Biomedical subjects

P B Defares

Publications and source records attributed to P B Defares.

13 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1989

Brief psychotherapy for posttraumatic stress disorders.

A large-scale study of the effectiveness of psychotherapeutic methods for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorders was conducted. The sample consisted of 112 persons suffering from serious disorders resulting from traumatic events (bereavement, acts of violence, and traffic accidents) that had taken place not more than 5 years before. Trauma desensitization, hypnotherapy, and psychodynamic therapy were tested for their effectiveness in comparison with a waiting-list control group. The results indicated that treated cases were significantly lower in trauma-related symptoms than the control group.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1986

Life events, emotional eating and change in body mass index.

The results are reported of a longitudinal study on effects of negative life events on change in body mass index (BMI; weight/height2 (kg/m2)) in men and women classified as either low or high emotional eaters. It was predicted that emotional eating and negative life events would have an interaction effect on change in BMI. Low emotional eaters would gain less weight and high emotional eaters would gain more weight after experiencing negative life events, than those who had not experienced such events. For men, emotional eating and negative life events were found to have a significant interaction effect on change in BMI 6 months after the assessment of life events on the first, but not on the second assessment date in the same study. Data on the long-term effects of negative life events indicate that the significant interaction effect found was not an artefact. For women, no such interaction effects were found. Thus, it is concluded that the hypothesis was confirmed to some extent in the men, but not in the women.

Adult↗

PubMed1985

A controlled study of a breathing therapy for treatment of hyperventilation syndrome.

A therapy directed toward slowing and regularizing the ventilatory pattern was compared with a partial-treatment, comparison procedure for individuals with somatic and psychological symptoms attributable to hyperventilation episodes (i.e. hyperventilation syndrome). Comparing repeated measures between a pretreatment baseline session and a post-treatment followup, we found that the experimental therapy, in contrast to the comparison procedure, produced a greater number of, and more extensive, improvements in psychological, symptom complaint and ventilatory dimensions. Results also suggest changes in central respiratory control mechanisms as a consequence of treatment.

Adult↗

PubMed1985

Eating behavior, personality traits and body mass in women.

In an exploratory study in women, the relationships between scales of emotional eating, external eating, and restrained eating, and body mass index (BMI = weight/height2) were studied, as well as the interrelationships between these three eating behavior components. In addition, the relationships between the three eating behavior scales and 19 personality scales were examined. Finally, differences between obese and latent obese women with respect to eating behavior and personality were investigated. Significant relationships were found between BMI and emotional eating, and between BMI and external eating/perceived hunger, but not between BMI and Restrained Eating. Also, restrained eating was found not to be related to the other two eating behavior components. Of the three eating behavior components, emotional eating was shown to have the clearest relationships with a number of personality traits. No difference was observed between the eating behavior of latent obese and obese women, but these groups differed as to a number of personality traits. These results are discussed in terms of consequences for prevalent theories on restrained, external, and emotional eating.

Adult↗

PubMed1984