Biomedical subjects

P B Lee

Publications and source records attributed to P B Lee.

5 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2000

Recommendations for HER2 testing in the UK.

Determining the HER2 status of breast carcinomas is a prerequisite for the use of the monoclonal antibody trastuzumab (Herceptin), which has recently been licensed for the treatment of metastatic disease. This necessitates a test based on archival material. The preferred analyses are immunohistochemistry with fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH) as a follow up test for ambiguous results. Guidelines have been developed for standardised, well controlled procedures for the provision of reliable results. A group of three reference laboratories has been established to provide advice, quality assurance, and materials, where needed.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗

PubMed1999

Generation of ultrashort electron bunches by colliding laser pulses.

A proposed laser-plasma-based relativistic electron source [E. Esarey et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 2682 (1997)] using laser-triggered injection of electrons is investigated. The source generates ultrashort electron bunches by dephasing and trapping background plasma electrons undergoing fluid oscillations in an excited plasma wake. The plasma electrons are dephased by colliding two counterpropagating laser pulses which generate a slow phase velocity beat wave. Laser pulse intensity thresholds for trapping and the optimal wake phase for injection are calculated. Numerical simulations of test particles, with prescribed plasma and laser fields, are used to verify analytic predictions and to study the longitudinal and transverse dynamics of the trapped plasma electrons. Simulations indicate that the colliding laser pulse injection scheme has the capability to produce relativistic femtosecond electron bunches with fractional energy spread of order a few percent and normalized transverse emittance less than 1 mm mrad using 1 TW injection laser pulses.

Journal Article↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison between high and low molecular weight hyaluronates in knee osteoarthritis patients: open-label, randomized, multicentre clinical trial.

Efficacy and safety of high and low molecular weight hyaluronates in knee osteoarthritis patients were compared in a randomized, open-label trial. Patients in the high molecular weight hyaluronate group were treated once weekly for 3 weeks and in the low molecular weight group once weekly for 5 weeks. We evaluated weight-bearing pain, degree of flexion, swelling and knee tenderness; frequency and amount of rescue medication; patient and investigator global assessment of pain, and safety over 12 weeks after final injection of study medication. Significant improvements in pain and WOMAC-Likert scores were observed in both groups, but not between groups. Knee joint pain improvement was noted in both groups by patients and investigators during follow-up. Close correlation was observed between patient- and investigator-reported data. There was no significant difference in side-effects between the groups. In conclusion, the efficacy and safety of high and low molecular weight hyaluronate are similar.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Efficacy of pulsed electromagnetic therapy for chronic lower back pain: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial studied the effectiveness of pulsed electromagnetic therapy (PEMT) in patients with chronic lower back pain. Active PEMT (n = 17) or placebo treatment (n = 19) was performed three times a week for 3 weeks. Patients were assessed using a numerical rating scale (NRS) and revised Oswestry disability scores for 4 weeks after therapy. PEMT produced significant pain reduction throughout the observation period compared with baseline values. The percentage change in the NRS score from baseline was significantly greater in the PEMT group than the placebo group at all three time-points measured. The mean revised Oswestry disability percentage after 4 weeks was significantly improved from the baseline value in the PEMT group, whereas there were no significant differences in the placebo group. In conclusion, PEMT reduced pain and disability and appears to be a potentially useful therapeutic tool for the conservative management of chronic lower back pain.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of gynaecological laparoscopic surgery on cerebral oxygenation.

During gynaecological laparoscopic surgery, alterations in cerebral blood flow and intracranial pressure are frequently reported. These changes affect cerebral perfusion pressure and thus may affect cerebral oxygenation. In this prospective study, the effect of gynaecological laparoscopic surgery on cerebral oxygenation was examined by following the changes in regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSo2). Twenty-four female patients were enrolled. The mean rSo2 was 65.5 +/- 5.4% at baseline before surgery, 60.8 +/- 5.6% when the patient was placed in the Trendelenburg position, 57.1 +/- 9.3% after creation of pneumoperitoneum, and 64.0 +/- 7.3% after the completion of surgery. During the period of pneumoperitoneum, rSo2 fell below 50% in two hypercapnic patients. In comparison with baseline, rSo2 declined significantly in the Trendelenburg position. The creation of pneumoperitoneum itself did not decrease the average rSo2 value further unless the patients were hypercapnic.

Adult↗