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Biomedical subjects

P B Moser-Veillon

Publications and source records attributed to P B Moser-Veillon.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Postpartum iron status in nonlactating participants and nonparticipants in the special supplemental nutrition program for women, infants, and children.

BACKGROUND: Iron deficiency, a pervasive problem among low-income women of childbearing age, threatens maternal health and pregnancy outcomes. The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) was designed to alleviate health problems and provides supplemental nutritious foods, nutrition education, and health care referrals. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to examine the benefits associated with participation in WIC in terms of biochemical tests of postpartum iron status in nonlactating women. DESIGN: WIC participants (n = 57) and eligible nonparticipants (n = 53), matched by race and age, were followed bimonthly over 6 mo postpartum. Finger stick blood samples (500 microL) were collected for measurement of plasma ferritin, transferrin receptor (TfR), and hemoglobin (Hb). RESULTS: The mean (+/-SE) Hb concentration of participants exceeded that of nonparticipants from months 2 through 6. At 6 mo, the mean Hb concentration of participants was significantly higher than that of nonparticipants (8.01+/-0.12 and 7.63+/-0.12 mmol/L, respectively; P< 0.05) and the prevalence of anemia was significantly lower (17% and 51%, respectively; P<0.05). TfR and ferritin concentrations (consistently within the reference ranges) and dietary iron intakes did not differ significantly between participants and nonparticipants and were not correlated with Hb concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that WIC participants were significantly less likely to become anemic if uninterrupted postpartum participation lasted for 6 mo. The lack of correlation among iron status indicators suggests that the lower mean Hb concentration in nonparticipants at 6 mo may not have been related to improved iron status in participants but to other nutrient deficiencies or differences in access to health care and health and nutrition education.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Calcium fractional absorption and metabolism assessed using stable isotopes differ between postpartum and never pregnant women.

Determining the fractional absorption (FA) of calcium using the incorporation into urine of stable isotopes given intravenously (IV) and orally has become a routine procedure. We investigated the FA of calcium in two groups of (2-3 mo) postpartum women lactating (LACT) (n = 6) and nonlactating (PPNL) (n = 6), and in never pregnant (NP) women (n = 7). The women consumed a controlled diet containing 30-33 mmol/d calcium (Ca) for 21 d. On d 7 of the controlled diet, the women received 0.05 mmol of 42Ca IV and 0.25 mmol 44Ca orally in milk. Urine samples (24-h) were collected for the next 14 d and morning blood samples were collected from fasting subjects before dosing and at 24 and 48 h after receiving the isotopes. Milk samples from the LACT women were collected from each feeding beginning 24 h before to 72 h after dosing. There were no significant differences in the FA of calcium as measured by stable isotope incorporation into urine (23.8 +/- 2.9%), serum (24.0 +/- 3.4%) or milk (23.6 +/- 3.6%) of LACT women. The fractional calcium absorption measured in urine of the postpartum women (LACT and PPNL, 23.8 +/- 2.9% and 25.0 +/- 3.3%, respectively) did not differ but was greater (P < 0.028) than that of the NP women (17.3 +/- 1.3%). The postpartum LACT and PPNL women had a reduced urinary excretion of calcium (P < 0.01) compared with the NP women. There was a significantly greater incorporation (P < 0.001) by LACT women of the oral isotope dose into milk than into urine. Calcium FA can be determined from incorporation of stable isotopes into breast milk and serum as well as urine.

Absorption↗
PubMed2000

Effect of beta-carotene supplementation and lactation on carotenoid metabolism and mitogenic T lymphocyte proliferation.

