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Biomedical subjects

P Axelsson

Publications and source records attributed to P Axelsson.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Influence of spinal immobilization on consolidation of posterolateral lumbosacral fusion. A roentgen stereophotogrammetric and radiographic analysis.

To determine the influence of the duration of postoperative lumbar immobilization with the aid of a rigid lumbar orthosis on the consolidation of posterolateral lumbosacral fusions, 22 patients with no previous osseous spinal surgery and with fusion without osteosynthesis due to spondylolysis-olisthesis Grade 1 to 2 or intervertebral disc or facet joint disorder were examined by roentgen stereophotogrammetric analysis in supine and erect positions and by conventional radiography for 1 year after surgery. In Series 1, patients (n = 11) were instructed to keep the trunk straight with the aid of a molded, rigid lumbar orthosis for 5 months after surgery; and in Series 2 (n = 11), the same instructions were given, but for 3 months. In Series 1, osseous fusion was seen on radiographs in eight patients. In these patients, the intervertebral translations between the fused vertebrae began to decrease 3-6 months after surgery, and within 1 year, the fusions became rigid, as defined by roentgen stereophotogrammetric analysis, or intervertebral translations of mostly less than 1 mm persisted. In three patients with poor fusion still seen on radiographs 1 year after surgery, no rigid fusion was obtained and intervertebral translations of up to 10 mm persisted. In Series 2, a similar roentgen stereophotogrammetric analysis pattern was noted in two patients with osseous fusion and in seven with poor fusion seen on radiographs. The fusion was radiographically doubtful in two patients. In these patients, the intervertebral translations decreased, but translations of 1.5 mm persisted 1 year after surgery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Effect of lumbar orthosis on intervertebral mobility. A roentgen stereophotogrammetric analysis.

To determine the stabilizing effect of external lumbar supports on the intervertebral mobility in the lower lumbar spine, seven patients with a posterolateral lumbosacral fusion without internal fixation were examined by roentgen stereophotogrammetric analysis in supine and erect positions 1 month after surgery, that is, after soft tissue healing but before fusion consolidation. Each patient was examined without lumbar support, with a molded, rigid orthosis and with a canvas corset with molded, plastic posterior support. Neither of the two types of lumbar support had any stabilizing effect on the sagittal, vertical, or transverse intervertebral translations. This study using roentgen stereophotogrammetric analysis confirms that lumbosacral orthosis has effect by restricting gross motions of the trunk rather than intervertebral mobility in the lumbar spine.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

On the prevention of caries and periodontal disease. Results of a 15-year longitudinal study in adults.

In 1971-72, a total of 375 adult subjects were recruited for a clinical trial aimed at assessing the effect of a preventive program, based on plaque control and topical application of fluoride, on the incidence of caries and periodontal disease. After a baseline examination, the volunteers were subjected to scaling, root planning and conventional caries therapy. During the course of the subsequent 6 years, they were recalled for preventive measures once every 2-3 months. After the 6-year follow-up examination, however, it was decided to extend the interval between the preventive sessions. Thus, during the next 9-year period, about 95% of the participants returned for preventive measures only 1 to 2 times per year. A small subgroup of about 15 subjects, who, during the initial 6 years had developed new caries lesions or had exhibited additional periodontal attachment loss, however, were also during the following 9 years recalled 3-6 times per year for oral hygiene control and preventive therapy. The re-examination performed in 1987 disclosed that the 317 subjects, who participated during the entire 15-year period, had a low incidence of caries and almost no further loss of periodontal tissue support. It was suggested that improved self performed oral hygiene, daily use of fluoridated dentifrice and regularly repeated professional tooth cleaning effectively prevented recurrence of dental disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Salivary Streptococcus mutans and caries prevalence in Brazilian schoolchildren.

The aim of the present study was to determine the levels of salivary Streptococcus mutans in Brazilian schoolchildren, and its possible correlation with caries prevalence. A positive correlation between different levels of S. mutans and caries prevalence was observed, individuals with high levels of S. mutans (greater than 100 colonies) had a DMFS significantly higher than those with low or no detectable S. mutans (0, 1-20, 21-40 colonies).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Efficacy of mouthrinses in inhibiting dental plaque and gingivitis in man.

