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Biomedical subjects

P B Terry

Publications and source records attributed to P B Terry.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

CA125-response assessment in epithelial ovarian cancer.

To assess the clinical potential of serial serum CA125 measurements in the follow-up of patients with epithelial ovarian cancer, 74 consecutive unselected patients with histologically confirmed ovarian carcinoma were studied prospectively. There was an 83% concordance between clinical assessment and CA125 assessment of response. The positive predictive values of a rising CA125 for disease progression and a falling CA125 for disease regression were 0.93 and 0.94, respectively. The absolute CA125 values during observations of complete response (mean 96 U/ml; 95% confidence interval; 33 to 128 U/ml), partial response (mean 134 U/ml; 95% confidence interval; 98 to 159 U/ml) and stable or progressive disease (mean 391 U/ml; 95% confidence interval; 282 to 545 U/ml) were significantly different. A randomized study is required to determine whether CA125 monitoring has any benefit in terms of outcome, and particularly survival, in epithelial ovarian cancer.

Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate↗
PubMed1990

Routine testing and prophylaxis.

Routine testing and prophylaxis is considered in terms of haematological disorders, biochemical testing, hormonal testing, screening for gestational diabetes and nutritional deficiencies. Within these headings the place of routine supplementation of pregnant women with iron, vitamins, trace elements and an increased protein/calorie intake is discussed. Screening for haemoglobinopathies, irregular blood group antibodies and gestational diabetes is dealt with in detail. The place for routine prophylaxis with anti-D is considered. Biochemical and hormonal testing is covered with particular reference to the use of biochemical and hormonal assays as placental function tests and their use in assessing fetal well-being. In this respect the use of biochemical and hormonal tests to screen a pregnant population for intrauterine growth retardation is also discussed.

Clinical Laboratory Techniques↗
PubMed1990

Hypocapnia does not alter collateral ventilation in sheep.

Hypocapnic constriction has been proposed as a mechanism by which collateral pathways might rapidly alter ventilation to match perfusion. We studied the changes in response to hypocapnia with age in sheep, a species with collateral resistance (Rcoll) similar to those measured in humans. Measurements of Rcoll were made with either 5 or 10% CO2 and with air (hypocapnia) in 29 anesthetized sheep, ages 6 mo to 10 yr, with the wedged bronchoscope technique. Rcoll was 0.42 +/- 0.12, 0.58 +/- 0.18, 0.32 +/- 0.18, and 0.17 +/- 0.04 (SE) cmH2O.ml-1.min in 6-mo- and 1-, 2-, and 10-yr-old animals, respectively. These values were unchanged with hypocapnia. Despite the lack of a change in Rcoll with hypocapnia, administration of histamine aerosol (8 animals) through the bronchoscope increased Rcoll by 151 +/- 35% (P less than 0.05). These data suggest that although collateral pathways exist in sheep and are capable of constriction, they do not respond to hypocapnia. Furthermore, the response to hypocapnia is not influenced by age.

Aging↗
PubMed1989

Pulmonary consequences of aspiration.

Aspiration can lead to serious pulmonary disease and occasionally death. Substances aspirated commonly include bacteria or gastric contents or both, but may be as unusual as diesel oil or a variety of foreign bodies. Pulmonary symptoms range from a subtle cough, wheezing, or hoarseness to severe dyspnea or asphyxiation. We discuss the mechanism of pulmonary disease caused by aspiration as well as the appropriate treatment.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMed1989

Effect of pH on pulmonary vascular tone, reactivity, and arachidonate metabolism.

We studied the effects of perfusate pH on pulmonary vascular tone, reactivity, and thromboxane and prostacyclin synthesis in isolated buffer-perfused rabbit lungs. Extracellular acidosis did not affect base-line vascular tone, but alkalosis had a biphasic effect. Increasing the perfusate pH from 7.40 to 7.65 caused vasodilation, whereas raising pH to 7.70-8.10 caused vasoconstriction. Removing calcium (Ca2+) from the perfusate completely prevented the vasoconstriction caused by alkalosis. Perfusate pH strikingly affected pulmonary vascular reactivity. Acidosis inhibited the vasoconstriction caused by thromboxane and potassium chloride (KCl) but did not affect the response to angiotensin II. Alkalosis, in contrast, augmented the vasoconstriction caused by thromboxane and angiotensin II but reduced the vasoconstriction caused by KCl. Changes in pH also altered thromboxane and prostacyclin synthesis after the infusion of exogenous arachidonic acid (AA) or the endogenous release of AA by the lipid peroxide tert-butyl hydroperoxide.

Angiotensin II↗
PubMed1989

Platypnea-orthodeoxia and progressive autonomic failure.

Platypnea-orthodeoxia has been described in patients with pulmonary shunts, intracardiac shunts, and severe lung disease. We report a case of platypnea-orthodeoxia in a patient with minimal obstructive lung disease and progressive autonomic failure. We have shown our patient's symptoms to be the result of an orthostatic increase in ventilation-perfusion mismatching and to be corrected with fluid challenge.

