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Biomedical subjects

P Augustine

Publications and source records attributed to P Augustine.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Voltammetric studies of sparfloxacin and application to its determination in pharmaceuticals.

A detailed study of the electrochemistry of sparfloxacin at a glassy carbon electrode was carried out in the pH range 2.0-10.0 in aqueous solution using cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry. Influence of different supporting electrolytes, pH, scan rate and concentrations were studied on the voltammetric response. The studies revealed the irreversible oxidation of sparfloxacin at basic pH in a diffusion controlled manner. In addition, a differential pulse voltammetric method was proposed for the determination of the drug in different pharmaceutical formulations.

Antitubercular Agents↗
PubMed2001

Dielectric properties of certain biological materials at microwave frequencies.

In the medical field, microwaves play a larger role for treatment than diagnosis. For the detection of diseases by microwave methods, it is essential to know the dielectric properties of biological materials. For the present study, a cavity perturbation technique was employed to determine the dielectric properties of these materials. Rectangular cavity resonators were used to measure the complex permittivity of human bile, bile stones, gastric juice and saliva. The measurements were carried out in the S and J bands. It is observed that normal and infected bile have different dielectric constant and loss tangent. Dielectric constant of infected bile and gastric juice varies from patient to patient. Detection and extraction of bile stone with possible method of treatment is also discussed.

Bile↗
PubMed2001

Use of monoclonal antibodies developed against chicken coccidia (Eimeria) to study invasion and development of Eimeria reichenowi in Florida sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis).

Eimeria gruis and Eimeria reichenowi are common coccidial parasites of a number of species of cranes. Until recently, little was known about either the site for invasion or the dynamics of early development of the crane coccidia because of the difficulty of identifying sporozoites and early developmental stages of these parasites by conventional staining methods. In the present study, monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) elicited against Eimeria spp. of chickens and turkeys were found to cross-react with sporozoites and developmental stages of E. reichenowi in the tissues of Florida sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis). With these Mabs, E. reichenowi sporozoites were found in specimens taken at 6 hr postinoculation (PI) from just proximal to Meckel's diverticulum in the jejunum to the ileocecal juncture. Fewer were found in the ceca and rectum and none in the duodenal loop. At 24 hr PI, there were markedly fewer sporozoites and their location had shifted to the duodenum. No stages were seen in intestinal cells at 5 days PI (DPI), but trophozoites had developed in the liver and spleen. At 10 DPI, sexual stages were detected in the intestine from the duodenal loop through Meckel's diverticulum but not in other organs. By 14 DPI, numerous developmental stages were detected in the intestine (ceca and jejunum), liver, and lungs but not in the heart, kidney, or brain. The number, location, and maturity of the stages in the ceca differed markedly from those in the jejunum.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Treatment of peptic ulcer disease in the Helicobacter pylori era.

All patients with gastroduodenal ulcer disease should be tested and treated for Helicobacter pylori whether the ulcer is active or in remission. The rapid urease test, being the most commonly available, is the test of choice in our country. It is prudent to do H. pylori serology in the case of bleeding ulcers. Physicians should choose the regimen with the greatest efficacy regardless of costs. Bazzoli's low-dose triple therapy seems to be an excellent choice from our experience. Outside study protocols, routine checking for ulcer healing and eradication of H. pylori is recommended only for complicated ulcers. However, symptomatic patients need to be re-investigated with endoscopy and rapid urease test.

Helicobacter Infections↗
PubMed1998

Compatibility problems after intravenous immunoglobulin--a case report.

Serious incompatibility was noted in a patient diagnosed as acute Guillain Barre syndrome treated with intravenous immunoglobulin. Patient had positive direct and indirect antiglobulin test and the auto control was negative. There was no clinical signs of hemolysis. Patient's blood group was O D positive and cross matched several units of ABO compatible D positive and D negative blood. Only one unit was compatible. These findings suggest that the particular intravenous immunoglobulin contained a mixture of saline and immune antibodies having different specificity. As the number of patients getting treated with intravenous immunoglobulin is on the rise more and more compatibility problems should be anticipated and should be borne in mind during serological testing and evaluation.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Pancreatic lesions and modifications of pancreatic juice in tropical chronic pancreatitis (tropical calcific diabetes).