The aim of the present trial was to determine the effect of different mouthwash preparations used as supplements to regular oral hygiene measures on dental plaque and gingivitis in humans. 96 volunteers were recruited for the study. Following a baseline examination, each subject was given a careful prophylaxis, following which the mouthrinse regimens were initiated. During the 6 weeks of trial, the subjects continued to exercise their regular non-supervised, self-performed plaque control measures. The 96 volunteers were assigned either to 1 or 3 different treatment groups or to a control group according to a randomized code. The members of the control group and the listerine group rinsed with 20 ml of the mouthrinse for 30 s, twice daily, while the members of the chlorhexidine groups (using either a 0.2% or a 0.1% solution) rinsed with 10 ml of the antiseptic solution for 60 s twice daily. Examinations regarding extrinsic stain and plaque were performed at baseline and after 3 and 6 weeks, while the conditions of the gingiva were examined at baseline and after 6 weeks. Extrinsic stain was evaluated using the Lobene index, plaque was assessed by the Turesky modification of Quigley-Hein index and the gingival condition was examined using the gingival index system of Loe & Silness. The results of the trial demonstrated that the 3 active mouthwash preparations used as supplements to regular tooth cleaning measures markedly improved both the oral hygiene status and the gingival conditions of the participating human volunteers, compared to the control rinse.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Effect of fluoride containing dentifrice, mouthrinsing, and varnish on approximal dental caries in a 3-year clinical trial.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the separate effect of fluoride dentifrice, fluoride mouthrinsing and fluoride varnish on approximal dental caries. All 252 13-14-yr-old children at an elementary school were selected at random and divided among four groups for a 3-yr longitudinal study. Group 1 received a fluoride dentifrice for home care and a fluoride mouthrinse once a week. Group 2 received a fluoride dentifrice for home care and a placebo mouthrinse once a week. Group 3 received a fluoride dentifrice for home care and a fluoride varnish once every 3 months. Group 4 received a placebo dentifrice for home care and a fluoride rinse once a week. Fluoride rinsing did not give any additional effect compared with placebo-rinsing when a fluoride dentifrice was used for home care. Fluoride varnish gave a significant caries reduction compared with fluoride rinsing.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

A 30-month longitudinal study of the effects of some oral hygiene measures on Streptococcus mutans and approximal dental caries.

The effects of some oral hygiene measures on Streptococcus mutants and approximal dental caries were evaluated. One hundred and eighty-seven 13-year-old individuals with high levels of salivary S. mutans (greater than 10(6)/mL) were selected. They were randomly distributed into three groups. Group I initially received professional mechanical tooth-cleaning, tongue-scraping, chlorhexidine treatment, and oral hygiene instructions concentrated on the approximal surfaces most colonized by S. mutans. The treatment was given four times with intervals of two days, followed by one single treatment every six months throughout the experimental period. The initial treatment period for group II, also consisting of four visits, included the same oral hygiene instructions as for group I. The instructions were repeated every six months. Group III was maintained in the preventive program provided by the local Dental Health Office, based on mechanical plaque control and topical use of fluorides and chlorhexidine at individualized intervals. Group I showed a significant immediate reduction of S. mutans in saliva as well as an approximal tooth surfaces. After six months, there were no differences among the three groups regarding these variables. Compared with baseline, there was a significant reduction of S. mutans in all groups. There was no significant difference in caries progression among the three groups. However, the selected "high-risk" individuals in group I developed 0.25 new manifest caries lesions approximally/year, compared with 0.27 for all children of the same age group in the area. Seventeen individuals had approximal surfaces with consistently high or consistently low S. mutans levels. Forty-six percent of the surfaces with high values developed new or progressive caries, compared with 2% of the surfaces with low values.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Caries prevalence, salivary Streptococcus mutans and dietary scores in 13-year-old Swedish schoolchildren.

388 13-yr-old schoolchildren from Karlstad, Sweden, participated. Dental caries experience was expressed as number of decayed (D) and filled (F) tooth surfaces (S), and registered on bite-wing radiographs and obtained from records. Salivary Streptococcus mutans counts were determined by a spatula method. A dietary score was calculated for each individual based on an interview concerning the intake frequency of 23 sugar-containing products. Significantly lower DFS values were found in the group with no detectable S. mutans compared to three of the four groups with salivary S. mutans (P less than 0.01). No differences were found between the DFS values of individuals with high, moderate or low dietary scores. There was no statistically significant association between dietary scores and levels of S. mutans. Among the children with no detectable S. mutans, there were higher DFS-values with increasing intake frequency. No relationship between initial caries lesions, S. mutans and diet was found.

Adolescent↗