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P Aswapokee

Publications and source records attributed to P Aswapokee.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

In vitro antimicrobial activity of cefodizime, a third generation cephalosporin.

Cefodizime is one of the new broad-spectrum cephalosporins. It is an aminothiazolyl iminomethoxy cephalosporin which is metabolically stable and has a prolonged serum half life. Cefodizime was primarily active against gram-negative bacilli and at the concentration of 0.5 mg/L, it inhibited 90 per cent of Enterobacteriaceae. P. mirabilis was the most susceptible species tested (MIC90 of 0.02 mg/L). E.coli, K.pneumoniae, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp. and M. morganii were also very sensitive to cefodizime, with the MIC90 of 0.25-0.5 mg/L. Cefodizime, however, was not active against most gram-negative bacilli possessing Type I beta-lactamases of Richmond and Sykes, namely, Enterobacter spp., P. aeruginosa and A. anitratus (MIC90 of > 128 mg/L). Among gram-positive bacteria, only S.pyogenes was highly susceptible (MIC90 of 0.05 mg/L), while S. aureus (methicillin-sensitive) was moderately susceptible and Enterococcus spp. was resistant. Cefodizime appeared to be bactericidal and was not affected by serum. High inoculum (10(7) cfu/ml) of K.pneumoniae and Enterobacter spp. resulted in increase of the MIC of cefodizime. This study shows that local bacterial isolates in a university hospital in Bangkok, Thailand were not different in susceptibility pattern from those reported in developed countries. The in vitro activity of cefodizime as a third generation cephalosporin, with its good pharmacokinetic property, and the property of the agent as a biological response modifier, should prove that this is a promising new agent in treating serious infections especially in immunosuppressed hosts.

Cefotaxime↗
PubMed1990

Ciprofloxacin in severe infections.

Ciprofloxacin is the most potent post-marketing fluoroquinolone. In vitro activity and pharmacokinetic properties of this agent, together with clinical trials of the drug may be very promising in the treatment of severe infections, especially when the bacteria involved are resistant to other conventional agents. We performed an open clinical trial of this agent in hospitalized patients with severe infections in a university hospital in Bangkok, Thailand. A total of 25 patients were enrolled on the basis of clinical diagnosis of severe bacterial infections. Six of these patients were dropouts (3 of which proved to be non-bacterial infections, 2 patients each had only anaerobic infection and nocardiosis. One suffered from a severe psychotic attack). The remaining 19 patients were evaluated. There were 12 males and 7 females, the age ranged from 13 to 77 years old (43.2 +/- 20.1). Most had severe underlying illnesses (17 out of 19). There were 23 infections in 19 patients. Septicemia was the most common infection treated. Other infections included complicated urinary infection, upper respiratory tract infection, skin/skin structure infection. P. aeruginosa was the most common pathogen infected. Other organisms were E.coli, Enterobacter, P.mirabilis, S.aureus, A.antitratus and mycobacterium. Ciprofloxacin was given as an initial 100 mg twice daily as intravenous infusion, and this was switched to an oral form of 500 mg b.i.d./at approximately day 4 to day 6. The overall cure rate was 68 per cent. There were 2 improvements, 2 relapses/reinfections and one failure. Toxic effect included one psychotic attack necessitating discontinuation of the drug. Other adverse drug reactions were mild and transient. These included elevation of transaminase and LDH.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Viral infections in beta-thalassemia/hemoglobin E patients.

One hundred ten patients with beta-thal/Hb E disease and 60 normal controls matched for age and socioeconomic status were followed for 1.5 years. They were examined clinically, and blood and plasma were studied for Coxsackie B viruses and others. The findings suggest that the patients are more susceptible to Coxsackie B virus but not to rubella, herpes simplex, cytomegalovirus, adenovirus, and M. pneumoniae. In contrast to bacterial infections, splenectomized patients did not show evidence of increased viral infections.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1979

HR 756, a new cephalosporin active against gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.

The in vitro activity of HR 756, 7-[2-(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)-2-(Z)-(methoximino)acetamido] cephalosporanic acid, was investigated against 659 isolates. HR 756 inhibited Neisseria and Haemophilus species at concentrations similar to those needed with ampicillin. It inhibited beta-lactamase-producing N. gonorrhoeae and H. influenzae. HR 756 was the most active compound tested against members of the Enterobacteriaceae, inhibiting most isolates of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella, Enterobacter, and Shigella at concentrations of less than 0.1 mug/ml. It was twice as active as carbenicillin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and inhibited Bacteroides fragilis as well as cefoxitin. HR 756 killed E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and P. aeruginosa at rates similar to other beta-lactam antibiotics.

Aerobiosis↗
PubMed1979

Antibacterial activity of a new 1-oxa cephalosporin compared with that of other beta-lactam compounds.

The in vitro activity of (6R,7R)-7-{[carboxy(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetyl]amino}-7-methoxy-3-[[(1-methyl -1H-tetrazol-5-yl)thio]methyl]-8-oxo-5-oxa-1-azabicyclo-[4.2.0]oct-2-ene -2-carboxylic acid was tested against isolates of gram-positive and negative bacteria and compared with those of cephalothin, cefuroxime, cefamandole, cefoxitin, cefotaxime, and carbenicillin. The compound was less active than the other compounds when tested against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. It had equal or slightly less activity than did cefotaxime when tested against members of the Enterobacteriaceae, but was 8- to 32-fold more active than the other cephalosporins against the Enterobacteriaceae, inhibiting most isolates at concentrations less than 0.5 mug/ml. The compound was twofold more active than cefotaxime and cefoxitin against Bacteroides, and it was twofold more active than cefotaxime and fourfold more active than carbenicillin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In vitro activity did not correlate with either the presence or type of beta-lactamase in either Enterobacteriaceae or Pseudomonas. The compound showed minimal synergy when combined with aminoglycosides or carbenicillin.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1979

Comparative activity and beta-lactamase stability of cefoperazone, a piperazine cephalosporin.

