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P Aubas

Publications and source records attributed to P Aubas.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Comparison of hydrophobic heat and moisture exchangers with heated humidifier during prolonged mechanical ventilation.

Inspired gases must be warmed and humidified during mechanical ventilation. In a prospective randomized study we compared the performance of a heated humidifier (HH) (Draegger Aquaport) and a heat and moisture exchanger (HME) (Pall Filter BB 2215). A total of 116 patients requiring mechanical ventilation (Servo 900 C Siemens) were enrolled into the study and were randomly assigned to 2 groups. Patients in group I were ventilated with a traditional breathing circuit with HH and patients in group II using a simplified circuit with HME. Pre-existing and hospital acquired atelectasis and pneumonia, occurrence of endotracheal tube (ET) occlusion and ventilatory parameters (respiratory rate, tidal volume) were studied. No statistical difference was found between groups for each parameter except the greater frequency of ET occlusions in the II group (0/61 vs 9/55) (p = 0.0008). Pall Filter (PF), a hydrophobic filter, humidifies the dry gases from the condensed water which is put down on the HME surfaces during cooling of saturated expired gases. This purely physical property is linked to the magnitude of the thermic gradient between the expired gases and the ambiant temperature. Performance impairment of PF in our study might be due to high ambiant temperature in the intensive care unit (usually around 28 degrees C) which reduces thermic gradient and water exchanges. We conclude that efficiency of PF may be weak in some conditions of ambiant temperature.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Morpho-semantic analysis and translation of medical compound terms.

This paper describes an automatic procedure for morphosemantic analysis and translation of compound medical terms. This analysis is of interest for the automatic indexation of medical discharge reports and summaries. Since words with the suffix -osis may have many different semantic interpretations, such -osis forms are taken as examples for a general method that avoids the difficulties in interpreting medical terms as reported in other studies.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1989

[Pulmonary opacities in the shape of ribbon streamers. Apropos of a case].

The authors report a case of chronic interstitial pneumonia with a very unusual appearance (on plain films and CT); in fact such ribbon-like linear opacities with concentric and pseudo-cavitary disposition have not been previously described. They are comparable but different from the linear opacities described by Carrington in some cases of chronic eosinophilic interstitial pneumonia, which are vertical and peripheral. They are also different from the curvilinear sub-pleural opacities reported in some cases of asbestosis. On the basis of the anatomic findings they discuss the specificity of such radiologic patterns or their sole value as an evolutive state.

Female↗
PubMed1988

Kaposi's sarcoma of the bronchial tree in a renal transplant recipient.

An unusual case of disseminated Kaposi's sarcoma with endobronchial lesions is presented; these localizations are quite uncommon in the course of the disease, particularly in kidney transplant recipients. Some of the multifactorial etiologies of Kaposi's sarcoma are present: immunosuppression, ethnic origin and CMV infection. We emphasize that the diagnosis of bronchial involvement can be made during fiberoptic bronchoscopy and confirmed by biopsy without excessive complications.

Bronchial Neoplasms↗
PubMed1988

Approaches to the diagnosis of viral pneumonias in the immunocompromised host: the importance of assaying cytopathogenic viral effects in bronchoalveolar lavage cells.

Pneumonopathic conditions in the immunocompromised host (IH) are frequent and often serious. Rapid diagnosis is essential and is made possible by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Sixty-two pneumonopathic episodes in 53 immunocompromised patients were examined by BAL, for viral cytopathogenic effects (CPE) in isolated cells, with appropriate viral culture techniques. Viral culture was positive in seventeen of the eighteen episodes in renal allograft recipients and AIDS patients as against eight of the fourty-four episodes in other causes of IH (p less than 0.001). CPE was found thirteen times; in seven cases it was characteristic of cytomegalovirus. Positive viral culture and CPE were shown simultaneously during thirteen episodes in eleven patients. Ten patients died (autopsies performed in three cases confirmed viral presence). Positive viral culture with absence of CPE was observed in twelve cases. There were only four fatalities in this group (the autopsies performed in three cases did not establish the presence of a virus in the pulmonary parenchyma). The percentage of lymphocytes was high in both groups of patients (18.6 +/- 2.8%). CPE is a simple and rapid examination for the diagnosis of viral pneumonopathology in the IH. Prognosis at present is gloomy; more complex examinations such as viral cultures and/or identification of the virus by immunofluorescence will be indicated only when effective antiviral agents become available.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1988

[Pregnancy and asthma].

One in a hundred pregnant females has asthma. Pregnancy may change the course of the asthma and inversely foetal and obstetric prognosis may be affected by the illness and by the potentially deleterious effect of treatment. The maternal physiological changes which occur during pregnancy throw little light on the variations in asthma during pregnancy. Clinical studies in the literature suggest that the quality of follow-up and treatment in patients allows for a satisfactory outcome in pregnancy and that it is an important prognostic factor. Overall, taking account of the pregnancy and confinement the therapeutic approach of the thoracic physician differs little from that in management outside pregnancy. The first objective is to relieve the bronchial obstruction. Broncho-dilator therapy with beta-agonist and by theophylline remains usable in most cases. The side effects of steroid therapy ought to be balanced against the advantages, in order to maintain a normal physiological state. Immunotherapy, and antibiotics should be adapted appropriately for the pregnancy and for their respective contra-indications. Finally, the prevention of atopy should be envisaged.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1987

[Value of x-ray CT used in thin sections for evaluating sarcoidosis. Apropos of 57 cases. Comparison with other methods].

The authors have staged by CT 57 cases of sarcoidosis. In all cases CT has given superior semiologic pattern in comparison with plain-films which are the classical baseline references (Turiaf)...up to date. 30% of type I sarcoidosis are staged as type II by thin-section CT slices. This radio-clinic evaluation must be continued on months to find if this group is an homogeneous one in the prognostic meaning and if cortico-therapy is useful. The authors propose a systematic CT evaluation of sarcoidosis in 1987 and a CT actualization of the radiologic classification of the disease.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1986

[Effect of positive end expiratory pressure on arterial oxygenation during bronchoalveolar lavage for proteinosis].

To maintain good cellular oxygenation during bronchopulmonary lavage for alveolar proteinosis is often a difficult problem to solve. A case is reported of alveolar proteinosis in whom four lavages were performed. Details of the technique are discussed, as are the problems with expedients used to improve PaO2. The use of a 10 cmH2O positive end-expiratory pressure was useful only during the "in-phase"; in the "out-phase", it worsened the PaO2. PaO2 during lavage in patients with alveolar proteinosis can only be improved by three ways: cancellation of the shunt during lung filling and, during the "out-phase", an increase in FIO2 or pulmonary artery occlusion by a balloon.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Pulmonary eosinophilia in asthmatic patients: after radiography, bronchoalveolar lavage].

The technique of broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) can be used without difficulty in asthmatic patients. The authors studied 17 patients with high eosinophil counts (greater than 20 p. 100) and followed them up for 6 to 12 months. An increase in total cell counts in BAL was observed which was in direct correlation with the percentage of eosinophils; chest X-ray showed no evidence of pulmonary infiltration in any of the cases; 9 patients were steroid dependent. These observations indicate that radiological pulmonary infiltrates in asthmatic patients which is a real disease entity does not cover the whole spectrum of deep pulmonary changes in this condition. Broncho-alveolar lavage is a valuable mean of assessing the degree of local eosinophilia to compare the inflammatory disease of the distal airways with the rest of the asthmatic changes. It may contribute to a better understanding of the asthmatic syndrome; many facets of which are indeed still obscure.

Adolescent↗