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Biomedical subjects

P B Kazakova

Publications and source records attributed to P B Kazakova.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

[The late sequelae of radiation exposure on the nervous system].

Clinical, neuropsychologic, neurophysiologic as well as neuromorphologic (in legal cases) examinations of Chernobyl liquidators were performed. In addition, the study was made of the monkeys exposed to 1,5 Gy radiation. The results obtained testified to the organic character of cerebral damages. They may be characterised as chronic progressive discirculatory-hypoxic syndrome in which disorders of vascular permeability were expressed and dystrophic destructive irreversible alterations of nervous cells occurred.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Morphometric analysis of the changes in the cerebral cortex of rats after long-term administration of alcohol].

To have objective quantitative characterization of the structural features of alcoholic encephalopathy after abstinence, a morphometric analysis was made of the changes in nerve and glial cells of the sensorimotor brain cortex of rats 7 days after the discontinuation of long alcoholization of the animals. A significant decrease of the density and size of neurons in layers III and V, a rise in both layers of the number of neurons with severe pathology, a reduction of the amount of the general and perineuronal glia were revealed. The data obtained suggest marked atrophic processes that occur in the brain cortex of long alcoholized rats. Besides, they also allow regarding those processes as morphological reflection of lowered function of the brain cortex.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1990

[Changes in protein metabolism in brain neurons during the withdrawal syndrome in chronically alcoholized rats (histo-autoradiographic and interferometric research)].

The incorporation of 3H-leucine into the neuronal proteins and cytochemistry of nuclear and cytoplasmic protein levels in pyramidal neurons in layer III, V of the sensomotor cortex and hippocampus of the brain were studied in rats which were exposed to chronic ethanol consumption at different stages of "the abolish syndrome". There were significant heterogeneous changes of the neuronal protein metabolism at all studied structures in the experimental group as compared to control group. It was shown that after abolishment of ethanol consumption the neuronal protein synthesis decreased and content of protein increased in the nucleus and cytoplasm of neurons. After 12 h there was elevated synthetic activity of protein system and tendency to reduction of content of protein in the nucleus. After 24 h reduction of synthetic activity and tendency to normalization of the content of the neuronal protein were found. The functional importance of the results obtained is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Hyperbaric oxygenation in experimental toxic brain edema].

Hyperbaric oxygenation (HO) was used to treat the brain toxic edema excited by triethyltin++ chloride. Microscopic examination of the brains of two groups of animals (with and without HO) revealed the decay of pathologic signs of brain edema and reparative responses in the nervous tissue induced by HO.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Structural and cytochemical changes in cerebral cortical neurons of the offspring of neurosensitized female rats after prenatal administration of thymalin].

Age-related features of structural and cytochemical changes in the brain cortical neurons were investigated in offspring of rats which were neurosensitized and received a course of timalin treatment during gestation. Course treatment with the drug prevented the development of dystrophic changes in cortical neurons, their death and decrease in cell density within the cortical layers. Timalin acted positive in terms of increase in protein content of the cellular nucleus and especially in the cytoplasm. These effects were more pronounced in aged animals. Possible mechanism of timalin action in neurosensitized mothers is discussed.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1988

[Effect of the neurosensitization of female rats on the functional indices of the DNA-, RNA- and protein-synthesizing neuronal apparatus of the cerebral cortex and of the immune system in their progeny].

Neurosensitization effects on the state of the ribonucleoprotein particles and chromatin in nuclei of the Vth layer cortical neurons were studied in female rats. Anti-brain antibodies were investigated in their offspring on the 30th and 60th days. On the 60th day the electron-cytochemical changes were found in the nuclei suggesting the deterioration of nucleolar DNA processing and inhibition of nucleolar functional activity. Anti-brain antibodies were also found in the blood. Direct antibodies interference in the function of cellular DNA-RNA-protein-synthetizing system seems plausible.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Histological and cytochemical changes in the cerebral cortex of the progeny of alcohol-administered animals].

The authors examined the sensomotor cortex of the brain of 30- and 60-day-old progeny of non-inbred female rats alcoholized for 4 months prior to and during pregnancy. The offspring presented structural and cytochemical signs of the malformation of the cerebral cortex and dystrophic changes. Signs characteristic of neuro-ontogenetic impairment include: retardation in the growth of the cortical width, the size of neurons, accumulation in them of protein substances and insufficient variability of classes of neurons in respect of protein concentrations. The above signs of cerebral dysontogenesis are not compensated for by the age of 60 days. Dystrophic-destructive alterations in neurons, augmenting with age, lead to significant depletion of the cortical layers. The authors discuss the role of impairment of the protein-synthetizing system of neurons in the morphological manifestation of the cerebral cortex dysontogenesis and in the development of the dystrophic process.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1987

[Pathogenetic role of the abstinence syndrome in the development of alcoholic encephalopathy (morpho-immunological research)].

In 219 male rats receiving for 8 months 10% ethanol solution instead of water either constantly or with multiple periods of discontinuation, the authors studied the morphological and immunological parameters in the period of the development of alcoholic encephalopathy and abstinence syndrome. Examination of the rat brain revealed chronic hemodynamic disorders and dystrophic-destructive changes in parenchymatous elements with superimposition of acute changes in the early stage of abstinence. Acute changes in the brain were attended by considerable disturbance of protein metabolism in neurons expressed in an altered rate of 3H-leucin inclusion. The development of acute morphological alterations in the brain tissue during abstinence was accompanied by the appearance of anticerebral antibodies in the blood of the animals. The obtained results represent new quantitative data on metabolic disorders of neuronal proteins and new immunologic data related to experimental alcoholic encephalopathy at different stages of abstinence. This evidence contributes to the understanding of the pathogenetic role of abstinence in the development of alcoholic encephalopathy.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1986

[Concentration of protein substances in neurons of different areas of the cerebral cortex in alcoholic delirium].