Autonomic Nervous System Diseases↗
PubMed1989

Flexible transbronchial needle aspiration for the diagnosis of sarcoidosis.

To determine the value of transbronchial needle aspiration biopsy in the diagnosis of sarcoidosis, we reviewed a 1-year experience of consecutive patients with sarcoidosis presenting with hilar and/or paratracheal adenopathy. The sensitivity of transbronchial needle aspiration biopsy in obtaining specimens of noncaseating granulomas was 90%. This yield exceeds that of most published reports of transbronchial lung biopsy and bronchial mucosal biopsy and suggests that transbronchial needle aspiration biopsy may be a valuable diagnostic tool in the evaluation of these forms of sarcoidosis.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1988

Ectopic pregnancy in Aberdeen 1950-1985.

The reported incidence of ectopic pregnancy in Aberdeen City and suburbs (1950-1985), using as denominators maternities, pregnancies and women aged 15-44 years, has increased threefold since 1970 to 6.4/1000 pregnancies. This increased incidence persisted after the exclusion of previously sterilized women. A total of 11,128 women were sterilized in Aberdeen City and suburbs between 1960 and 1982; 36 ectopic pregnancies occurred in this sterilized population. The prevalence of ectopic pregnancy was 3.55/1000 sterilizations. This did not alter significantly over the period of study despite changes in the method of sterilization. However, due to the increased popularity of sterilization, the proportion of ectopic pregnancies in women who had been sterilized increased from 0% in the 1950s to 21% in the quinquennium 1975-1979.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Ethnic differences in incidence of very low birthweight and neonatal deaths among normally formed infants.

The incidence of very low birthweight babies (less than 1500 g) and neonatal mortalities in this group were analysed for the 15,608 births to mothers of various racial origins at this hospital during the years 1979-82 inclusive. Very low birth weight occurred less commonly in the European (9.1/1000) and Pakistani (10.1/1000) groups and most commonly in the West Indian group (23.2/1000). Neonatal survival in West Indians, however, was better than in any other group. Analysis of the stillbirths weighing less than 1500 g showed a lower rate in the West Indians compared with that of the European, Pakistani, and Indian groups. There was no evidence of a higher incidence of 'light for dates' in very low birthweight West Indian neonates.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1987

Streptococcus milleri and second trimester abortion.

Review of 214 fetal necropsies performed in the department of pathology, University of Aberdeen, showed 40 cases of chorioamnionitis or intrauterine pneumonia, five of which were associated with Streptococcus milleri. In two cases there was good evidence to implicate S milleri as the cause of infected abortion while in the other cases its pathogenic role was less clear.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1987

Effects of maturation and aging on collateral ventilation in sheep.

We studied collateral ventilation as a function of age by measuring the resistance (Rcoll) and time constant (Tcoll) of collateral airflow in young (2-10 mo), mature (16-24 mo), and old sheep (6-13 yr). Rcoll was 0.50 +/- 0.11 cmH2O X ml-1 X min (SE) in young sheep and decreased significantly to 0.05 +/- 0.02 and 0.02 +/- 0.01 cmH2O X ml-1 X min in mature and old sheep, respectively. Tcoll was 34.4 +/- 7.9 (SE) s in young sheep and decreased to 5.7 +/- 0.9 and 10.2 +/- 3.1 s in mature and old sheep, respectively. We conclude that a marked decrease in Rcoll and Tcoll occurs between birth and maturity but changes little with further aging. In the young an increased resistance and time constant of collateral airflow may accentuate ventilation perfusion imbalance and impair the removal of secretions in disease states.

Aging↗
PubMed1987

Erythromycin-induced suppression of pulmonary antibacterial defenses. A potential mechanism of superinfection in the lung.

Erythromycin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic commonly used in patients with respiratory infections. Certain of these patients become colonized with new microorganisms and develop superinfections. Antibiotics have a number of effects other than simply killing or inhibiting the growth of bacteria and may have direct effects upon host cells, including phagocytes. In vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that erythromycin decreases polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) directed migration. To test the hypothesis that erythromycin inhibits normal PMN migration into the alveoli in response to a bacterial challenge, mice were challenged by aerosol inhalation with Proteus mirabilis or Staphylococcus aureus and injected intravenously with erythromycin (50 or 100 mg/kg). Pulmonary bactericidal activity and total lavaged lung cell and differential counts were determined 4 h after bacterial challenge. In control mice, only 24 +/- 2% of the initial inoculum of P. mirabilis was viable at 4 h. At a dose of 100 mg/kg, lung defenses after erythromycin were ablated, allowing the proliferation of P. mirabilis to 113 +/- 5% of the initial inoculum. The number of PMN obtained by lavage after P. mirabilis challenge was also inhibited by erythromycin in a dose-dependent manner. In untreated animals, 5.0 +/- 0.2 x 10(6) PMN were recovered as compared with 3.1 +/- 0.4 x 10(6) and 1.1 +/- 0.3 x 10(6) with increasing doses of erythromycin. Intrapulmonary bactericidal activity against S. aureus was not impaired by erythromycin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