Seventeen Indian patients from Kerala State and 13 Indian controls were submitted to a dietary inquiry. Indian patients and controls had a low fat intake (40.8 g +/- 12.1 and 34.5 g +/- 11.0 per day, respectively) and a moderately low protein intake (52.8 +/- 9.5 and 47.8 +/- 11.3 g per day); 11 patients and 6 controls did not consume cassava. Pure nonactivated pancreatic juice was collected at endoscopy in 10 Indian patients who presented with tropical calcific diabetes, 12 apparently normal controls from the same area, and 23 apparently normal French controls. The only significant differences between Indian and French controls was a decreased pancreatic protein response to cerulein and an increased calcium concentration in the Indian subjects. The pancreatic juice of Indian patients was characterized by decreased volume, normal bicarbonate concentration, increased protein concentration when the acinar cells were not stimulated, with no response to cerulein, increased calcium concentration, and normal citrate concentration. These changes are very similar to the changes observed in French patients with chronic alcoholic pancreatitis. The lesions of 14 surgical resection pancreatic specimens from South Indian patients presenting with tropical pancreatitis were compared to pancreata from French patients presenting with chronic alcoholic pancreatitis. The only difference was that intraductal plugs, lesions of the duct epithelium, and retention cysts or pseudocysts were less frequent in Indians. These results show that the two nutritional forms of pancreatic lithiasis, alcoholic and tropical, have similar histological lesions and biochemical modifications of pancreatic juice.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Surgery in tropical pancreatitis: analysis of risk factors.

Over a 7-year period, 91 patients with tropical pancreatitis underwent operation for intractable pain. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify factors correlating with mortality, major complications, poor pain relief and associated malignancy. Patients with benign disease (group 1, n = 72) had longer survival than those with superimposed malignancy (group 2, n = 19). Pain relief was better in group 1 (59 patients compared with none, P less than 0.01). Age above 40 years, short duration of symptoms, mass lesions on ultrasonography and main pancreatic duct obstruction on endoscopic retrograde pancreatography were associated with a high risk of cancer. After reoperation major complications (four of ten) or death (three of ten) occurred more commonly than after primary procedures (seven of 81, P = 0.019 and five of 81, P less than 0.05, respectively). Poor pain relief in group 1 patients was more common after incomplete clearance of main duct stones (four of 13 versus three of 53, P less than 0.01) and after short length ductotomy (three of eight versus four of 58, P less than 0.01). Tropical pancreatitis has a high association with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Wide ductotomy, stone clearance and drainage gave good symptomatic results in patients with benign disease. Overall results were poor in patients with cancer.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Is tropical pancreatitis premalignant?

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma occurred in 22 of 266 patients with tropical pancreatitis presenting over an 8-yr period (8.3%). We compared the data on three groups: group 1, patients with tropical pancreatitis (benign, n = 82); group 2, tropical pancreatitis with super-imposed malignancy (n = 22), and group 3, those with de novo cancer (n = 76). Factors associated with high risk for cancer in tropical pancreatitis were age greater than 40 yr, short symptom duration, weight loss, mass on ultrasound, and ductal block on endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Tropical pancreatic cancers had distinct differences from de novo cancers: younger mean age (47 vs. 61 yr), calculi in all (vs. none in group 3), diabetes in 16 of 22 (73%) versus 18 of 76 (24%), and tumors in body and tail in 16 of 22 (73%) versus 26 of 76 patients (34%). In group 2, survival was poorer (10 vs. 17 months, p less than 0.01) than in group 3 (those with de novo cancer). Two of five resected specimens in group 2 showed features of dysplasia, in addition to cancer. Tropical pancreatitis has a high association with cancer. Malignancy occurring in tropical pancreatitis is distinct from de novo cancer. When considered in the light of the low incidence of pancreatic cancer in southern India, the above evidence suggests a possible etiological relationship.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1988

Surgery in tropical pancreatitis.

