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Biomedical subjects

P Auclair

Publications and source records attributed to P Auclair.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

[Measuring the willingness of chronic pain patients to change pain management behavior - a study on the transtheoretical model].

RESEARCH QUESTION: The transtheoretical model (TTM) describes the willingness of behavior change as a process characterized by six stages: precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, and termination. This study investigates the possibility to apply the TTM to the treatment of chronic pain patients. The main goal is the development of items for a self-administered instrument, which documents the willingness to use cognitive-behavioral methods for pain management independently. With this instrument a treatment can be assigned according to the patient's motivation in order to improve outcomes of pain management programs. METHODS: Based on TTM theory 56 items were developed and adminstered to a sample of 118 chronic pain patients, who were recruited via different facilities for pain therapy. Item- and factor analysis were conducted for determining psychometrical attributes of items and latent scales. RESULTS: Analyses resulted in four consistent scales and accordingly four distinctive stages: precontemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance, which showed sufficiently high indices of homogeneity and discriminant validity. The relationships between scale scores and sociodemographic and pain related variables proved to be in accordance to the theory. CONCLUSIONS: The results show transferability of the TTM to pain management in general. Two stages, contemplation and termination, could not be identified yet. Mainly termination seems not to be existent in the context of pain management. A further study should confirm these findings before therapeutical interventions can be assigned more specifically by the motivational preparedness.

Behavior↗
PubMed1994

Bacteriophages from Bombyx mori.

Preparations of silkworm larvae contained two large phages with contractile tails (Myoviridae). One phage was active on Pseudomonas paucimobilis. The other, not cultivated, was one of the largest viruses known.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Cica-Care gel sheeting in the management of hypertrophic scarring.

A prospective, controlled clinical trial was undertaken to assess the efficacy and safety of two types of silicone gel, Silastic Gel Sheeting (SGS) and Cica-Care (CC), in the management of hypertrophic scars. Forty-two patients were randomly assigned to SGS and CC groups and their hypertrophic scars were divided into treated and control areas. Extensometric measurements were made at monthly intervals for 6 months and significant improvement of the treated areas relative to the control areas was observed. The two gels were not significantly different in efficacy or safety, but CC, being more adhesive and more comfortable than SGS, has advantages in ease of use and patient acceptability.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Juvenile aggressive fibromatosis: report of three cases and review of the literature.

AF is a non-encapsulated, non-metastasizing fibrous tumor that has a tendency for local recurrence in up to 70% of cases. We suspect possible genetic disposition. Microscopically, AF is a poorly circumscribed fibrous tumor that infiltrates surrounding tissues. It presents as a painless, rapidly growing mass with a predilection for bone destruction. Treatment consists of a carefully planned en bloc resection after biopsy and accurate radiologic evaluation of the extent of the tumor. Radiation therapy and chemotherapy can be used as adjuvant therapy in selected patients. Three patients with AF of the head and neck are described, of which two were found to have congenital disorders of mesodermal development.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

The graphical representation of clinical trials with particular reference to measurements over time.

Clinical trials are frequently analysed as if they were surveys when they are in fact experiments. In particular the experimental basis of clinical trials is rarely reflected in the graphs which are used to illustrate them. Proposals are made, and illustrated by example, as to how appropriate figures may be devised, both for parallel-group designs and for crossover trials, to illustrate the experimental nature of clinical trials with measurements over time.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1990

Endotoxin increases the nephrotoxic potential of gentamicin and vancomycin plus gentamicin.

