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Biomedical subjects

P Atkinson

Publications and source records attributed to P Atkinson.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Direct measurement of antibody production in cell suspensions using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

We have developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to measure antibody production in cell suspensions using highly sensitive avidin-biotinylated peroxidase (ABC) reagents. The cells are serially diluted in media and placed directly on a standard antigen-coated microtiter plate for 6 h, and the plate is then washed and processed to determine the bound antibody. The amount of antibody detected is reduced by puromycin indicating in vitro synthesis. Standard errors of the means of optical density readings of replicate samples are less than 10%. The background readings and readings obtained using non-immune cells are negligible, demonstrating no significant contamination by endogenous peroxidases.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Training for certainty.

This paper offers a critique of the idea of 'uncertainty' in the sociology of medicine, particularly in the context of studies of medical education. The work of Renée Fox is used as the main example of the work against which this criticism is levelled. It is argued that the idea of 'training for uncertainty' has been over-emphasized in previous literature. The notion of 'training for certainty' is proposed as a corrective. Finally, however, it is argued that an adequate phenomenology of medical knowledge, education and practice must recognize 'certainty' and 'uncertainty' as two different 'attitudes', which may co-exist simultaneously, reflecting different practical and theoretical interests.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1979

Doppler ultrasound examination of pathologically enlarged lymph nodes.

Pathologically enlarged lymph nodes have been examined with a commercially available 10 MHz continuous-wave Doppler flowmeter. Many enlarged lymph nodes gave rise to significant Doppler-shift signals indicating increased blood flow. The signals have been spectrum analysed and the large diastolic flow components suggest that there is considerable arterio-venous shunting within lymph glands involved in leukemia, lymphoma and carcinoma. It also seems that the signals tend to diminish in response to treatment. The Doppler signals have been used in an imaging system to produce a vascular map of the region of the enlarged gland. It is suggested that these findings might be applicable to the detection of neoplastic tissues in less accessible sites.

Doppler Effect↗
PubMed1978

Clinical evaluation of pulse-Doppler device linked to gray scale B-scan equipment.

A pulse Doppler device linked to a commercially available B-mode ultrasound scanner permits the origin of the Doppler signals to be located accurately on the B-scan by a bright-up cursor. Case histories illustrate the clinical application of this device in differentiating between vascular and nonvascular structures, or patent and thrombosed vessels. This is especially valuable when there is pathological distortion of the anatomy.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Upstairs, downstairs: medical students in their first clinical year and their previous experience of work in hospitals.

In a study of Edinburgh students in their first clinical year it was found that a sizeable proportion had had some prior experience of hospital life and work from vacation jobs--such as being porters, auxiliary nurses and so on. Students' retrospective accounts of such experience are reported. The most salient aspect of hospitals seen from this vantage point concerned the division of labour between grades of staff, and the hierarchical organization of hospital personnel. Students saw the experience primarily as a chance to see medicine 'from the other side'. It is suggested that such experiences can be drawn on in the teaching of sociology to undergraduate students.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMed1975

An ultrasonic fluctuation velocimeter.

A novel ultrasonic velocimeter is described and evaluated with a view to measuring blood flow in vivo. The device is not based on the Doppler principle but operates by analysing the random fluctuations of the echo backscattered by blood. The rate at which the amplitude of the reflected signal passes through its mean level is related (by the dimensions of the resolution cell) to the velocity of the scatterers. Experimental trials in vitro validate the concept although there is a factor of two disagreement with predictions. The device is compared with the conventional Doppler volocimeter and problems on operation in vivo are discussed.

Blood Flow Velocity↗