BACKGROUND: Information is lacking regarding the effects of beta-carotene supplementation, early lactation, or both on circulating carotenoid concentrations and T lymphocyte proliferation. OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the effects of short-term beta-carotene supplementation (30 mg/d for 28 d) during early lactation (days 4-32 postpartum) on circulating carotenoid concentrations and on the T lymphocyte proliferative response to phytohemagglutinin. DESIGN: Subjects aged 19-39 y were paired [lactating (4 d postpartum) and nonlactating (never pregnant, healthy women)] and randomly assigned to receive either beta-carotene or a placebo. During the study, subjects provided eight 24-h food records for analysis with the NUTRITIONIST IV and US Department of Agriculture carotenoid databases. Nonfasting blood samples were collected at baseline and at 28 d. Plasma analysis included quantification of alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, lutein, lycopene, retinol, and alpha-tocopherol, complete differential blood cell counts, and lymphocyte proliferative activity. RESULTS: beta-Carotene supplementation increased beta-carotene (P < 0.001) and alpha-carotene (P < 0.05) concentrations but did not affect lycopene concentrations significantly. Supplemented women showed significant decreases in plasma lutein (P < 0.03), as did lactating subjects (P < 0.02). Neither lactation nor beta-carotene supplementation affected the T lymphocyte proliferative response to phytohemagglutinin. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that beta-carotene supplementation as well as some events related to parturition, initiation of lactation, or both alter circulating concentrations of lutein. beta-Carotene supplementation does not enhance T lymphocyte immune competence in healthy women.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Authorship: can you claim a byline?

Decisions about bylines, although seemingly straightforward, can "breed ill-will," "wreck friendships," and "even damage careers" if decisions are not in accord with professional guidelines and common sense. Editors have attempted to promote responsible authorship by creating Uniform Requirements. According to the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors, each author must have made a substantial contribution to all 3 of the following conditions to qualify for authorship: conceiving and designing the work represented by the article or analyzing and interpreting data; drafting the article or revising it critically for important intellectual content; and giving final approval of the version to be published. Despite these guidelines, bylines continue to include grafters and guests. Researchers believe guidelines for authorship are necessary but suggest the existing Uniform Requirements may be overly restrictive and easily misinterpreted. Editors will need to work with researchers to reach consensus on realistic and appropriate guidelines for authorship.

Authorship↗
PubMed1998

Distribution of a stable isotope of chromium (53Cr) in serum, urine, and breast milk in lactating women.

To determine the fate and distribution of chromium during lactation, six lactating women (25-38 y old) were given three doses of the tracer 53Cr (7.55 micromol/d, or 400 microg/d) on days 1, 2, and 3 of the study. Diet records, blood samples taken while subjects were fasting, and 24-h composite milk and urine samples were collected from day 0 to day 6. Fasting blood samples, morning milk samples, and 24-h urine samples were also collected on days 8, 10, 15, 30, 60, and 90. 53Cr and natural and total chromium concentrations in biological fluids were measured with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and total urinary chromium was measured with atomic-absorption spectrometry. 53Cr was detectable in serum 2 h after dosing and continued to be detected from day 30 to day 60. Changes in total serum chromium concentration in response to the oral dose suggested that chromium concentrations in blood were not tightly regulated. 53Cr was not detected in breast milk and no significant changes in natural chromium concentration in milk were observed in response to the oral doses, suggesting that breast-milk chromium concentrations are independent of intake. The estimated chromium intake of exclusively breast-fed infants was 2.5 nmol/d (0.13 microg/d), below the lower end of the range of estimated safe and adequate daily dietary intakes (10-40 microg/d) for infants 0-6 mo of age. The baseline chromium concentration in urine and the minimum 53Cr absorption in lactating women were comparable with values for nonpregnant, nonlactating subjects. Chromium losses in breast milk do not appear to be compensated for via increased absorption or decreased excretion.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1998

Acute and chronic resistive exercise increase urinary chromium excretion in men as measured with an enriched chromium stable isotope.

Both exercise and chromium exert beneficial effects on insulin function. The mechanism by which exercise improves insulin response may involve an alteration in Cr metabolism. To determine the effects of acute and chronic resistive exercise on urinary Cr losses, we measured the effects of acute resistive exercise and 16 wk of resistive exercise training on urinary Cr losses of 10 men 53-63 y of age. Subjects consumed diets in compliance with the American Heart Association Phase I diet with a Cr content of 30 +/- 4 microg/d. Sixteen weeks of resistive exercise training led to approximately 40% increases in upper and lower body strength, increases in fat-free mass and decreases in the percentage of body fat. An enriched stable isotope of Cr, 53Cr, was employed to differentiate the exogenously administered Cr from the native endogenous Cr. Both acute and chronic resistive exercise increased 53Cr losses. These data demonstrate that the improvements in body composition due to resistive exercise are associated with increased urinary Cr losses that are consistent with increased absorption.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1997

