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Biomedical subjects

P Arlien-Søborg

Publications and source records attributed to P Arlien-Søborg.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Central nervous system involvement in human immunodeficiency virus disease. A prospective study including neurological examination, computerized tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging.

Sixty-seven patients with different stages of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (47 CDC group IV, 20 CDC groups II or III) were followed prospectively for a median of 18 months with neurological examination, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and computerized tomography (CT) to evaluate the incidence of the AIDS dementia complex (CDC definition) and other neurological complications. Ten patients developed CNS opportunistic infection or malignancy. Among the remaining 57 patients, 12 of 37 (32%) belonging to CDC group IV, and 1 of 20 (5%) belonging to CDC groups II/III developed the AIDS dementia complex (p = 0.03). MRI white matter lesions occurred in 32% of CDC group IV patients and 5% of CDC groups II/III patients (p = 0.03). The corresponding figures for brain atrophy at CT were 71% and 30% (p less than 0.01) and for neurologic signs 49% and 20% (p = 0.06). The development of the AIDS dementia complex was significantly associated with the occurrence of MRI white matter lesions and a CD4 cell count of less than 200 x 10(6)/l, whereas it was not statistical significantly associated with brain atrophy at baseline. It is concluded that the AIDS dementia complex is a common feature of late stage HIV infection. Brain atrophy occurs in a large percentage of HIV infected patients, but the clinical significance of this atrophy is not clear.

AIDS-Related Complex↗
PubMed1990

An efficient method for estimating the total number of neurons in rat brain cortex.

An efficient method for the unbiased estimation of the total number of neurons in rat brain cortex is presented. The method is reasonable fast, the counting procedure takes 2-3 h per rat, and gives an estimate of the total neuron number in cortex cerebri with an CE of 0.10. The rat cerebral cortex is found to have a mean volume of 253 mm3 and to contain a mean of 21 million neurons. The method has been used in a neurotoxicologic study, in which rats were given toluene perorally in doses of 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg/day, respectively, for 12 weeks, followed by an exposure-free period of 4 weeks. The total number of neurons in rat brain cortex cerebri showed no significant difference between exposed and non-exposed animals. The applicability of the method is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

A Fabry's disease heterozygote with a new mutation: biochemical, ultrastructural, and clinical investigations.

A Fabry heterozygote with early clinical manifestations of this X linked disorder is described. Her symptoms, including febrile attacks, arthralgia, abdominal pain, and neurological signs, were characteristic of Fabry's disease hemizygotes. The neurological findings were compatible with a brain stem infarction. The diagnosis was confirmed by the finding of low activities of alpha-galactosidase A (alpha-galA) in plasma, lymphocytes, and cultured fibroblasts, and by the observation of typical lamellar inclusions in the lysosomes of cultured fibroblasts. Increased levels of ceramide trihexoside were also found by TLC of urine sediment. The family history gave no indication of Fabry's disease in the patient's relatives, and biochemical and ultrastructural investigations of their cells were also normal. Our findings therefore suggest that the defective gene in the heterozygote has resulted from a new mutation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Cerebral ventricular enlargement relates to neuropsychological measures in unselected AIDS patients.

In a cross-sectional study of unselected Danish AIDS patients various linear measures of cerebral ventricular size obtained by computed tomography were compared with results of neuropsychological test performances. Third ventricular width as well as right and left septum-caudate distances were enlarged in the patients (P less than 0.01). Of 20 patients 15 had at least one abnormal ventricular measurement. Although only one patient was demented, ventricular size correlated inversely with neuropsychological function (r = -0.61, P less than 0.02). The correlation between ventricular size and variation of the reaction time was even closer (r = 0.74, P less than 0.01). It is concluded that neuroradiological signs of central atrophy often occur in AIDS patients.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1988

Myelopathy in AIDS. A clinical and electrophysiological study of 23 Danish patients.

