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Biomedical subjects

P Astrup

Publications and source records attributed to P Astrup.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

Can the confidence in long range atmospheric transport models be increased? The pan-european experience of ensemble.

Is atmospheric dispersion forecasting an important asset of the early-phase nuclear emergency response management? Is there a 'perfect atmospheric dispersion model'? Is there a way to make the results of dispersion models more reliable and trustworthy? While seeking to answer these questions the multi-model ensemble dispersion forecast system ENSEMBLE will be presented.

Air Movements↗
PubMed2003

Airborne transmission of foot-and-mouth disease virus from Burnside Farm, Heddon-on-the-Wall, Northumberland, during the 2001 epidemic in the United Kingdom.

The results of a detailed assessment of the atmospheric conditions when foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus was released from Burnside Farm, Heddon-on-the-Wall, Northumberland at the start of the 2001 epidemic in the UK are consistent with the hypothesis that the disease was spread to seven of the 12 farms in the immediate vicinity of the source by airborne virus, and airborne infection could not be ruled out for three other premises; the remaining two premises were unlikely to have been infected by airborne virus. The distances involved ranged from less than 1 km up to 9 km. One of the farms which was most probably infected by airborne virus from Burnside Farm was Prestwick Hall Farm, which is believed to have been key to the rapid spread of the disease throughout the country. In contrast, the results of detailed atmospheric modelling, based on a combination of clinical evidence from the field and laboratory experiments have shown that by assuming a relationship between the 24-hour average virus concentrations and subsequent infection, threshold infection levels were seldom reached at the farms close to Burnside Farm. However, significant short-term fluctuations in the concentration of virus can occur, and short-lived high concentrations may have increased the probability of infection and explain this discrepancy.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed2003

Data assimilation in the decision support system rodos.

Model predictions for a rapid assessment and prognosis of possible radiological consequences after an accidental release of radionuclides play an important role in nuclear emergency management. Radiological observations, e.g. dose rate measurements, can be used to improve such model predictions. The process of combining model predictions and observations, usually referred to as data assimilation, is described in this article within the framework of the real time on-line decision support system (RODOS) for off-site nuclear emergency management in Europe. Data assimilation capabilities, based on Kalman filters, are under development for several modules of the RODOS system, including the atmospheric dispersion, deposition, food chain and hydrological models. The use of such a generic data assimilation methodology enables the propagation of uncertainties throughout the various modules of the system. This would in turn provide decision makers with uncertainty estimates taking into account both model and observation errors. This paper describes the methodology employed as well as results of some preliminary studies based on simulated data.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1995

"40 years ago".

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Blood Gas Analysis↗
PubMed1980

Exposure of rabbits to carbon monoxide and other gas phase constituents of tobacco smoke.

Non cholesterol-fed rabbits were exposed to carbon monoxide at concentrations in air of either 200, 2000, or 4000 ppm (= 0.02, 0.2, or 0.4% vol/vol). Further, exposure was performed to 0.5 ppm hydrogen cyanide alone or in combination with 200 ppm carbon monoxide or with 200 ppm carbon monoxide and 5 ppm nitric oxide and eventually to 50 ppm carbonyl sulphide. Duration of the continuous exposures were between 1/2 week and 12 weeks. Using the same criteria for intimal damage as in earlier morphological studies, no histotoxic effect on intimal/subintimal morphology of coronary arteries or the aorta could be demonstrated, when light-microscopic evaluation was performed blindly.

Animals↗