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Biomedical subjects

P B Anderson

Publications and source records attributed to P B Anderson.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

Equivalent efficacy and safety of a new HFA-134a formulation of BDP compared with the conventional CFC in adult asthmatics.

The present study demonstrates the equivalent efficacy for BDP 500 microg bid given via MDI with the new HFA-134a propellant (Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., Parma) compared to a conventional CFC propellant (Becotide, Allen & Hanburys, UK). One hundred and sixteen adult patients with stable mild to moderate asthma (FEV1 > or = 60% of predicted normal) entered a 2-week run-in period where they maintained their own inhaled corticosteroids and were then assigned to a 12-week treatment with the test drug in a randomized, multicentre, double-blind, double-dummy, parallel-group design. Ninety-one patients completed the study period. Morning and evening peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), use of rescue salbutamol, number of daytime and nighttime asthma attacks, number of nighttime awakenings, and clinical symptoms were recorded daily by patients on a diary card. Pulmonary function tests (FEV1, FVC, PEFR, MEF50 and FEF25) were completed at study entry, at the start of treatment and every 2 weeks thereafter. Morning (08.00-10.00 AM) serum cortisol was measured at the start and at the end of treatment. Adverse events were collected for the total study period. Equivalence between groups was demonstrated for the primary end-point morning PEFR, as well as for evening PEFR and FEV1 (the 95% CI of the treatments' difference was within the 5% of the LSM of BDP CFC). The other secondary pulmonary function tests measured at the clinic visit showed a satisfactory asthma control, albeit without statistically significant differences between groups. Decreases in the use of rescue salbutamol and in clinical symptoms were also reported in both groups, with no differences between them. Adverse events were reported in 81.4% of patients in the BDP HFA group and in 82.5% in the CFC group. There were 73 and 59 adverse drug reactions in the two groups, respectively; the difference was mainly due to differences in taste. No drug-related serious adverse events were reported in either group. No difference was seen for morning serum cortisol between baseline and end of treatment, or between groups. In conclusion, the BDP-HFA 134a formulation proved to be statistically equivalent to the standard BDP CFC product over 12 weeks in adult patients with mild to moderate asthma.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Eradication of house dust mite from homes of atopic asthmatic subjects: a double-blind trial.

BACKGROUND: House dust mite (HDM) allergens can accumulate to very high levels in homes. From the observed sensitivity of HDMs to heat and their allergens to steam, a novel treatment of furnishings has been developed. OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine whether combined steam and heat treatment of home furnishings reduced asthmatic patients' bronchial hyperreactivity (BHR) and lowered HDM antigen loads. METHODS: The homes of 30 asthmatic subjects aged 18 to 45 years were randomly allocated into 3 groups. In groups 1 and 2 mattresses and duvets were treated with hot air (110 degrees C), followed by steam and then heat again. All their carpets were steam cleaned. Group 2 also had a special ventilation system installed above each patient's bedroom. The homes of subjects in group 3 were sham treated. Neither patient nor laboratory staff was aware of the types of treatment. Der p 1 and 2 levels in the household dust from the lounge, bedroom carpet, and beds were determined before and after treatment and then at 6 and 12 months. BHR, measured by using histamine PD(20) values, was recorded during the 4-week run-in period and at 3, 6, 9, 12 months after treatment. RESULTS: Active heat-steam treatment of homes caused a sustained reduction of Der p 1 (P =.003) and Der p 2 (P =.001) compared with no change in sham-treated group 3 homes. Patients whose homes were treated showed a 4-fold reduction in BHR at 9 months in group 1 and throughout the posttreatment period in group 2. No change was observed in the asthmatic subjects whose homes were not treated. These improvements were sustained for 12 months in the homes with bedroom ventilation units. CONCLUSIONS: A single treatment of home furnishings reduced mite allergen load to below the risk level for sensitization and improved the asthmatic patients' BHR by 4-fold.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Male and female differences in reports of women's heterosexual initiation and aggression.

Previous work that compared male and female reports of women's heterosexual initiation and aggression is replicated. It was hypothesized that men's reports of women's sexual initiation and aggression would be significantly greater than women's self-report of sexual initiation and aggression in the most recent sample. Of the 24 questionnaire items, 12 of the 17 specifically designed to assess sexual initiation or aggression demonstrated significant reporting differences. For every questionnaire item, except "mutually consenting contact," men reported women initiating sexual contact more often than women self-reported. In addition, comparisons were made to determine the level of agreement between the results of this study and a previous study in which the same comparisons were made with a different sample. It was hypothesized that the identical questionnaire items would demonstrate significant gender-based reporting differences in both samples. This hypothesis was mostly supported with 11 items showing a significant difference in both samples. In both samples, males reported receiving female initiation and aggression more frequently than females reported giving. Logistic regression results supported a difference in perception of women's sexual initiation based on gender of respondent. In both samples men see women's initiation as less conforming to traditional social norms for women and more aggressive than women do. Gender role expectations and social desirability may influence male and female perceptions of female heterosexual initiation and aggression in a way that contributes to significant differences in reporting.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

College students' high-risk sexual behavior following alcohol consumption.