In a cross-sectional population study of Danish patients with AIDS 16 of 23 had clinical signs of neurological disease with muscle weakness or ataxia of the lower limbs as the dominant manifestation. Tibial and median nerve conduction was mildly slowed in a few patients and 15 had widening of cerebral ventricles at CT. However, all had prolonged latency of cortical evoked response following tibial nerve stimulation mainly due to slowing through the spinal cord. The prolongation of the latency of the evoked cortical responses was most pronounced in patients with lower limb ataxia and/or paresis. It is concluded that affection of the long tracts of the spinal cord are closely associated with the human immunodeficiency virus infection.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1988

Psychoorganic syndrome from exposure to fluorocarbon 113--an occupational disease?

A cross-sectional clinical study of 99 workers engaged in degreasing with halogenated hydrocarbons has been carried out. Among 23 cleaners from one factory, all at the time using fluorocarbon 113, we found 3 persons with symptoms and signs of psychoorganic syndrome after heavy exposure to fluorocarbon 113 for 2 1/2-4 1/2 years. The possibility of developing psychoorganic syndrome from occupational exposure to fluorocarbon is discussed by presenting these 3 cases.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Locked-in syndrome following cervical manipulation.

A case of locked-in syndrome following cervical manipulation in a 36-year-old woman is described. The patient had always been healthy but was born with polydactyly on one hand and had 2 mentally retarded children with progressive leucoencephalopathia. Because of pain in the neck the patient was treated with cervical manipulation, during which she became ill and developed a locked-in syndrome, where she was awake but mutistic and totally paralyzed. Following intensive training the patient became able to perform rocking movements with the head, which were used to activate an electronic system for communication. MR scanning 3 months after admission exhibited a sharply demarcated triangular area stretching through most of the pons, which was compatible with a recent infarction.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Neurological complications and concomitants of AIDS.

A survey of the literature of neurological manifestations associated with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) shows a broad disease spectrum affecting approximately one third of the patients in large hospital series. The complications include focal cerebral lesions caused by abscesses, lymphomas, leucoencephalopathy or infarcts as well as encephalitis, meningitis and myelitis. Most opportunistic infections of the central nervous system presumably are caused by toxoplasma gondii, cytomegalovirus and cryptococcus neoformans. One tenth of all patients have neurological disease as their initial symptom of AIDS. The diagnosis should always be considered in patients at risk and in males with an unusual neurological history or with a peculiar CT scan of the brain. Besides the opportunistic complications of AIDS, LAV/HTLV-III itself probably attacks the nervous system and gives rise to concomitant lesions of the long tracts of the spinal cord with ataxia, paresis and spasticity and to subacute encephalopathy and peripheral nerve abnormalities as well.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1983

Liver damage associated with occupational exposure to organic solvents in house painters.

Among 156 patients admitted to hospital because of suspected solvent intoxication or dementia following long-term occupational exposure to organic solvents, twenty-three had elevated aminotransferases in serum. In thirteen of these no particular cause of this elevation could be found and the chronic exposure to aliphatic and aromatic organic solvents is therefore likely to have played a pathogenetic role and a liver biopsy was performed. Liver histology revealed significant steatosis in eleven patients and in six of these focal necroses were also observed. Moreover, six of the biopsies showed enlarged portal tracts with fibrosis. Necrosis was only observed in liver specimens from patients who recently had been exposed to solvents. A causal relation between occupational exposure to aliphatic and aromatic organic solvents such as white spirit, xylene, toluene and styrene, and toxic liver injury is suggested by this descriptive study but needs confirmation.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Cerebral blood flow in chronic toxic encephalopathy in house painters exposed to organic solvents.

Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was studied in 11 controls and 9 house painters occupationally exposed to organic solvents for a mean of 22 years. They had mild to moderate intellectual impairment, and no or only minor cerebral atrophy was seen in a CT-scan of the brain. The 133Xe inhalation technique was used and the flow was calculated from the initial slope of the 133Xe wash out curve (ISI). ISI averaged 36.8 ml/100 g/min in the painters and 45.4 ml/100 g/min in the controls, representing a significant difference (P less than 0.05). The reduced CBF in these painters with slight to moderate intellectual impairment might be due to limited neuronal loss or to permanently decreased metabolism of the neurones.

Adult↗