Magnesium supplementation in patients with congestive heart failure.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate several potential clinical indicators of magnesium status (diet, blood, urine, 24-hour load retention) in patients with congestive heart failure before, during, and after oral magnesium supplementation. METHODS: Twelve patients with New York Heart Association class II-III heart failure and 12 age and sex matched healthy control subjects were supplemented with 10.4 mmol oral magnesium lactate for 3 months. For the determination of magnesium status, samples of whole blood, serum, plasma, red blood cells, and urine (24-hour) were collected. Four-day dietary intake records were reviewed. A 4-hour IV magnesium load retention study was performed before and 3 months after magnesium supplementation. A non-supplemented control group was similarly studied. RESULTS: At baseline, magnesium intakes for all groups were below the RDA. No significant differences were seen in serum, plasma, ultrafiltrates of serum or plasma or red cell magnesium concentrations among groups over time. At baseline 5/27 subjects (19%) compared to 11/27 subjects (41%) after supplementation demonstrated normal magnesium retentions (< 25%). Magnesium excretions among groups were significantly different during supplementation. Percent magnesium retentions among groups were not different. CONCLUSIONS: Supplementation with 10.4 mmol oral magnesium daily for 3 months did not significantly alter blood levels or magnesium retention; however, patients demonstrated lower retention of magnesium after supplementation. Differences in magnesium retention was not related to basal magnesium intake, blood levels or excretion. Unfortunately, even an intensive effort at characterizing magnesium status did not identify a clinical indicator of utility for differentiating patients with congestive heart failure before, during, and after 3 months of magnesium supplementation.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1995

Zinc needs and homeostasis during lactation.

During lactation there is an increased maternal loss of essential trace element zinc that is secreted into milk. During the first six months of lactation a mean of approximately 1.1 mg d-1 of zinc is secreted into human milk, which decreases to 0.6 mg d-1 during the next six months of lactation. The increased maternal need for zinc must be met through an increased dietary intake or homeostatic mechanisms which could compensate for the secretion of zinc into milk. These homeostatic mechanisms may include an increase in absorption, reduced excretion (urine and faecal endogenous losses) and the use of maternal pools of zinc, such as bone. Enhanced zinc absorption during lactation has been reported for lactating women whose intake of zinc is less than half of the current recommendation. Urinary zinc excretion by lactating women has also been observed to be significantly decreased up to 6 months postpartum compared to women who have never been pregnant. Approximately 30% of total body zinc is associated with bone. During lactation maternal bone resorption and reduction in one mineral content has been observed. Since urinary zinc excretion is reduced during lactation, this bone resorption could supply a portion of the zinc that is incorporated into milk. Thus, during lactation, homeostatic mechanisms which include an enhanced zinc absorption, reduced urinary zinc excretion and zinc from bone resorption could partially compensate for the secretion of zinc into human milk. These homeostatic mechanisms need to be considered when dietary recommendations for zinc intake are made for lactating women.

Absorption↗
PubMed1995

A longitudinal study of urinary calcium, magnesium, and zinc excretion in lactating and nonlactating postpartum women.

Postpartum lactating (n = 12) and nonlactating (n = 11) women and never pregnant women (n = 14) collected urine samples and diet records 2 d each month for 6 mo to determine whether postpartum women conserved urinary calcium, magnesium, or zinc. Mean daily excretions were analyzed by repeated-measures analysis of variance and covariance to assess group and time effects. Lactating women excreted less urinary calcium (1-6 mo) than never pregnant (n = 8) and nonlactating (n = 4) women who did not use oral contraceptives (P < 0.01); however, excretion rose (P < 0.05) by 3 mo postpartum. In the nonlactating and never pregnant groups, women using oral contraceptives excreted less urinary calcium than the other women (P < 0.01). Lactating women excreted less urinary zinc (1-6 mo) than did control and non-lactating women (P < 0.01). Mechanisms may possibly be operating during lactation that depress urinary calcium for > or = 2 mo and urinary zinc < or = 6 mo postpartum.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Magnesium homeostasis: conservation mechanism in lactating women consuming a controlled-magnesium diet.