Nineteen consecutive patients with tropical pancreatitis and chronic pancreatic pain operated upon over a 3-year period in Kerala, India, are reported. The pancreatic ductal morphology was studied by ultrasound scan, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and/or operative pancreatography. In 17 patients, duct drainage by lateral pancreatojejunostomy and/or transduodenal pancreatic sphincteroplasty constituted the main surgical procedure. Caudal pancreatic resection was required in six of these patients. Unresectable pancreatic masses were found in two patients. Three patients died. Of the 16 survivors, 14 had good relief of pain within the limits of the available follow-up. In analysing the results, patients with 'obstructive pancreatitis' were found to have increased morbidity and mortality. The need to diagnose this subgroup of chronic pancreatitis pre-operatively is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Observations and surgical management of tropical pancreatitis in Kerala and southern India.

This article describes the surgery of tropical pancreatitis as practiced in a region of high incidence, based on the experience at 2 centers: the Department of Surgical Gastroenterology and Proctology, Government General Hospital, Madras, Tamilnadu (a tertiary-care referral unit) where 52 patients were diagnosed and 40 were operated on between 1982 and 1987; and the Department of Gastroenterology, Deva Matha Hospital, Koothattukulam (a specialized center located in the main endemic area of Kerala), where 116 patients were diagnosed and 33 operated on between 1983 and 1988. The latter series is described in detail with emphasis on the preoperative imaging, operative findings, surgical procedures, complications, and results of surgery. The experience of other centers in southern India is summarized and discussed. The disease is obviously different from chronic pancreatitis in the West. Special problems of tropical pancreatitis, particularly the management of diabetes and the association of pancreatic carcinoma at a young age, are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Brunner's gland adenoma with circumferential duodenal involvement.

Brunner's gland adenoma is a benign tumor of the duodenum. We report a 58-year-old man who presented with abdominal pain, vomiting and weight loss. The patient underwent Whipple resection along with lymph node clearance. The resected tumor, 4 cm long, showed hypertrophied Brunner's glands.

Adenoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Multidisciplinary approach in the long-term management of intrahepatic stones: Indian experience.

BACKGROUND: Intrahepatic stones, though common in East Asia, are uncommon in India. There is paucity of data from India regarding the treatment and long-term outcome of patients with intrahepatic stones. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed medical records of 35 patients with intrahepatic stones who had been treated surgically. Endoscopic biliary drainage had been used in patients who presented with acute cholangitis. Intraoperative stone clearance was confirmed by choledochoscopy and intraoperative cholangiography. Outcome of surgery, frequency and subsequent management of recurrent intrahepatic stones, and factors associated with stone recurrence and cholangitis were analyzed. RESULTS: Twenty-one (60%) patients had bilobar disease. Eight patients underwent hepatectomy and 16 hepatico-jejunostomy with access loop; 12 of these were jejuno-duodenal anastomoses. Postoperative morbidity was observed in 10 patients (29%). Recurrence of stones occurred in 12 patients (34%) and cholangitis in 9 patients (26%). Presence of bilobar disease and associated biliary strictures were associated with recurrent cholangitis (p< 0.05). Two patients (6%) required re-operation for recurrent cholangitis. Complete removal of recurrent stones using conventional endoscope was possible through jejuno-duodenostomy in all 5 cases who had this type of access loop construction. CONCLUSION: Surgical treatment for intrahepatic stones depends on the site of involvement. Construction of a jejuno-duodenal access loop in patients with bilobar disease and intrahepatic strictures is helpful in facilitating postoperative stone clearance. A multidisciplinary approach is beneficial especially when the disease is bilobar and recurrent in type.

Adult↗