal cell bodies was larger in the splenic segment than in the duodenal segment of the head of the pancreas (p less than 0.01), both in control and in ganglionectomized rats. The surface density of the neuronal cell bodies and the intensity of AChE staining were not significantly different in control and in ganglionectomized rats. Most AChE-positive fibers survived after ganglionectomy; only some of them disappeared. These disappearing fibers corresponded to the thinnest fiber bundles found in the pancreatic tissue of control rats. Only 10% of catecholamine fibers remained after ganglionectomy. Some of the remaining fibers may run through direct duodenopancreatic pathways.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1987

Cholinergic mechanisms in the pancreas after extrinsic denervation in the rat.

Extrinsic denervations of the pancreas were carried out in rats using bilateral truncal abdominal vagotomy and/or celiac and superior mesenteric ganglionectomy. Chronic fistulas were produced and pancreatic secretion was then measured in conscious animals. In all three groups of extrinsically denervated animals the basal pancreatic secretion was significantly decreased by 15-44% (fluid), 32-59% (bicarbonate output), and 33-43% (protein output). Meal-stimulated secretion was decreased in denervated animals by 38-57% (fluid), 32-44% (bicarbonate output), and 36-64% (protein output). In extrinsically denervated rats, atropine inhibited basal pancreatic fluid by 26-38%, bicarbonate output by 46-71%, and protein output by 63-80%, whereas hexamethonium inhibited basal protein output by 36-58%. These data indicate that cholinergic mechanisms persist in the pancreas after extrinsic denervation. This may correspond either to the spontaneous activity of intrapancreatic excitatory cholinergic neurons or to the drive of these neurons by preganglionic fibers running through nonclassic (such as duodenopancreatic) pathways. No important difference was observed between the effects of vagotomy and those of celiac and superior mesenteric ganglionectomy, indicating that most of the excitatory vagal fibers for the exocrine pancreas run through the celiac pathway and that adrenergic fibers had little effect on the conditions tested.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Surgical treatment of early breast cancer: what would surgeons choose for themselves?

CONTEXT: Although breast-conserving surgery (BCS) is less invasive than mastectomy and results in similar survival, many women eligible for BCS continue to undergo mastectomy. Whether the persistent use of mastectomy means that women do not understand their options or reflects an informed preference is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To learn which treatment surgeons would choose when asked to imagine that they themselves had early-stage breast cancer. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. SAMPLE: Convenience sample of 40 staff and resident surgeons attending surgical grand rounds at Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center in 1998. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Choice of BCS or mastectomy for the treatment of stage I breast cancer. RESULTS: Twenty-six male and 14 female surgeons participated in the survey. Half chose BCS and half chose mastectomy for treatment of their hypothetical early-stage breast cancer. Results did not differ by the sex of the surgeon. CONCLUSION: Even after being reminded of the equivalent 10-year survival statistics, half of the surgeons surveyed said that they would choose mastectomy over BCS for themselves. The assumption that BCS is the "right" choice for early-stage breast cancer may be unwarranted because many patients may have an informed preference for mastectomy.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The aging of Down's Syndrome subjects].

The normal ageing of Down's Syndrome subjects is comparable to that observed in individuals who have an equivalent cognitive deficit. However it is earlier and is related to the former intellectual level and life story of the person. Before 50 years, there is no significant reduction of memory. After this age short-term memory, the speed of information processing and selective attention weaken. These changes are similar to those in older non-Down's Syndrome defective adults, giving the impression of early ageing in Down's Syndrome subjects. In terms of autonomy in everyday life, it is possible to establish an average evolutionary profile. From 60 years old, deterioration is estimated at 45% of the score obtained at 40 years, affecting in particular the skills necessary for the carrying out daily tasks (washing, dressing, feeding without assistance.). We have little knowledge of the psychiatric evolution of this people because older handicapped people are a new group in society. In the three fields of cognition, autonomy and mental health, the ageing of Down's Syndrome subjects is very sensitive to their environment. Pathological ageing of the Down's Syndrome subject is associated with the dementia syndrome that, with varying degrees, combines disorders of the cognitive functions and behavior, modifying the personality. The clinical diagnosis of dementia is difficult to establish in the Down's Syndrome subject and opinions diverge, also it is important to comply with three rules: 1) to establish an individual base line and to observe, with the help of regular evaluations, a clear change in performance; this must be confirmed by similar modifications in daily conducts; 2) the decline depends not only on the resources of the subject, but also on the demands made by environment; 3) lasting deterioration of capacities must be clearly greater than that observable in normal ageing to signify dementia. As a function of actual age, the Down's Syndrome shows early signs of ageing compared to the general population. One notes the presence of pathological anatomic lesions from 36 years old, which are similar to those observable among patients suffering Alzheimer Disease. However it seems that about 20% of Down's Syndrome subjects do not show clinical signs of dementia 20 years later. The diagnosis, which is delicate to establish, requires an ecological process consistent over time, underlining the influence of the context and the human environment on the ageing of the Down's Syndrome subject.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Sultopride: a new powerful neuroleptic (author's transl)].

The authors have used sultopride as a treatment for twenty-five hospitalized psychiatric patients whose states of agitation belonged to different nosographic kinds. They could notice the remarkable efficacy previously stated. Interesting results have been obtained in behaviour disorders in epileptics and oligophrenic patients. Sultopride at low dosage also seems to have favourable effects on the agitation of the demented states and in the case of late delirante psychose.

Adolescent↗