To assess the possible role of endotoxin as an amplification factor for experimental nephrotoxicity due to gentamicin plus vancomycin, rats were given continuous intravenous (iv) endotoxin or saline followed by twice-daily intraperitoneal (ip) saline, vancomycin (20 mg/kg ip), gentamicin (15 mg/kg subcutaneously), or both gentamicin and vancomycin. After 5 or 8 days of treatment, functional and histologic parameters of renal function were evaluated: cortical drug levels, tritiated thymidine incorporation into cellular DNA, creatinine clearance, and appearance by light and electron microscopy. In animals not given endotoxin, only rats that received gentamicin plus vancomycin developed measurable abnormalities. Endotoxin did not cause nephrotoxicity in vancomycin-treated rats. However, in endotoxin-infused rats treated with gentamicin or gentamicin plus vancomycin for 8 days, the increase in blood urea nitrogen, decrease in creatinine clearance, and rise in renal cortical DNA synthesis were more severe than those in non-endotoxin-infused rats (P less than .01). In these studies, endotoxin amplified the nephrotoxic potential of gentamicin alone and gentamicin plus vancomycin.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Prolonged endotoxemia enhances the renal injuries induced by gentamicin in rats.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of chronic endotoxemia in the nephrotoxicity of gentamicin (GM). Saline or Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was administered to conscious rats by continuous intravenous perfusion (1 mg/kg per day for 7 days) from a subcutaneously implanted osmotic pump. Twenty-four hours after surgery (day zero), treatment with saline or GM (15 mg/kg; intraperitoneally, twice a day) was started for 5 days. Levels of LPS in plasma measured by Limulus amoebocyte lysate activity decreased significantly from days 1 through 8. At days 5 and 8, the cortical concentrations of GM were higher in the LPS-perfused and GM-treated group (LPS plus GM) than they were in the saline-perfused and GM-treated group (saline plus GM) (P less than 0.05). Blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine remained at normal levels throughout the experiment. A significant increase of cortical tubular cell regeneration was observed in the LPS plus GM animals as compared with regeneration observed in the other groups (saline plus saline, LPS plus saline, and saline plus GM), as measured by [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA. Moreover, histopathological nephrotoxicity scores showed a synergistic toxic effect between LPS and GM. These results demonstrate that chronic perfusion of low doses of LPS potentiates the nephrotoxicity of GM.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Intrarenal distribution of vancomycin in endotoxemic rats.

We previously observed that the intrarenal distribution of aminoglycosides was modified by Escherichia coli endotoxin in the absence of any major renal physiological disturbance or histological changes. In the present study, we evaluated the role of E. coli endotoxin on the intrarenal distribution of vancomycin. At the beginning of the experiment, female Sprague-Dawley rats were infused intravenously with saline (control) or endotoxin (0.25 mg/kg) during 15 min. Thereafter, saline was constantly infused for the following 4 h. Two hours after the beginning of the infusion, animals were injected intravenously with a single dose of vancomycin (20 mg/kg). The drug levels in serum; renal cortex, medulla, and papilla; and urine were evaluated from 0.08 to 24 h after injection. Analysis of the area under the curve of the drug concentration in the different kidney components versus time showed a higher accumulation of vancomycin in the renal cortex and medulla in the endotoxin-infused rats than in the normal rats (P less than 0.01). Endotoxin was associated with an increase in the half-life in serum (P less than 0.01) and a lower elimination rate constant. The total clearance of vancomycin from plasma was significantly decreased in endotoxin-treated rats (P less than 0.01). These results demonstrate that endotoxin modifies the renal handling of vancomycin.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Actinic prurigo of the lower lip. Review of the literature and report of five cases.

Actinic prurigo (AP) is a chronic, familial, photodermatitis that primarily affects American Indians. It is more prevalent in young females and may be evident clinically as a pruritic lower lip cheilitis that typically does not respond to conventional therapy. Other clinical features associated with AP include conjunctivitis, alopecia of the eyebrows, and formation of pterygia. The histologic features of AP have been described as nonspecific. We are presenting five cases of AP in which the major clinical manifestation was a pruritic, unsightly lower lip cheilitis. All of our patients were American Indians. Three patients were from the same family. The youngest patient was 10 years old and the oldest was 69 years old. All five cases were characterized histologically by numerous germinal centers within the lamina propria and a dense perivascular plasma cell infiltrate. In four of the five cases, there was a moderate to dense infiltrate of eosinophils. All five patients had been generally unresponsive to conventional therapy. With the exception of the youngest patient, all had had the disease for at least several years. One patient, now deceased, had the lower lip lesion surgically removed for cosmetic reasons. To our knowledge, this is the first report in the dental literature that describes the clinical and histologic features of AP of lower lip.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Renal pharmacokinetic changes of gentamicin during enterococcal pyelonephritis.

In the present study, the renal pharmacokinetics of gentamicin was investigated in pyelonephritic rats infected with Streptococcus (Enterococcus) faecalis. Four days after the induction of infection, animals were given either a single dose of gentamicin or two daily injections for 7 days. The treated animals were evaluated from 1 h to 6 months posttreatment. After a single injection, limited pharmacokinetic variations were observed, whereas after 14 injections infected kidneys demonstrated significantly higher concentrations and a more extended renal elimination phase of the antibiotic. Analysis of the area under the curve of the concentration in kidney versus time showed more marked renal accumulation by the infected and long-term treated animals than by normal animals or those receiving only one injection of aminoglycoside. Renal function remained normal in both the infected and normal animals treated with this aminoglycoside. These results demonstrate that S. faecalis pyelonephritis disturbs the renal handling of gentamicin and may increase the susceptibility of the kidney to aminoglycosides.

Animals↗