This study was undertaken to determine whether lactating women consuming a low-magnesium diet compensate for magnesium secreted into breast milk by decreasing urinary magnesium losses. Six lactating (L) women, six nonlactating (NL) women (75 +/- 5 and 61 +/- 5 d postpartum, respectively), and seven never-pregnant (NP) women were studied while consuming a constant magnesium intake of 8.97 +/- 0.01 mmol/d for 20 d. After a 5-d stabilization period on the controlled diet, 24-h urine and fecal samples were collected for the next 15 d. The L women excreted significantly less (P < 0.01) urinary magnesium (2.10 +/- 0.35 mmol/d) than the NP women (3.45 +/- 0.37 mmol/d). No significant differences were detected in mean apparent magnesium absorption among the three groups of women, because of large individual variations of fecal magnesium and small sample size. L women apparently compensated for magnesium losses in breast milk (1.04 +/- 0.06 mmol/d) by reducing urinary magnesium losses (1.38 mmol/d) when consuming 8.97 mmol Mg/d.

Absorption↗
PubMed1993

Breast milk chromium and its association with chromium intake, chromium excretion, and serum chromium.

Chromium metabolism of lactating women was evaluated by measuring diet, breast milk, urine, and serum chromium in 17 subjects 60 d postpartum. Breast milk chromium concentration was similar for the 3 d of collection with a mean +/- SE concentration of 3.54 +/- 0.40 nmol/L (0.18 ng/mL). Dietary intake and urinary chromium values were also similar for each of the 3 collection days. Total chromium intake of lactating mothers (0.79 +/- 0.08 mumol/d) was greater than that of reference female subjects (0.48 +/- 0.02). There was a significant correlation (r = 0.84) between serum chromium and urinary chromium excretion. If a breast milk volume of 715 mL is assumed, chromium intake of exclusively breast-fed infants is < 2% of the estimated safe and adequate daily intake of 10 micrograms. In summary, breast milk chromium content is independent of dietary chromium intake and serum or urinary chromium values. Chromium intake also did not correlate with serum or urine chromium but there was a significant relationship between serum and urinary chromium concentrations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Utilization of two different chemical forms of selenium during lactation using stable isotope tracers: an example of speciation in nutrition.

The bioavailability and metabolism of different chemical species of mineral nutrients in the diet are receiving much attention from research nutritionists. In order to make scientifically based recommendations for mineral intakes, the chemical form of the mineral, with its specific absorption, utilization and retention, needs to be considered. Selenium is an example of an essential nutrient that is consumed in several different chemical forms, hence information is needed on the bioavailability and metabolism of each form before recommendations for dietary intakes can be made. A valuable tool for research on bioavailability and metabolism in humans is stable isotope tracers. When there are more than two stable isotopes available, as with selenium, stable isotope methodology allows the comparison of the utilization of different chemical forms of the nutrient simultaneously in in vivo studies. As an example of speciation questions addressed by nutritionists, a study is described that simultaneously evaluated utilization (absorption, retention and appearance in milk and blood) of two different chemical forms of selenium (selenite and selenomethionine) in lactating, non-lactating and never pregnant women using stable isotope tracers. All three groups of women had similar selenium status at the start of the study. Significantly more selenium from selenomethionine than from selenite was absorbed and appeared in the plasma in all groups. Milk contained more selenium from apparently absorbed selenomethionine than from selenite. All groups retained significantly more selenium from selenomethionine than from selenite; lactating women retained more selenium from selenite than did the other two groups, suggesting that milk losses may be partially compensated by enhanced retention of dietary selenium as selenite.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Plasma and erythrocyte magnesium changes following a glucose challenge during pregnancy.

This study examined the effects of pregnancy and glucose loading on plasma and erythrocyte (RBC) magnesium (Mg) concentrations. In a completely randomized design with repeated measures, 15 nonpregnant, 15 early pregnant (13-17 weeks) and 15 late pregnant (28-34 weeks) women ingested 100 g glucose. Blood was collected at 0, 30, 60, 120 and 180 minutes to evaluate changes in Mg levels. Fasting plasma Mg concentrations decreased slightly but not significantly as gestational age of the groups increased. Fasting RBC Mg concentrations were significantly higher (p less than 0.05) in late pregnant women compared with early pregnant and nonpregnant women. Plasma Mg responses to a glucose challenge in nonpregnant women exhibited a curvilinear pattern whereas responses in pregnant women appeared unaffected by the glucose challenge. RBC Mg concentrations for nonpregnant and early pregnant women failed to respond to the glucose challenge whereas it decreased in a linear pattern during late pregnancy. The diabetogenic effect of late pregnancy appears to affect RBC Mg. This redistribution of Mg during late pregnancy could suggest a possible role for RBC as a Mg pool.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1992

A review of magnesium intake in the elderly. A cause for concern?