This study is a follow-up to a previous study assessing the relationship of alcohol consumption as a disinhibitor to high-risk sexual behavior. Results are based on survey data from 1,902 students attending 12 colleges. Sexual behaviors occurring after people had "let themselves drink more than normal in order to make it easier for them to have sex with someone" were assessed. At least once in the past year, 33.2% of the men and 17.4% of the women had met this criterion. In those instances, 76.3% of the men and 77.1% of the women initiated condom use for vaginal intercourse. Results are discussed in relation to partners' compliance following condom initiation and preventing the spread of HIV disease.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1995

Changes in the telephone calling patterns of adolescent girls.

It is commonly believed that adolescent girls now call adolescent boys on a regular basis and this represents a change in behavior from previous generations. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that during the last 40 years the incidence has increased. A sample of current students from a Southern urban commuter university was interviewed to determine their telephone use patterns. The changes in calling behavior among this sample indicates a transition period between a time when adolescent girls perceived their parents as disapproving of their calling boys (they placed few calls) to a time when adolescent girls perceived their parents as approving (they evidenced many such calls). Based on the current age of respondents, the transition period was calculated to be from 1964 to 1981. The results are discussed in relation to changes in adolescent female gender roles in the United States beginning in 1964.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Superior vena caval obstruction managed by the Gianturco Z Stent.

Twenty patients with superior vena caval obstruction (SVCO) due to malignancy were managed using the Gianturco Z Stent. Three patients had adjunctive thrombolysis. The primary clinical success was 90% (18/20 patients). Thirteen patients were free of SVCO to death or follow-up without re-intervention (primary patency = 65%). Three patients had re-intervention for recurrent symptoms, two successfully (secondary long-term patency = 75%). Stenting of the SVC is a valuable, under-used technique for the symptomatic relief of superior vena caval obstruction.

Humans↗
PubMed1993

Reports of female initiation of sexual contact: male and female differences.

Women's reports of initiating sexual contact and men's reports of experiencing female initiation were compared. 128 male and 212 female college students were recruited from sexuality classes at three institutions. It was hypothesized that there would be no significant difference between women's reports of initiating sexual contact and men's reports of experiencing female initiation. A chi-square test of significance at the p < 0.05 level with an alpha rate adjustment (p < 0.002) using the Bonferroni technique was implemented. Of 26 questionnaire items, 15 registered significant differences between male and female reports (p < 0.002). Overall, males reported experiencing female initiation more frequently than females reported initiating. Traditional gender roles may influence male and female perceptions of female initiation of sexual contact in a way that contributes to significant differences in reporting.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

The relationship of semen quality to pregnancy rate and litter size following artificial insemination in the bitch.

Artificial insemination of 31 bitches with fresh, undiluted, semen resulted in 22 31 conceptions (71%) and the birth of 124 puppies. Inseminations using at least 220 x 10(6) spermatozoa of normal morphology resulted in a mean pregnancy rate of 81.5% (22 27 ). The pregnancy rates were significantly influenced by the total number of progressively motile or morphologically normal sperm cells per ejaculate (P < 0.05). The pregnancy rate was not influenced by the percentage of progressively motile or morphologically normal sperm cells per ejaculate (P > 0.1). Litter size was not influenced by sperm motility or morphology (P > 0.1).

Journal Article↗
PubMed1990

Suitability of and tolerance to Iotrolan 300 in bronchography via the fibreoptic bronchoscope.

The contrast agent Iotrolan 300 has potential advantages for bronchography over previous agents in that it can be injected directly through the bronchoscope and it does not obscure bronchoscopic vision or interfere with further bronchoscopic procedures. It was used for selective bronchography in 20 patients with suspected bronchiectasis. Side effects and change in FEV1 and in arterial oxygen saturation were compared in these patients and in 14 patients undergoing bronchoscopy for suspected carcinoma. Thirteen of the 20 patients undergoing bronchography had side effects, mainly headache, nausea, and a feeling of heat or flushing. The fall in FEV1 at four hours (0.3 l) did not differ from the fall in the control group (0.1 l). The fall in arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) during bronchography (9.4%) did not differ significantly from the fall during bronchoscopy in the control group (6.1%). Iotrolan gave good quality bronchograms, which in all cases provided a diagnosis. Iotrolan appears to be suitable for bronchography by fibreoptic bronchoscope and to be well tolerated.

Bronchiectasis↗