The in vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of 7-[d(-)-alpha-(4-ethyl-2,3-dioxopiperazino-carbonylamino) -p-hydroxyphenylacetamido]-3-[(1-methyl)-5-tetrazolylthiomethyl] -Delta(3)-cephem-4-carboxylic acid (cefoperazone), a cephalosporin analog of piperacillin, were compared with the activities and stabilities of other cephalosporins and cephamycins. The compound was less active than cephalothin or cefamandole in inhibiting Staphylococcus aureus; it was as active as cefamandole and cefoxitin against most of the Enterobacteriaceae but less active than cefotaxime. It was more active than carbenicillin or piperacillin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In general, the compound was not active against Bacteroides. It was hydrolyzed by the beta-lactamases of some Escherichia coli which hydrolyzed cefamandole, but was stable to most plasmid-mediated, chromosomally mediated, inducible beta-lactamases in the Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1979

Diffusion disk susceptibility testing with cefotaxime.

The diffusion disk susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacteriaceae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa to cefotaxime was determined. A 30-mug disk provided data for the susceptibility of P. aeruginosa, but yielded extremely large zones of inhibition against Enterobacteriaceae. A 5-mug disk seemed to provide the most useful susceptibility data for S. aureus and Enterobacteriaceae.

Cephalosporins↗
PubMed1979

Pharmacokinetics of cefotaxime.

The pharmacokinetics of cefotaxime after intramuscular injection and intravenous infusion were determined. The mean peak serum level after the 500-mg intramuscular dose was 11.7 micrograms/ml, and it was 20.5 micrograms/ml after a 1,000-mg dose. The serum half-life was 1.2 and 1.3 h, respectively for the two doses. The apparent fractional volumes of distribution of 32 and 37 liters were not significantly different for the two doses, and the fractional serum clearance was approximately 315 ml/min per 1.73 m2 for both doses. The mean peak serum level after 1,000 mg administered by intravenous infusion over 30 min was 41.1 micrograms/ml. The half-life was 1.13 h, apparent volume of distribution was 33 liters, serum clearance 341 ml/min per 1.73 m2, and renal clearance was 130 ml/min per 1.73 m2. The pharmacology of cefotaxime is similar to the pharmacology of other cephalosporin antibiotics, but the low inhibitory levels which it has against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria suggest that lower dosage regimens should be possible.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

In vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of BL-S786 compared with those of other cephalosporins.

In vitro activity of BL-S786, a new parenterally semisynthetic cephalosporin, was investigated against 570 bacterial isolates. BL-S786 inhibited most Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, and Salmonella. It inhibited some Enterobacter and indole-positive Proteus, but it was less active against these later species than was cefamandole, cefuroxime, or cefoxitin. It was not active against Serratia marcescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, or Bacteroides fragilis. BL-S786 was the least active new cephalosporin tested against staphylococci and was less active than cephalothin against streptococcal species. The activity of BL-S786 was not altered by the type of assay medium nor by 50% serum. The size of the test inoculum altered the minimal inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations for inhibition of some organisms, particularly those with Richmond type I beta-lactamases. BL-S786 was not hydrolyzed by the R-factor-mediated, Richmond type III beta-lactamase, but it was hydrolyzed by type I beta-lactamases.

Amidohydrolases↗
PubMed1978

Disseminated strongyloidiasis: report of seven cases.

Disseminated strongyloidiasis with associated infection from various organisms in 7 cases on corticosteroid therapy are reported. Either respiratory or abdominal symptoms or both without other obvious etiological factors are its usual clinical manifestations. The highly motile filariform larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis were demonstrated in sputum, gastric content, peritoneal fluid as well as in stool. Associated infection from various organisms were found in 6 cases and it is believed that these contributed to immediate cause of death since disseminated strongyloidiasis had been eradicated before death. Only one case survived. Thiabendazole therapy in conventional dosage is adequate in eradicating disseminated strongyloidiasis.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Pulmonary nocardiosis in a patient receiving immunosuppressive agent.

A 20-year-old woman receiving corticosteroid treatment for systemic lupus erythematosus developed pulmonary nocardiosis with hydrophneumothorax. The organism identified as Nocardia asteroides resisted to sulfonamide and cotrimoxazole but sensitive to chloramphenicaol and streptomycin in vitro. She seemed to respond to chloramphenicol but subsequently had peritonitis and succumbed later.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Disseminated nocardiosis after pulmonary collapse: a case report.

A 24-year-old Thai woman receiving corticosteroid treatment for systemic lupus erythematosus, developed pulmonary nocardiosis after pulmonary collapse. The correct diagnosis was reached when dissemination had occurred which was characterized by two subcutaneous abscesses and acute uveitis of the right eye. Gram stain of sputum and pus revealed delicate, branching, Gram-positive filamentous mycelia which were identified as Nocardia asteroides on culture. Subcutaneous abscesses and exophthalmos disappeared after one week of therapy and she made an uneventful recovery.

Abscess↗