Elderly people in the United States represent an emerging high risk group for nutritional deficiencies. A magnesium deficit in the elderly can occur due to inadequate nutrient intakes, multiple drug use, or altered gastrointestinal function. Magnesium has been targeted as a risk factor for elderly people and has been implicated in the aging process. Data presented in this review confirm decreased availability of magnesium in the food supply, lower intakes of magnesium by elderly people, and widespread supplementation practices. Conflicting data exist regarding levels of magnesium in the blood and magnesium status in the elderly. It is not known to what extent suboptimal intakes may affect the aging process; however, magnesium-deficient conditions have been associated with neuromuscular and cardiovascular disorders, endocrine disturbances, insulin resistance and Alzheimer's disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Effect of a glucose challenge on plasma copper levels during pregnancy.

This study examined the effect of pregnancy and glucose loading on plasma copper (Cu) levels. In a completely random design with repeated measures, 18 nonpregnant women, 16 early pregnant women (13-17 weeks), and 16 late pregnant women (28-34 weeks) ingested 100 g glucose with blood collected at 0, 30, 60, 120, and 180 minutes to evaluate changes in Cu levels in blood. Plasma Cu and plasma ceruloplasmin (CP) activity increased significantly (p less than 0.05) as pregnancy progressed, even though there were no significant differences in dietary Cu intakes. Plasma Cu and CP activity responses to the glucose challenge were similar for the three groups. Combined data from the three groups showed a significant (p less than 0.05) increase in plasma Cu by 30 minutes, which dropped significantly (p less than 0.05) by 180 minutes, and a significant decrease (p less than 0.05) in plasma CP activity from baseline to 180 minutes. Although plasma Cu and CP activity were altered with pregnancy, their responses to a glucose challenge did not appear to be associated with the diabetogenic state of pregnancy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Dietary intakes and biochemical markers of selected minerals: comparison of highly trained runners and untrained women.

Mineral status of highly trained (HT) women runners (n = 14) and untrained (UT) women (n = 11), as determined from 3-day dietary records, blood, and urine samples, was compared. HT women had significantly higher energy (HT: 2331 +/- 121 vs UT: 1973 +/- 107 kcal/day; p less than 0.05), magnesium (Mg) (HT: 369 +/- 29 vs UT: 262 +/- 18 mg/day, p less than 0.05), and potassium (K) (HT: 3874 +/- 384 vs UT: 2646 +/- 244 mg/day; p less than 0.05) intakes than UT women. However, mean daily intakes of calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and sodium (Na) were not different for the two groups. Plasma concentrations and urinary excretion of Ca, Mg, and Cu of HT and UT women did not differ. Plasma Fe concentrations of the two groups were also similar (HT: 21 +/- 2 vs UT: 22 +/- 1 mumol/L), and, although serum ferritin concentrations of HT women were lower than UT women (HT: 18 +/- 4 vs UT: 30 +/- 6 micrograms/L), the difference was not significant. Urinary Na excretion of the two groups did not differ. HT women had a higher K intake than UT women but urinary K excretion of the two groups did not differ. Whether present mineral intakes by HT women are adequate during periods of intensive training remains to be determined.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed1990

A longitudinal study of pyridoxine and zinc supplementation of lactating women.

Forty lactating women were randomly assigned to four treatment groups. Beginning at 1-d postpartum the women in each group received a daily vitamin-mineral supplement for 9 mo. The treatments differed only in the amount of vitamin B-6 (0.5 or 4.0 mg pyridoxine) and zinc (0 or 25 mg) included in the supplements. The 4.0-mg pyridoxine supplements significantly increased plasma total vitamin B-6, plasma pyridoxal phosphate (PLP), and milk total vitamin B-6, thus showing that maternal intake exerts a significant effect on vitamin B-6 concentration in milk. There was no effect of vitamin B-6 intake on plasma, erythrocyte, or milk zinc concentration. The 25-mg zinc supplement also had no effect on plasma, erythrocyte, or milk zinc concentration, suggesting that maternal zinc intake is not a major regulator of milk zinc concentration.

Adult↗