The brain was studied in 11 cases of delirium tremens. Cytochemistry of nuclear and cytoplasmic protein levels in the neurons of the frontal and parietal cortex and the hippocampus was analysed. The findings were compared with the results of examinations in the control group (cases of sudden death of mentally healthy people). Examination of the brain from patients with delirium tremens revealed heterogeneous changes: a statistically significant reduction of protein levels in the neuronal cytoplasm in the frontal and parietal cortex and a negligible elevation of protein levels in the cytoplasm of the hippocampal pyramidal neurons. A considerable increase in protein levels was found in the nuclei of the hippocampus whereas cytochemical alterations in neuronal nuclei in the frontal and parietal cortex were less pronounced. The functional importance of the results obtained is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Clinico-morphologic correlations in the late period of closed craniocerebral injuries].

Clinical and morphological correlations were studied in 69 cases of old closed head trauma. It was found that the degree of the existing morphological changes correlated with the trauma severity, which was reflected in the clinical picture of the disease. Convulsive syndromes developing immediately and in the first years after the trauma correlated with its severity and localization. In the long terms the principal contributors to the condition were chronic alcoholism and other factors. The patients with brain injury (particularly with the convulsive syndrome) earlier developed vascular pathology and their life span was shorter, vs. the general population.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Characteristics of the DNA-RNA-protein-synthesizing apparatus of cerebral cortex neurons as a result of prenatal exposure to alcohol].

Ribonucleoproteins and chromatin of the nuclei were studied by the electron--cytochemical method proposed by Bernhard while the incorporation of 3H-leucine into the proteins of pyramidal neurons of layer V of the sensomotor cortex of the brain was investigated histoautoradiographically. An elevated metabolic activity of the DNA-RNA protein system was found in neurons of 30-day-old rats that had been exposed to alcohol in the antenatal period. In animals over 2 months of age, these parameters became normal. The results may be considered as a reflection of a transient delay of the development of cortical neurons.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Histoautoradiographic study of synthesis of neuronal proteins of the brain in response to exposure to damaging factors during the prenatal period].

The incorporation of 3H-leucine into the neuronal proteins of the hemispherical cortex and hyppocampus was studied in rats aged 1 and 3 months which were exposed to hypoxia and ethanol in the antenatal period. The test one-month-old animals showed activation of protein synthesis in neurons and in layers III and V of the cortex and hyppocampus. At the age of 3 months the rats showed inhibited incorporation of the label into neuronal proteins of the studied structures of the brain which was more expressed in animals which had suffered intrauterine hypoxia.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Angioarchitectonic characteristics of the cerebral cortex in oligophrenia].

New data are reported concerning the specificities of architectonic disorders in oligophrenia, being especially marked at stages of idiocy and imbecility. The authors feel that the insufficiency of the cortical blood supply as a result of the congenital and dystrophic impairments of the angioarchitectonics may be essential for the development of oligophrenia.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Clinico-morphologic analysis of oligophrenia of an exogenous nature].

Fifteen patients with oligophrenia (6 men and 9 women) who died at the age of 21 to 65 years were studied clinically and morphologically. Two groups were identified: 1) oligophrenia complicated by the convulsive syndrome (8 observations) and 2) oligophrenia without the above syndrome (7 observations). The first group was characterized by gross morphological signs of cerebral dysontogenic disorders and by more pronounced mental retardation. In the second group, cerebral dysontogenic disorders were expressed to a lesser degree; in some cases only at a microscopic level. Despite the differences in the nature and severity of clinical and morphological manifestations of this disease, prenatal impairment of brain development seemed to be a linking element in all the cases under study. The morphological characteristics obtained are suggestive of the exogenic nature of the oligophrenic forms studied.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Developmental status and prospects of the pathological anatomy of mental diseases].

A brief history of the development of the history of pathological anatomy of mental diseases in the country is given. The current stage is characterized, its features being due to development and introduction into practice of new methods of brain research (electron microscopy, histo-cytochemistry, luminescent microscopy, histoautoradiography, studies in tissue culture, ect). The main approaches and achievements of the national and foreign science in pathological anatomy of psychoses are outlined. The status of the pathological service in psychiatric hospitals of the country is analysed. The prospects of development are enumerated combing the clinico-anatomical analysis of the necropsy material and wide use of experimental research in modeling pathological processes in the brain.

Aging↗
PubMed1979

[Effect of maternal hypoxia on the neurogenesis of the cerebral cortex of rat progeny (autoradiographic study)].

Rats with 15-day pregnancy were exposed to two-hour hypoxia corresponding to 8,000 m altitude. On the 18th day of pregnancy they were administered thymidine-3H three times. Quantitative autoradiographic studies were performed on brain cortex neurons of 30-day rat progeny. The animals who had sustained intrauterine hypoxia were shown to have obviously higher number of labeled neurons in IId, IIId and Vth layers of the sensomotor area than controls. Differences in the label intensity were also revealed. It is suggested that maternal hypoxia may delay differentiation and maturation of the brain cortex neurons in the progeny.

Animals↗